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Uposażenie asystentów młodszych w polskim państwowym szkolnictwie akademickim od 1 X 1923 do 31 I 1934 roku

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Jastrzębski J.
Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
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2012
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vol. 62
181–201
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the principles of remuneration of younger teaching assistants in Polish universities as well as the changes in the amount of their salaries between 1923 and 1934. Theses problems are presented against the background of three key moments in the economic history of the Second Polish Republic, that is, the hyperinflation (1923–1924), the currency reform of Władysław Grabski (1924) and the Great Depression (1929–1934).This article is based on source material and involves the analysis of legal documents from 1923 to 1934. It begins with an outline of the stages of changes in the law concerning academic salaries as well as of the place of the discussed point system between the preceeding multiplier system (1920–1923) and the succeeding fixed rate system (1934–1939). Subsequently, it presents the essence of the point system which was used from 1st October 1923 to 31st January 1934 in fixing salaries. Particular components of the salaries have been classified and distinguished. The first of these, that is, the reference salary, consisted in the basic salary and a regulatory allowance, and the second, that is, the supplementary salary, consisted in an economic support allowance and a household allowance. The reference salary was a salary to which every younger teaching assistant was entitled during the effective period of the point system. The subsidiary salary was a salary to which only some assistants were entitled, namely those who fulfilled certain criteria determined by the law (for example, they had families), or which could be admitted only temporarily. This article discusses the essence and purpose of each of these allowances as well as the mechanism of calculating their amount. The amount of particular components of remuneration was determined by salary points whose value depended on the rhythm of inflation. The value of one salary point was called the multiplier because the real value of the salaries was calculated by multiplying the number of points adscribed to each component by the current value of one salary point. Such a construction of the salary system allowed to react to changes in consumer prices in the economy in a quite elastic way and, in consequence, to better protect the purchasing power of the salary. The changes in the value of the salary point were initially very signficant and in the last months of 1923 they were ordered twice a month. Together with the reform of Władysław Grabski, fluctuations in this area diminished. Changes were usually made every month and they never exceeded a few Groschen each time. When in 1926 the public finances were successfully stabilised, the value of one salary point was anchored at a stable level, which remained unchanged until 1934. The present article also aims at showing the main advantages and disadvantages of the discussed remuneration system as well as the circumstances in which it was ushered in and abolished. The currency reform of 1924, which resulted in the replacement of the German Mark with the Polish Zloty (however, during the transition period both currencies circulated at the same time), has also been taken into account.
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ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИХ АРХІВОСХОВИЩ У ВИВЧЕННІ ІСТОРІЇ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ В КІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.

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Корж-Усенко Л.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2016
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issue 6(60)
176-184
EN
The paper attempts to reveal the significance of archive collections and Manuscript repository for investigation of development of higher education in Ukraine at the end of 19th – beginning of 20th century. It is emphasized that active appeal to the original sources by the authors is an important criterion of quality of modern research works. The analysis allows to state diversity and resourcefulness of documentation on the selected issue. The basic array of sources is concentrated in classic «university cities» in Ukraine namely Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa, Chernivtsi. The available resources are supplemented by materials collected in regional state archives in Dnipropetrovsk, Chernigiv, Poltava. Many documents are written in German, Polish, French and other languages which require respective language competency for independent work with original sources. Among foreign archive collections, those of Austria and Russia, which historically used to comprise Ukrainian territories, are notable for their significant informational potential while investigating development of higher education during 19th – beginning of 20th century. If categorized by content the sources collected in the archives contain mainly personal documents of teachers and students, statistical data on student and teacher population, student youth organizations and fraternities of political affiliation of professors and student youth. The most scientific value for researchers of history of education in the aforesaid period have such official and private documents as statutes of higher educational establishments, syllabi, curricula, schemes of instruction, annual reports on the activity of the universities, institutes, higher women’s courses, protocols of scientific councils’ meetings and faculty meetings, aimed at improvement and organization of learning process, alumni accounts of their alma mater and teachers. It is concluded that representativeness and richness of the source base which are concentrated in the native and foreign archives, create favorable conditions for implementing thorough systemic analysis of development of higher school in Ukraine in the late 19th – early 20th century.
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ГЕНЕЗА ІДЕЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ: ІСТОРИКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ВИМІР

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Корж-Усенко Л.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 6(50)
343-352
EN
The study reveals genesis of national educational ideal elements and Ukrainian studies component of pedagogical process content in Ostroh and Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in the XVI–XVIII centuries. The conducted analysis made it possible to distinguish a series of factors of the Ukrainian university idea genesis: Ukrainian nation formation, traditional endeavor of Ukrainians for education, experience of «intellectual tourism» in Europe, Ukrainian Hetmans’ policy, traditions of charity, public and private initiatives. Endeavor of the teachers and students for meeting the right for national higher education, demands to eliminating censorship restrictions on literature, cancelling prohibition of Ukrainian language, developing of the Ukrainian language studios in academic, research and educational activities of Lviv, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Novorossiysk Universities in the XIX – early XX centuries is revealed in the research. It is proved that the idea of Ukrainian National University got favorable conditions for realization in the period of national state establishment in 1917–1920. Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University (1917) became the prototype of the national high school that combined classical education content with deep Ukrainian nationalistic component. Innovative potential of Kamenets-Podolsk Ukrainian State University that successfully implemented the right for higher education and adequate to national needs was defined. Developmental peculiarities of conceptual approaches to the Ukrainian University idea and its implementation during national state establishment in 1917–1920: constructive policy of the Ukrainian Governments aimed at fostering a citizen of Ukraine and that of the world, which was based on the principles of consistence, tolerance, diversity, social, gender and national equality, respect for the autonomy of higher educational institutions, broad public participation; affirmation of the right for writing and defending a thesis in the Ukrainian language; expansion of the Ukrainian studies range, activation of scientific schools work; native language competence of a new Ukrainian intelligentsia generation representatives, their involvement in the educational work implementation among the population were determined. Among these three approaches (radical, moderate and conservative) as a result of lively discussions, the supporters of gradual establishment of the Ukrainian University won a victory (revolutionary means were rejected, temporary bilingualism, coexistence of the Ukrainian and Russian higher education institutions were admitted). The subject of further research will become foreign institutions contribution to elaboration of Ukrainian studies subject matter and development of National University idea.
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