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1

Otsides kvaare lugusid sodadevahelise Eesti ajakirjandusest

100%
Põldsam R.
Mäetagused
|
2020
|
vol. 76
95-124
EN
In order to build a better understanding of what sexuality meant in interwar Estonia and how it was expressed, this article focuses on representations of sexual and gender minorities in the Estonian printed media of the 1920s–1930s. On the one hand, seldom if ever, I found immediate voices of the marginalised people in focus, while on the other hand, many of the terms to describe sexual diversity were in the process of being articulated or had not been defined by that time. This lack of definitions, however, creates an epistemological gap between the present day and the interwar period, which I am aiming to reduce with this article. Hence, in order to demonstrate the development of sexuality-related terminology through time, I start with a brief survey of Estonian LGBTQI+ historiography. Next, I map the journalistic and scientific articles on sex and gender minorities in interwar Estonia. Finally, I present a case study of a so-called male-woman A. Oinatski, who was the most frequently and diversely portrayed queer person in Estonia during the interwar era. To systematize and differentiate the found fragmented sources, I apply feminist theorist Karen Barad’s model of agential realism, which helps to notice nuanced relationships between various examples of discourse around sexual minorities during the interwar era. Finally, I look at how the eugenics movement influenced the depictions and concepts of sex and gender in the public discussions held in interwar Estonia.
2
Content available remote

Vynález heterosexuality (komentář Věra Sokolová)

88%
Katz J. N.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
|
2013
|
vol. 14
|
issue 2
4-13
EN
The paper maps the history of the term and ideas about heterosexuality in the United States of America since the second half of the 19th century until the 20th century. Katz focuses primarily on the construction of the concept and terminological apparatus of heterosexuality (and homosexuality) in the medical discourse, its entry into the social mind and historical changes in the subsequent periods.
3
Content available remote

Beyond Viagra: Sex Therapy in Poland

88%
Kościańska A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2014
|
vol. 50
|
issue 6
919-938
EN
In the 1970s and 1980s, Poland, like most other countries in the region, provided not only unlimited access to abortion and contraceptives, but also a liberal sex education. This period moreover constituted a golden age in sexology in the country. Sexual science developed as a holistic discipline, embracing achievements in medicine, psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, history, and religious studies, providing recourses for sex education and therapy. Sexuality was perceived as multidimensional and embedded in relationships, culture, economy, and society at large. This approach was fundamentally different from the biomedical model, which started to develop rapidly in the United States after Masters and Johnson’s publication of Human Sexual Response in 1966. Contemporary feminist critics like Leonore Tiefer point out that Masters and Johnson’s approach initiated the process of biomedicalisation and commodification of sexuality and led to the domination of pharmaceutical industries in sex therapy. Meanwhile, owing to the given political and economic context, socialist sexual science was not tied to the market and remained holistic until the advent of capitalism in the 1990s. Along with the invention of Viagra, the free market significantly reshaped the field of sex therapy, giving priority to pharmacotherapy, promoting new sexual dysfunctions, and marginalising other forms of treatment. Nevertheless, Polish sexology was not fully transformed. It proved surprisingly resilient to the influence of pharmaceutical industries and the holistic approach to sex therapy remains highly valued and often practised; pharmacotherapy is perceived as insufficient and sexual dysfunctions, including erectile dysfunctions, are frequently treated using psychotherapy, which takes into account not only psychological but also social, economic and cultural issues. This article is based on the author’s ethnographic and archival research on the development of Polish sexology since the 1970s. She focuses on the relationship between sexuality, socialism, and capitalism and shows that an analysis of socialist sexology sheds light on the nature of the contemporary hegemonic understating of sexuality and sex therapy.
4

Väike-Abhaasia suured piiriküsimused

88%
Jürgenson A.
Mäetagused
|
2021
|
vol. 80
89-118
EN
In order to build a better understanding of what sexuality meant in interwar Estonia and how it was expressed, this article focuses on representations of sexual and gender minorities in the Estonian printed media of the 1920s–1930s. On the one hand, seldom if ever, I found immediate voices of the marginalised people in focus, while on the other hand, many of the terms to describe sexual diversity were in the process of being articulated or had not been defined by that time. This lack of definitions, however, creates an epistemological gap between the present day and the interwar period, which I am aiming to reduce with this article. Hence, in order to demonstrate the development of sexuality-related terminology through time, I start with a brief survey of Estonian LGBTQI+ historiography. Next, I map the journalistic and scientific articles on sex and gender minorities in interwar Estonia. Finally, I present a case study of a so-called male-woman A. Oinatski, who was the most frequently and diversely portrayed queer person in Estonia during the interwar era. To systematize and differentiate the found fragmented sources, I apply feminist theorist Karen Barad’s model of agential realism, which helps to notice nuanced relationships between various examples of discourse around sexual minorities during the interwar era. Finally, I look at how the eugenics movement influenced the depictions and concepts of sex and gender in the public discussions held in interwar Estonia.
5
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Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Nota o książce)

75%
Kisiel A.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
|
2017
|
issue 36
EN
[Scroll down for the Polish version of the Abstract]Anna KisielInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in Katowice, PolandJeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (A Critical Note)Abstract: The present note concerns the book by Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History?, first which aims at sketching out, and then tracing the paths of the history of sexuality to finally organize our knowledge about these phenomena and processes. The main part of the book consists of seven chapters dealing with various aspects and and subsequent stages of the formation of the discipline of sexual history and its changing social conditioning.Keywords: sexuality, history of sexuality, gender studies Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Nota o książce)Niniejsza nota traktuje o książce Jeffrey'a Weeksa, What is Sexual History?. Książka ma na celu nakreślenie, prześledzenie i uporządkowanie historii seksualności. Główna część książki składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów, traktujących o różnych aspektach i etapach tworzenia dyscypliny oraz jej uwarunkowaniach społecznych.Słowa kluczowe: seksualność, historia seksualności, gender studies
PL
[Scroll down for the Polish version of the Abstract]Anna KisielInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in Katowice, PolandJeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (A Critical Note)Abstract: The present note concerns the book by Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History?, first which aims at sketching out, and then tracing the paths of the history of sexuality to finally organize our knowledge about these phenomena and processes. The main part of the book consists of seven chapters dealing with various aspects and and subsequent stages of the formation of the discipline of sexual history and its changing social conditioning.Keywords: sexuality, history of sexuality, gender studies Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Nota o książce)Niniejsza nota traktuje o książce Jeffrey'a Weeksa, What is Sexual History?. Książka ma na celu nakreślenie, prześledzenie i uporządkowanie historii seksualności. Główna część książki składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów, traktujących o różnych aspektach i etapach tworzenia dyscypliny oraz jej uwarunkowaniach społecznych.Słowa kluczowe: seksualność, historia seksualności, gender studies
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