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PL
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the rivalries stemming from the Old-Polish ­variant forms/ albo and abo in the 16th-century printed material from Cracow, having the strongest influence upon the forming literary Polish language. The article tries to answer the question how a certain linguistic custom was established, not being a norm yet. For comparison, the process has also been shown in the prints from the northern borderland of Poland and Great Poland, the regions which at that time did not have such a significant influence on the literary language as the prints from Cracow, but also produced more books than other regions. The listing of data from three regions makes it possible to show the differences in the formation of the norm between the centre of cultural life of the Republic of Poland (Cracow) and its peripheral regions – the eastern and the western.
PL
The article attempts the technical determination of the graphic and phonetic variance acknowledged in the Polish edition of the Żywoty filozofów by Mikuláš Konáč. The method used was to analyze the distribution of oppositional graphic forms. It has been determined that the technical nature of the print is 9 variants: 4 graphic variants („j” = /j/ in position before consonant, „j” = /j/ in the voice-over position, „u” = /v/ i /v/ in the midpoint position, „th” = /t/) and 5 phonetic variants (miesce, miejsce, miejstce; wszystko; wieliki); among them are both regressive and progressive forms. The analysis also shows that, using the disclosed technical variants, zecer manipulated the graphical content of the lines in both possible ways: narrowing or widening.
EN
Th e scope of the project carried out in the Kórnik Library in 2016-2019 included the set of incunabula kept in the facility. Th is paper sums up the works concerning this part of the book collection. Th e author presents new fi ndings concerning the holdings, simultaneously indicating the need for further research on the oldest treasures of the European printing industry kept at the library established by Tytus Działyński.
EN
The aim of the article is to trace the consequences – often very distant in time – of the changes in the appearance, content and speed of circulation of publications initiated by Martin Luther. Striving to reach as many people as possible with his Reformation ideas, Luther used and creatively developed the possibilities offered to him by printing with the use of movable type that had been invented shortly before then. He made his publications more attractive in terms of graphics, made them shorter, sped up their circulation, changed their style for one that was more accessible for the reader; he abandoned the usage of Latin in favour of the commonly understood German language. All of this resulted in a real boom for the publishing market – the development of the printing sector, an enormous increase in the numbers of printed brochures and books, an improvement of their quality, the development of the book market and the education of masses of recipients of the printed word. Over time, it also accelerated the circulation of information, and led to the cre-ation of pre-journalistic forms. It was followed by an increase in literacy and the development of education – universal and uniform for both boys and girls. This had far-reaching consequences – raising the level of education of the whole society and the level of public debate, as well as encouraging a more active participation in the culture of books.
Biblioteka
|
2022
|
issue 26 (35)
121-133
EN
This article discusses the volume of parchment and paper copies of the Statute by Jan Łaski. The problem is approached by the author within two aspects. The one aims at presenting and systemising various opinions, still functioning in the literature, on the number of printed copies. The earliest mention of the printed volume of the Statute, given by Tadeusz Czacki towards the end of the eighteenth century, is challenged and confronted with the present state of knowledge on Jan Haller’s printing office. The tendency to support the view on the low volume of the edition of the Statute in successive publications is discussed and explained. The other aspect of the issue in question is the considerations on the decidedly separate functions that the parchment and paper copies were to perform, their intended use and potentially different financial support for the editions in either writings. In addition, the author gives his own estimations on the probable number of printed copies, using the available sources and the copies of the Statute that have been preserved until our times.
PL
Artykuł porusza zagadnienie nakładu egzemplarzy pergaminowych oraz papierowych Statutu Jana Łaskiego. Problem ten rozpatrywany jest w dwóch aspektach. Po pierwsze, przybliżono i usystematyzowano funkcjonujące w literaturze przedmiotu poglądy na temat liczby wydrukowanych egzemplarzy. Krytyce poddany został najwcześniejszy, pochodzący z końca XVIII wieku, przekaz autorstwa Tadeusza Czackiego traktujący o nakładzie Statutu. Został on skonfrontowany z obecnym stanem wiedzy o oficynie Jana Hallera. W dalszej części ukazane zostało to, w jaki sposób pogląd o skromnym nakładzie Statutu był powielany w kolejnych publikacjach. Po drugie, przedstawiono rozważania na temat funkcji egzemplarzy pergaminowych oraz papierowych, ich przeznaczenia oraz potencjalnie różnego finansowania nakładu na poszczególnych tworzywach. Całość uzupełniają uwagi na temat prawdopodobnej liczby wydrukowanych egzemplarzy poczynione na podstawie dostępnych źródeł oraz zachowanych do dzisiaj egzemplarzy Statutu.
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