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1

Nieznana geneza spektroskopu

100%

Rodzeń J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 46

72-91

PL

The paper raises the question of why historians of science were never seriously interested in the genesis of optical spectroscope despite the fact that it had played so crucial and decisive role in the development of modern science. It is also noted that even in reputable scientific publications it is persistently claimed that the inventors of the spectroscope are two German scholars: G. Kirchhoff and R. Bunsen. In what follows the history of their groundbreaking research is briefly outlined. This led to consolidation of a new scientific method - spectrochemical analysis, but not to invention of the spectroscope itself. In the last part of the paper a story of five historical types of spectroscopic apparatus has been outlined. All these instruments were invented evidently earlier, i.e. before Kirchhoff and Bunsen started in 1859 their joint work. The paper ends with a philosophical 'moral', which is expressed as a statement that so many issues can be interesting for the philosopher of science when studying the history of just one scientific instrument, especially when this instrument has accelerated (perhaps even determined) the line of development and research of three different scientific disciplines, that is of physics, astronomy and chemistry.

2

O paradygmacie konstruowania maszyn w pierwszym polskim podręczniku podstaw konstrukcji

100%

Pylak K.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 2(49)

109-128

EN

Reflection on the contemporary state and development opportunities of machine-design paradigm should be accompanied with research on its evolution process, based on current knowledge of the system of rules and criteria of design. This article is a contribution to such research and covers the first decades of the 19th century, i.e. the period when paradigm understood in such a way started to be formulated in technical literature. The subject of our analysis is the work Teoryja machin by Franciszek Miechowicz, published in 1828. It is considered to be the first Polish manual of mechanical equipment design. Profile of the author and structure of the work is presented here. The article describes his specific approach to the concept of active and resisting forces that determine stress states, and analyses his calculation models of basic machinery parts, comparing them with today’s approach to design issues. Particular attention has been given to comprehensive tasks concerning design of complete hoisting equipment. They include calculation diagrams enabling to reconstruct the rules applied by the author. The article also gives consideration to Miechowicz’s contemporary outstanding representatives of mechanics and mechanical engineering, who were mentioned in his manual.

3

Magi on naine, maendus on mees: etumoloogiline-feministlik vaade Entbergen’ile essees “Kusimus tehnika jarele”

88%

Mets A.

Mäetagused

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2019

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vol. 73

99-120

EN

Unconcealment is truth in Heidegger’s Greek-inspired view – the kind of truth that underlies propositional truth (or correctness), as it concerns the entities that propositions are about, and how they come forth to us. This happens in Entbergen or bringing forth. Technology is one way of bringing forth. There are essential differences between the unconcealments of ancient and contemporary technologies. The first, according to Heidegger, went on the concernful way of contemplation, of mutual hearing of the creative being and the matter created of – man helped the being come forth in a way it by itself would not have done, by attending it concernfully. The latter is determined by enframing (Gestell) that is the essence of contemporary science and technology – a forcing of the world into a calculable and manipulable form. I will give an etymological-ecological-feminist account of the essences of ancient and contemporary technologies as ontogeneses, and of their unconcealments and turning points on the basis of Carolyn Merchant’s ecofeminist tale about mining practices. Those earth-related practices brought forth changes not merely in technologies, but also in mentality in times of commercial revolution and the birth of contemporary science. As she recounts, ancient mining practices were guided by the prevailing view of earth as a living organism, particularly as the mother of all that is growing in and on her, including the ores. Mining was conceived as digging into her womb and entrails to force her fruits out of her – and that was considered immoral and required special care and purity. Commercial revolution brought about a mind-set according to which this forcing of the earth is justified because she as a mean stepmother keeps her fruits so much needed by her children – the humankind. I understand Merchant’s tale to be about the practices and corresponding attitudes of those times. As language is a practice interwoven in other practices, I consider the etymologies of some related words to hint to the dominant ideas. Thence the words related to earth and world, whereas earth is the dark and concealing, and world is the known and transparent; or ‘berg’ as the saving both for what is inside it such as ores to be mined, and what is behind or on it. This iconically illustrates Heidegger’s unconcealment as Entbergen exclusively used in this essay – ‘bringing out of mountain or salvage’. Many other words used by Heidegger here are closely related to mining and commercial practices. Hence in technological practices, bringing the earth out of salvage became commonplace, and similarly bringing nature out of salvage, or disenchanting it, became the leading idea of the young science’s agenda. Technological view of the world is of resources to be measured and manipulated. Scientific view of the world is of forces to be calculated and reapplied to take control over nature. Merchant cites early scientists’ ideas of subsuming nature to their power to reveal her secrets (the laws of nature) just like subsuming a woman to a man’s power and shaping her according to his will. Boosting masculinity to the principles of science and deploring femininity parallel the moral decline in man’s relation to earth and nature. Those became mere reserves – Bestand – in man’s disposal, control and calculation, both scientifically and technologically, and thereby in quotidian thinking.

