This article shows specifics of the transition from conventional educational practice to the Flipped classroom model in modern education system. It is focused on professors’ perception of the video-based teaching approach. Conducted sociological survey involves the teaching staff from one European and one Russian university, namely the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and Ural Federal University (URFU). The survey investigated professors’ awareness of the Inverted classroom, their readiness to employ it and prime barriers they face. Results reveal that teachers from Russia have less information about the model and practically do not embed it in the education arrangement comparing to professors from Finland. Lack of time, lack of support and assistance are shown to be the prime barriers preventing them from fl ipped classroom implementation. Drawn implications are of use for the integration of the fl ipped classroom.
This paper analyzes the relation between intellectual capital and development of higher education system. The measurement was executed for the set of 16 UE countries, including Poland. Applied approach into the measurement of intellectual capital was regarded as the extension of the proposals presented by the author in the Report of Intellectual Capital of Poland (www.innowacyjnosc.gpw.pl/kip). The paper focuses on crucial features of the higher education system which was extracted in the procedure of principal components. Using these components a comparative analysis of Polish higher education system in Poland was examined and collated with systems of other UE countries. The study also examined the influence of these crucial factors on the level of intellectual capital. A regression model describing dependence of intellectual capital on these core components was estimated. The results show a big disproportion between quality and range of the Polish higher education system. That means that the prevalent development of Polish higher education system focuses on the scale of functioning but extensive development does not follow development of quality. However, the model of the relation estimated for a set of UE countries shows that the qualitative features of the higher education system play a crucial role in shaping the level of intellectual capital.
The accumulation of knowledge and its use have become important factors that promote economic development as they contribute to a countryís competitiveness in the global economy. The basic significance of research is obtained by defining new approaches in the organisation, function and efficiency of the higher education system (HES) by emphasising its qualitative aspects. The aim of the article is to describe the influence of education reform on economic competitiveness, paying a special attention to analysing and evaluating international experiences from an interdisciplinary perspective, including economics, pedagogy, etc. Quantitative indicators are used to characterise specific features of the HES and the interaction of this system in the overall context of state development. Some aspects of the Latvian HES are also analysed. The economic activity of inhabitants often directly depends on their level of education. In order to reorganise the Latvian HES and increase its competitiveness and efficiency, thus ensuring quality and availability, the Latvian education system must define a middle-term (4ñ5 years) and long-term (10ñ15 years) development plan that is coordinated with national economic development.
The article is devoted to the sphere of higher education in two former Soviet countries: Russia and Belarus . It is aimed to compare the systems of higher education in these countries under the angle of global and regional challenges . The article is based on national statistics from both states and survey data . The author analyses the ways that each of the countries’ practices to increase its educational competitiveness on the global level and adapt to the market conditions . It is described that both countries use such mechanisms in the sphere of higher education as an educational service for foreign students and membership in the educational associations (European and Eurasian) . The scale of the systems of higher education and their potential are described to explain the similarities and differences between the two countries. Three types of educational integration are described . The article concludes that the system of higher education in Belarus is currently developing in a way that differs from Russia and its achievements are much smaller; at the same time, regardless of the declarations on the necessity of internationalisation, current development leads Belarus further away from the European education system, while also not make it closer to Russia . A lack of resources and political dominance over the educational goals make the Belarusian system of higher education not as attractive for students as the Russian one .
The law on higher education provides for a relatively high level of autonomy of state higher education schools with regard to setting and collecting their fees. Still, the presidents of schools, while setting the recruitment fees, should be governed by the provisions of the law which set forth that the fee shall cover the actual costs of necessary recruitment procedures, and shall not be higher than those costs. NIK has conducted an audit at five public schools in order to examine whether the principles that they set for fees are in compliance with the binding regulations, with special focus on the changes introduced in the law on higher education introduced since 1st October 2014.
The article concisely reveals the main reforms in the Swedish education system. It, also, outlines the organisational features of the Swedish higher education system in the postwar era, with a focus on the 1970s to the early 2000s. The author analyses political, social and educational conditions which have had a great impact on the process of higher education formation in the context of integration and decentralization policy.
This paper focuses on the autonomy of universities in Spain. Research on this subject is justified as the Spanish higher education model is a good illustration of a decentralised education system and, as such, may be used to analyse the links between the constitutional autonomy of universities and the practical implementation of this guarantee. In the Spanish case, the constitutional guarantee of autonomy as well as freedom of science and teaching at universities does not mean that universities in that country enjoy fuli and unconstrained autonomy. There are two underlying reasons for this situation. Firstly, the Spanish Constitution guarantees autonomy under principles specified in law, thus signalling that certain constraints are permissible. Secondly, the Spanish higher education system developed from the French model, with the governmental authority prevailing over universities. Although the legislation was modified quite frequently, thus changing the boundaries of autonomy and the mutual relations between universities and central government, the Spanish system still displays many characteristics of the French model.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest autonomia uniwersytetów w Hiszpanii. Podjęcie badań naukowych tej kwestii jest zasadne, ponieważ hiszpański model szkolnictwa wyższego dobrze ilustruje zdecentralizowany system edukacji oraz może stanowić przedmiot analizy związków między konstytucyjnie zagwarantowaną zasadą autonomii uniwersytetów a jej realizacją. Konstytucyjna gwarancja autonomii uniwersytetów oraz wolności nauki i nauczania w przypadku Hiszpanii nie oznacza, że uniwersytety cieszą się pełną i nieograniczoną autonomią. Dzieje się tak z dwóch względów. Po pierwsze, Konstytucja Hiszpanii stwierdza gwarancję autonomii szkół wyższych na zasadach określonych w ustawie, sygnalizując w ten sposób dopuszczalność pewnych ograniczeń. Po drugie, system szkolnictwa wyższego w Hiszpanii wyrasta z modelu francuskiego, z przewagą władzy państwa nad szkołami wyższymi. Mimo że ustawodawstwo zmieniało się dość często - a tym samym zmieniał się zakres autonomii uniwersytetów oraz wzajemne relacje między nimi a władzą centralną - hiszpański system szkolnictwa wyższego wciąż ma wiele cech charakterystycznych dla tego modelu.
