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EN
Confronting the Past. Trauma, History and Memory in Wajda’s film Historical films are important carriers of collective memory, and as a genre historical films can activate both strong feelings and strong debate. Historical fiction films often tell very accurate and almost documentary stories, but fictional films have the freedom to make historical reality in quite another way than factual historical films. This article deals with some of the most important historical film genres and uses a general theory of genres, emotions, memory and history to analyse the historical films of Polish film director Andrzej Wajda, especially those made post 1989. Dealing with both his heritage drama Pan Tadeusz (1999) and critical historical drama Katyń (2007), the article analyses the ways in which Wajda uses historical narratives to comment on both history and contemporary society, and how this strategy is reflected in all his historical films. The article argues that the traumatic and contrast-filled history of Poland makes historical films especially important and interesting as a critical part of public debate and the reframing and reinterpretation of the past.
PL
Kinematografia, w tym kinematografia ukraińska, jest wciąż niedocenianym źródłem w badaniach historycznych. Ukraińskie filmy doby niezależności stanowią natomiast bardzo interesujące i ważne źródło ilustrujące zmiany społeczne i różne perspektywy patrzenia na historię w okresie transformacji. Po 1991 r. określenie roli i miejsca Tatarów Krymskich w historii i społeczeństwie Ukrainy stało się istotnym wyzwaniem dla historiografii i państwa. Ukraińskie filmy fabularne z okresu 1991–2017 to dowody podejmowania prób zmierzenia się z tym tematem i reprezentacja różnych koncepcji dotyczących kwestii krymskotatarskiej. Films, including Ukrainian feature films, remain an undervalued source in historical research. However, Ukrainian movies produced in the period of independence are an interesting and important source and mirror social changes and various perspectives regarding history in the times of transformation. After 1991 it was a significant challenge for the state and historians to define the role of the Crimean Tatars in Ukrainian history and society. Ukrainian feature films from the years 1991–2017 are evidence of attempts to address and present various concepts related to this issue.
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