4

Stanisław Odrowąż–Wysocki (1876–1931)

88%

Sadłowski P., Hickiewicz J.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2014

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vol. 23

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issue 2(45)

209-223

EN

This article discusses life, activities and scientific achievements of Stanisław Odrowąż-Wysocki (1876–1931), Professor of the Warsaw Technical University, Head of the Electrical Equipment Unit, active member of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers and the Polish Electrotechnology Committee. The appendix to the article contains a list of his publications, including his books, articles, reviews and papers presented in Poland and abroad.

5

Technologia jako narzędzie społecznej dystynkcji. Nieoczywiste relacje techniki i niepełnosprawności

63%

Zdrodowska M.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

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2018

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vol. 102

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issue 3

13-26

EN

Assistive technologies are solutions designed to improve everyday functioning of people with disabilities. However, critical analysis of this concept may lead to surprising conclusions. If under the term of assistive technologies we understand solutions that support everyday functioning of human body and mind, it turns out that in fact every technology could be considered to be assistive in one way or another. Nevertheless, commonly used technologies are identified as assistive only when they are intended for users with disabilities. This indicates how ambiguous this concept is and that assistive technology (just like disability) is in fact a social and cultural construct.

6

Robotyzacja farmacji: historia i stan obecny

63%

Żołnierz J., Baj J., Sak J., Brezdeń S., Rejdak L., Książek P., Maciejewski R.

Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny

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2016

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vol. 79

46-52

PL

Dążenie do naśladowania natury towarzyszy człowiekowi od czasów najdawniejszych. Wyrażało się ono zarówno w próbach przenoszenia do świata człowieka niektórych mechanizmów funkcjonowania zwierząt, jak i w próbach kopiowania struktury funkcjonalnej zwierząt i człowieka. Konstruowanie w XIX stuleciu różnego rodzaju automatów nie tylko naśladujących funkcje ludzkie lub zwierzęce ale także usprawniające produkcję przemysłową stworzyło fundamenty dla powstania w XX wieku robotyki. W 1961 roku opatentowano pierwszego robota przemysłowego a w 1985 roku podjęto próbę wykorzystania robota do wykonania biopsji guza mózgu. Jednak pierwsze automaty do liczenia tabletek użyto znacznie wcześniej niż miało miejsce zastosowanie robotyki w diagnostyce neurochirurgicznej. Początkiem robotyzacji farmacji było bowiem skonstruowanie i opatentowanie na przełomie lat sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku przenośnego automatycznego licznika kapsułek i tabletek. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie historii i obecnych trendów technologicznych zastosowania systemów robotycznych w farmacji z uwzględnieniem dylematów moralnych indukowanych rozwojem współczesnej robotyki farmaceutycznej.

EN

The aspirations to imitating of the nature were accompanying the man from the most former times. They manifested themselves in attempts to imitate some mechanisms of functioning of animals and to imitate the functional structure of animals and man. The machines which not only imitated functions of man or animals but also streamlining of the industrial productions were made in 19th century and they created the foundations for robotics in the 20th century. The first modern industrial robot was patented in 1961 and the first attempt to use the robot for the neurosurgical biopsy of a brain tumor was made in 1985. However the first digital pills counters were used much earlier than applying robotics in neurosurgical diagnostics. The dawn of the robotiza- tion of the pharmacy was the inventing and the patenting of first portable automatic counter of capsules and pills at the turn of sixtieth and seventieth of the 20th century. The paper presents the history and current technological trends in pharmaceutical robotic systems and moral dilemmas which have been induced from development of the modern pharmaceutical robotics.

7

Uwagi na temat ochrony historycznych obiektów przemysłowych. Śląskie doświadczenia

63%

Gerber P.

Architectus

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2020

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issue 1(61)

69-80

PL

Ochrona dziedzictwa przemysłowego jest ważnym społecznym zadaniem. Proces zachowania zabytków techniki wymaga wiedzy i doświadczenia z różnych dziedzin obejmujących specyfikę chronionego zabytku. W artykule przedstawiono kryteria stosowane przy ocenie wartości zabytku techniki. Na podstawie badań usystematyzowano modele postępowania przy ochronie i ponownym użytkowaniu historycznych obiektów przemysłowych. Omówiono zasady obowiązujące przy podejmowaniu decyzji o przystosowaniu zabytków techniki do nowych funkcji. Zaprezentowane rozwiązania zilustrowano przykładami projektów ochrony i użytkowania dużych zabytkowych obiektów przemysłowych zrealizowanymi przez Fundację Ochrony Dziedzictwa Przemysłowego Śląska.