The aim of the article is to present academic book as a research subject at the intersection of sociological research on higher education and analyses of the book market. Academic book has been for many years the number one item on the publishing market as far as the first editions go, nevertheless its significance for the market is deemed minor. At the same time academic monograph, for many years considered, at least in the field of social sciences and humanities, as a “golden standard” of academic work, a criterion for the distribution of academic prestige, experiences the change of its function as an effect of the reforms of the higher education system in Poland aimed rather at valorising articles published in prestigious journals (especially those with IF) and open-access publications, as well as an effect of the ongoing technological change concerning the production and distribution of text. An analysis of these processes that takes into consideration the interests of main actors (researchers, publishers, librarian, booksellers, readers, and also political decision makers and experts responsible for the policies regarding science and higher education), the institutional infrastructure can thus have not only a theoretical value, but can also contribute to the discussion on the role of academic publishers and the significance of academic monograph in the context of future reforms of the higher education system.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na książkę naukową jako przedmiot badawczy, istniejący na przecięciu socjologicznego nurtu badań nad szkolnictwem wyższym i badań nad rynkiem książki. Książka naukowa od lat dominuje na polskim rynku książki w zakresie liczby publikowanych pierwszych wydań, jednak jej znaczenie dla rynku wydawniczego uznawane jest za znikome. Równocześnie monografia naukowa, przez lata uważana – przynajmniej w obszarze nauk humanistycznych i społecznych – za „złoty standard” pracy naukowej, będący wyznacznikiem prestiżu i podstawą awansu akademickiego, zmienia swoją funkcję wraz z reformami szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce, w coraz większym stopniu nastawionymi na docenianie artykułów w najbardziej uznanych czasopismach (najlepiej z impact factor) i publikacji w formule open access, a także w obliczu dokonujących się innowacji technologicznych dotyczących produkcji, opracowania i dystrybucji tekstu. Analiza tych przemian poprzez poznanie głównych interesariuszy (naukowców i wydawców, ale również bibliotekarzy, księgarzy, czytelników, nie zapominając o politycznych decydentach i gremiach eksperckich odpowiedzialnych za politykę w zakresie nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego) i ich zaplecza instytucjonalnego może nie tylko mieć znaczenie teoretyczne, ale także przyczynić się do dyskusji nad rolą wydawców naukowych i znaczeniem samej monografii naukowej w kontekście przyszłych reform szkolnictwa wyższego.
“Academic governance” is a term which is little known and rarely used in Polish literaturę. However, this term is essential to understand the extensive literaturę on higher education reforms and models published in various countries. When discussing academic governance Solutions, Polish literaturę usually uses the term system (system) to refer to the external environment of universities and the term ustrój (internal organisation) to talk about Solutions within universities. In the first part of his paper, the author defines the notions of academic governance, external academic governance and internal academic governance and then discusses academic governance Solutions in the European Union, English-speaking countries (example of the USA) and in Poland. While in 1960s the European reforms of academic governance were inspired by public governance, the governance structures in the private sector have become the model in recent years. Research confirms that the changes in governance are heading, albeit falteringly, towards an increased marketisation of the European higher education. In Poland, the marketisation of the education system has meant, above all, the emergence of the non-public sector alongside a non-market system, the latter persisting in the public higher education sector.
PL
Ład akademicki (academic governance) to termin mato znany i rzadko używany w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu. Bez jego wprowadzenia trudno jednak czerpać z dorobku bogatej literatury światowej na temat reform i modeli szkolnictwa wyższego. W polskiej literaturze przy omawianiu rozwiązań dotyczących ładu akademickiego w zewnętrznym otoczeniu uczelni używa się zwykle terminu „system”, jeśli natomiast omawia się rozwiązania wewnątrz uczelni, stosuje się zazwyczaj termin „ustrój”. W pierwszej części artykułu autor definiuje pojęcia „ład akademicki” oraz „zewnętrzny ład akademicki” i „wewnętrzny ład akademicki”, w następnych omawia rozwiązania w dziedzinie ładu akademickiego w Unii Europejskiej, w krajach anglosaskich (na przykładzie Stanów Zjednoczonych) oraz w Polsce. Podczas gdy w latach sześćdziesiątych )0( w. europejskie reformy ładu akademickiego czerpały inspirację z ładu publicznego, to obecnie wzorcem są struktury zarządzania w sektorze prywatnym. Wyniki badań potwierdzają, że zmiany sterowania systemu idą, choć niepewnym krokiem, w kierunku większego urynkowienia europejskiego obszaru szkolnictwa wyższego. W Polsce urynkowienie systemu szkolnictwa jak dotąd polegało głównie na stworzeniu sektora szkół niepublicznych, z jednoczesnym zachowaniem systemu nierynkowego w publicznym sektorze szkolnictwa wyższego.
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