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Rola Stanów Zjednoczonych w zwołaniu i przygotowaniu II Konferencji Pokojowej w Hadze (1907 r.)

100%
Damski P. P.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
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2016
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issue 48(3) Stosunki Międzynarodowe
42-51
PL
Celem rozważań jest prezentacja i analiza aktywności dyplomatycznej USA wobec problemu zwołania II Konferencji Pokojowej w Hadze i przygotowania doń delegacji amerykańskiej. Pozwala to określić stosunek USA do szukającej wówczas swego miejsca w stosunkach międzynarodowych idei rozbrojenia i wyznaczyć cele dyplomacji amerykańskiej w okresie przed I wojną światową. Artykuł wypełnia lukę w dotychczasowych badaniach nad polityką zagraniczną USA w XX wieku oraz ich stosunkiem do rozbrojenia. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy. Posłużono się w nim indukcyjną analizą materiałów archiwalnych, publikowanej korespondencji prywatnej i dyplomatycznej oraz literatury przedmiotu. Uwzględniono też specyfikę amerykańskiego procesu decyzyjnego (prezydent-sekretarz stanu) korzystając z metody systemowej. Wyniki badań dowodzą, że w początku XX w. USA zachowywały daleko posunięty sceptycyzm wobec kwestii rozbrojenia. Wolały skupić się na osiągnięciu istotnych dla ich polityki zagranicznej celów oraz usprawniać narzędzia już w pewnym stopniu sprawdzone (arbitraż). Zdecydowanie bardziej jednak otwarty był tu sekretarz Root niż prezydent Roosevelt.
EN
An aim of considerations is to present and analyse the US activity towards the issue of convention of the Second Hague Peace Conference and preparedness to it of the American delegation. This allows determining of the USA’s attitude towards the looking then for its place in international relations idea of disarmament and setting forth the objectives of the American diplomacy in the period before the First World War. The article fill the gap in the hitherto studies on the US foreign policy in the 20th century and its attitudes towards disarmament. The article is of the research nature. The author used in it the inferential analysis of archive materials, published private and diplomatic correspondence as well as the subject literature. He also took into account the specifics of the American decision-making process (President-Secretary of State) making use of the systems method. The study findings prove that at the beginning of the 20th century the USA kept far-reaching scepticism towards the disarmament issue. It preferred to focus on the achievement of important for its foreign policy objectives and to improve the tools already tested to some extent (arbitrage). However, definitely more open-minded was here Secretary of State Root than President Roosevelt.
2
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Sprawa o szpiegostwo Józefa Maculewicza, podkomisarza Straży Celnej w Chojnicach w dokumentach instytucji bezpieczeństwa II RP (1924–1925). Próba rekonstrukcji afery szpiegowskiej

84%
Wałdoch M.
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
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2014
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vol. 11
149-164
EN
This article is based on documents (primary sources) and literature. Author shows one untypical case of espionage conducted by one of the officers of polish Border Guards (Straż Celna in years 1924–1925). Which is an element of Bolshe-viks’ history of activities aimed toward the independence of The Second Republic of Poland from Soviets bases in Free City of Gdańsk and Chojnice. This what is highlighted here is not only a reconstruction of not known before espionage case, but also a mechanism that may be adequate to the present times. It is obviously visible how different countries recruit citizens and on what basis and inceptives they shows theirs willingness to support third countries interest within the borders of homeland. Readers may also notice unknown before case of espionage that have reached top level spheres of polish special forces.
3
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Sprawa o szpiegostwo Józefa Maculewicza, podkomisarza Straży Celnej w Chojnicach w dokumentach instytucji bezpieczeństwa II RP (1924–1925). Struktura afery szpiegowskiej

84%
Wałdoch M.
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
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2013
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vol. 10
451-466
EN
This article is based on documents (primary sources) and literature. Author shows one untypical case of espionage conducted by one of the officers of polish Border Guards (Straż Celna in years 1924–1925). Which is an element of Bolsheviks’ history of activities aimed toward the independence of The Second Republic of Poland from Soviets bases in Free City of Gdańsk and Chojnice town. This what is highlighted here is a structure of espionage case based on actors of particular events. Readers may get to a conclusion about social, political and economical background of main characters who played important role in such affairs.
4
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Bez retuszu George F. Kennan i jego dzienniki

84%
Grzeloński B.
Themis Polska Nova
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2015
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issue 1(8)
35-49
EN
In his article Bogdan Grzelonski, Polish ambassador to Canada between 1997 and 2000, discusses a book edited by author and historian Frank Costigliola Kennan diaries. He states that the masterfully selected and annotated diaries make for a fascinating reading about Kennan’s professional and personal life. He specifically brings to attention these parts, that are concerned with the Soviet Union, Europe and Poland. B. Grzeloński underline that Kennan raised in his diary issues which still ring clearly today.
5
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Klio czuje. Refleksje nad historią międzynarodową na przykładzie problemu emocji

67%
Damski P. P.
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne
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2022
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vol. 52
409-434
EN
The article presents the issue of researching emotions in international history. It has been noticed that the development of the research on emotions within other sub‑disciplines of history, humanities, social sciences and neuroscience, provides an international historian with many outcomes enabling further research opportunities. At the same time, it was indicated that the tools traditionally used by historians (i.e., internal and external critique of the sources, and the intuitive approach) may be useful in conducting such research. A historian who decides to deal with the problem of emotions, is, however, forced to pay special attention to the context in which the people whose lives he examines functioned. Therefore, the research on emotions, also in the international context, requires greater awareness of the achievements of other academic disciplines from the historian. This task is difficult and perhaps demands from the historian that they be more sensitive and intuitive than in case of other studies. Nevertheless, by approaching the issue of emotions, international historians have a chance to obtain a more credible image of the past.
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