EN

The protection and preservation of industrial heritage is an important social task. The process of preserving technical monuments requires knowledge and experience in various fields covering the specificity of the protected monument. This article presents the criteria used to assess the value of a technical monument. Based on the research, approaches to the protection and re-use of historic industrial facilities were systematized. The way of proceeding when making decisions on adapting technical monuments to new functions was discussed. The solutions discussed are illustrated by examples of projects for the protection and use of large historic industrial facilities implemented by the Foundation for the Protection of Industrial Heritage of Silesia.

8

Ledwie znana, a wciągająca kulturowa historia techniki [Rec. Piotr Sitarski, Maria B. Garda, Krzysztof Jajko, Nowe media w PRL, Łódź 2020]

63%

Mazur M.

Wieki Stare i Nowe

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2022

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vol. 17

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issue 22

1-7

EN

In their book entitled Nowe media w PRL (New Media in the People’s Republic of Poland), the authors discuss and comment on the origins of three technologies: VCRs, microcomputers, and satellite television, and the factors influencing their use and development in the 1980s socialist Poland’s system. In their analysis, they rely on extensive media theory and draw on social history.

PL

Historia nowych mediów zaczyna się w Polsce w latach 80. XX wieku, czyli w państwie borykającym się z kryzysami: politycznym, społecznym, a z perspektywy techniki - najważniejszym - ekonomicznym. Autorzy recenzowanej książki omawiają i komentują początki trzech technologii: magnetowidów, mikrokomputerów i telewizji satelitarnej oraz czynniki wpływające na ich użytkowanie i rozwój w systemie socjalistycznym.

9

The Contribution of the Teisseyre Family to Polish Culture

51%

Sroka S. T.

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 3

271-288

PL

Artykuł omawia udział przedstawicieli rodu Teisseyre’ów w budowaniu kultury polskiej. Wywodząca się z Francji rodzina Teisseyre’ów osiedliła się w Polsce po wielkiej rewolucji francuskiej. Szybko się spolonizowała i kolejne jej pokolenia wnosiły duży wkład w rozwój kulturalny naszego kraju. Swoją obecność zaznaczyli przede wszystkim w naukach ścisłych (Wawrzyniec, Henryk, Juliusz, Andrzej, Mieczysław i Roman Teisseyre’owie), ale także w technice (Jerzy i Andrzej Teisseyre’owie) oraz sztuce (Stanisław Teisseyre). Tradycje rodu starają się kontynuować współcześni potomkowie, aktywni na różnych polach kultury.

EN

The article discusses the role of members of the Teisseyre family in contributing to Polish culture. The Teisseyre family, originally from France, settled in Poland after the French Revolution and quickly became Polonized. Subsequent generations made a significant contribution to the cultural development of our country. They marked their presence primarily in the hard sciences (Wawrzyniec, Henryk, Juliusz, Andrzej, Mieczysław, and Roman Teisseyre), but also in the fields of technology (Jerzy and Andrzej Teisseyre) and art (Stanisław Teisseyre). Modern descendants who are active in various fields of culture try to continue the family traditions.

10

Hospodářské dějiny a business history ve francouzské historiografii

45%

Efmertová M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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vol. 115

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issue 3

756-786

EN

Since 1929 French historiography has been influenced by the Annales School (École des Annales). Both the founders and the first generation (1929–1945) Annales are considered by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Its leading lights at that time drew their inspiration from Auguste Comte’s positivist philosophy and proceeded in a way different from the so‑called methodic school that had affected the historical branches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Until 1945, the Annales School represented of edge branch of French historiography. After 1945, her leaders came to the top positions in universities (and especially in Paris) and began to point the whole of French historiography. It was only then that they became a real school. It was the Annales that had changed approach to history. Its achievements were based on its more global view of the historical issues under review and especially on its efforts to foster cooperation and links among interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary institutes (among historians, sociologists, economists, mathematicians, geographers, anthropologists, psychologists, etymologists, statisticians, demographers, climatologists etc.).

Refine search results

Nieznana geneza spektroskopu

O paradygmacie konstruowania maszyn w pierwszym polskim podręczniku podstaw konstrukcji

Magi on naine, maendus on mees: etumoloogiline-feministlik vaade Entbergen’ile essees “Kusimus tehnika jarele”

Stanisław Odrowąż–Wysocki (1876–1931)

Technologia jako narzędzie społecznej dystynkcji. Nieoczywiste relacje techniki i niepełnosprawności

Robotyzacja farmacji: historia i stan obecny

Uwagi na temat ochrony historycznych obiektów przemysłowych. Śląskie doświadczenia

Ledwie znana, a wciągająca kulturowa historia techniki [Rec. Piotr Sitarski, Maria B. Garda, Krzysztof Jajko, Nowe media w PRL, Łódź 2020]

The Contribution of the Teisseyre Family to Polish Culture

Hospodářské dějiny a business history ve francouzské historiografii