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PL
W artykule przedstawiono świadomość spontaniczną, rodzaje zachowań i stosunek emocjonalny Polaków do zabytkowych budynków w perspektywie potencjału turystycznego tych obiektów. Artykuł uzupełnia wiedzę niezbędną do analiz potencjału turystycznego, prowadzenia polityki turystycznej oraz planowania inwestycji w zabytkowe obiekty polegających na nadawaniu im funkcji turystycznej. Opiera się on na wynikach reprezentatywnego badania społecznego przeprowadzonego przez autorkę w sierpniu 2016 r. we współpracy z firmą Millward Brown S.A.
EN
The article presents a spontaneous awareness, behaviors and emotional attitudes of Poles to the historic buildings in the perspective of the tourism potential of these objects. The article complements the knowledge necessary for tourism potential analysis, tourism policy and planning investments in historic buildings in order to give them a tourist function. It is based on the results of a representative survey conducted by the author in cooperation with a Millward Brown S.A. in August 2016.
EN
The paper presents the author’s views on the museum as an institution and museums in general as a set of problems connected with their organisation and operation and relevant laws and regulations which apply to such areas as: cultural heritage and cultural awareness and their significance in cherishing memory, tradition and a sense of community, as well as issues related to museum ethics and the education of the professional staff working in museums. The development of museums since antiquity is presented, together with the main world collections gathered over centuries, and the circumstances in which they were created and sometimes destroyed is described, including the legal regulations that have governed them. In this context, the specifics of the working of museums established on Polish territory during the partitions of the 19th century and, in particular, their functioning in occupied Poland during two world wars are discussed, with particular focus on the irreparable losses suffered by Polish culture in the 20th century. The process of the unlawful takeover of those museums by the state after the second world war together with all its consequences such as a disregard for the traditional autonomy of museums, or the taking away of many collections from their legitimate private owners which led to the disappearance of local identities and the cultural awareness of society have also been described, followed by a critical analysis of legal regulations governing museums in Poland today.
PL
Wynik odbudowy Starego Miasta w Elblągu metodą tzw. retrowersji pozostaje daleki od celu, jakim było przywrócenie zabytkowego klimatu tworzonego od wieków krajobrazu kulturowego miasta. W oparciu o powierzchowną i wieloznaczną w interpretacji teorię konserwatorską, pozornie odwołującą się do historii miejsca, dano w praktyce spory zakres dowolności w projektowaniu budynków. W efekcie powstała w tym miejscu architektura chaotyczna, ahistoryczna, w głównej mierze szablonowa i jednorodna, która nie tylko nie przywróciła historycznej sylwetki Starego Miasta, ale wprowadziła nową, obcą jakość. Działania te były albo aprobowane, albo zbywane obojętnością, co jest skutkiem nie tylko marginalnej świadomości znaczenia dziedzictwa kulturowego tego obszaru Polski, jak i samej zmiany statusu zabytku oraz atmosfery okresu po transformacji ustrojowej, naznaczonej przewagą myślenia pragmatyczno-inwestycyjnego.
EN
The result of the reconstruction of the Elbląg Old Town through the use of a method known as retroversion remains a far cry from its objective – the recreation of the historic atmosphere inherent in the cultural landscape of the town which has formed over the course of centuries. Based on a superficial conservation theory which allowed many different interpretations to be applied and which only ostensibly referred to the history of the site, the architects were practically given free rein while designing individual buildings. The resulting architecture is chaotic and inconsistent with historical design principles, being mostly rather bland and uniform; not only was the historic appearance of the Old Town not restored, but the project has in fact introduced a new, alien quality to the historic site. These design decisions, however, have either met with indifference or with outright approval – a consequence not only of the minimal awareness of the significance of cultural heritage of this part of Poland, but also of the change in the status of historic monuments as such and of the situation in the country after the period of systemic transformation, dominated by pragmatic and profit-oriented approach.
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