Pope John Paul II paid much attention to nature in his teaching. This is clearly reflected in his documents, speeches, homilies and occasional speeches, and also in his literary work. Pope joined the global debate on the consumption model of modern civilization, the state of nature and methods of preventing its devastation. At the root of the involved personal attitude lay the Pope’s faith, in which nature is the sign by which God speaks and also a the nature is a mediator connecting God and man. Developing the concept of man’s dominion in nature, Pope presented the Franciscan ideal of the brotherhood of man and nature, and a model of human participation in the harmonious order of the universe. Pope John Paul II called humanity to environmental activities and sustainable development in order to stop the rate of the devastation of the natural environment and taking these activities as the most important challenges of today’s humanity. It should be noted that in the case of the pontificate of John Paul II’s papal ordinary teaching gained new forms and dimensions. The observations in this paper represent a small piece in the analysis of the place and the importance of nature in the teaching of John Paul II issues, which is an extremely rich source of all kinds of considerations. Taking into account the place of nature in the study of John Paul II a major role in promoting the Pope’s teachings can play tourist Pope trails, plaques, contests, eco-festivals, tourism and sports events, foundations, ecological organizations and institutions, media, attractive websites . For many years papal documents from the period of the pontificate of John Paul II will be the source of analysis and scientific inquiry. However, the foundation of all is probably the basic truth that praised our great Pope – Countryman, saying that the creation of man’s relation to nature should be the result of the respect for God as the creator.
The linguistic overview of the word holiday in the three languages (French, Lithuanian and Polish) is promising for the intercultural approach to teaching French as a foreign language with a view to go beyond the roughly monocultural contexts in Poland and Lithuania. The research is based on text corpora in these three languages. Its objective is to analyse the linguistic images of the word holiday and its Lithuanian and Polish equivalents and to examine their collocational (non)coincidence in order to systematize the teaching/learning of collocations to French learners. The aim would be to help students retain meaning and lexical association simultaneously, as well as to fix the structures they already partially know and to discover (inter)cultural aspects.
Статья посвящена теме праздника в книге „Там, где звенят сосны”, принадлежащей русской писательнице Людмиле Коль, проживающей ныне в Финляндии. В целом книга, будучи автобиографическим текстом, отличается многомерностью и многоплановостью. Автор тонко, деликатно, но и не без иронии/самоиронии повествует «о стране, где живут финны», о самих финнах, о финской душе, о том, что «спрятано под маской современного стиля жизни». Годовая жизнь современных финнов (очень деловая и динамичная), согласно наблюдениям русской писательницы, структурирована различного рода праздниками. Религиозные, государственные, местные праздники занимают немало места на страницах книги. Здесь есть заметки о Вербном воскресенье, о Юханнусе, о Празднике урожая, о Дне независимости, о Рождестве, о Шведском дне, о масленице, дне поэта Рунеберга и др. Праздники, представленные в тексте, отражают как особенности сознания и мышления финнов, так и характер восприятия и отношение к ним русской писательницы.
EN
The paper is dedicated to the theme of a holiday in the book ‘Where the Pine Trees Ring’ written by a Russian author Lyudmila Kol, nowadays a resident of Finland. In general, the book represents an autobiographical text that is notable for its many-sidedness and variety. The writer narrates in a delicate manner, but not without irony “about the country where the Finns live,” about the Finns themselves, the Finnish soul, about what is “hidden under the mask of a modern lifestyle.” The Russian author notices that the yearly life of modern Finns (very businesslike and dynamic) is organized according to various family celebrations. Religious, national, and local holidays occupy a considerable place in the book. There are comments about Palm Sunday, Juhannuspäivä, the Harvest Festival, the Independence Day, Christmas, the Sweden Day, about Pancake Week, Runeberg Day (birthday of the national poet) and others. The holidays presented in the text reflect the peculiar features of the Finns’ consciousness and their way of thinking, as well as the Russian author’s perception thereof and her attitude towards them.
Polish legal system does not differentiate days which are free from work on the basis of their Catholic/religious or state/secular nature – either at the constitutional level or at the statutory level. Article 66(2) of the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland does not specify public holidays but obliges the legislator to specify them in ordinary legislation. In general, Polish law assumes that two days a week, including Sundays, are free from work, in addition to other holidays. There are also a number of exceptions when an employer is entitled to order work on Sundays or holidays. Article 9(1) of the 1993 Concordat, contrary to Article 66(2) of the Constitution, contains a catalogue of nonworking days, including all Sundays and literally enumerated holidays. It is not a catalogue of Catholic holidays but a catalogue of nonworking days and is binding on the ordinary legislator. In consequence, Polish legislation must not only guarantee the days free from work according to the Concordat but also ensure that on each of these days employees (regardless of the legal basis for providing work) are not obliged to work. Exceptions are permissible but only in situations justified by objective reasons (e.g. security, public order, morality, human life and health); trade, for example, does not fall into one of these exceptions. Interpretative problems are posed by Article 9(2) of the Concordat, which specifies the conditions for expanding the catalogue of public holidays (paragraph 1). The requirement of an agreement between the Parties to the Concordat can be understood either literally – as a requirement of adopting a separate agreement – or teleologically (functionally) – as the absence of opposition (which nevertheless seems to be a more correct interpretation). Another controversy is related to the nature of the catalogue of public holidays in the Concordat. The important question in this regard is whether it should be considered inclusive (i.e. the days indicated in the Concordat have the character of days actually free from work) or exclusive (i.e. only the days indicated in the Concordat have the character of days actually free from work).
PL
Polskie prawo nie zna podziału świąt na katolickie (religijne) i państwowe (świeckie) - ani na poziomie konstytucyjnym, ani ustawowym. Artykuł 66 ust. 2 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 r. nie określa, które dni są wolne od pracy, lecz nakazuje to sprecyzować w ustawie. Polskie ustawodawstwo generalnie zakłada, że wolne od pracy są dwa dni w tygodniu, w tym niedziela, a ponadto święta, przy czym istnieje wiele wyjątków, gdy pracodawca może nakazać pracę w niedziele lub święta. Artykuł 9 ust. 1 polskiego Konkordatu z 1993 r. - inaczej niż art. 66 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP - proklamuje katalog dni wolnych od pracy, do których zalicza wszystkie niedziele oraz enumeratywnie wymienione dni świąteczne. Nie jest to katalog świąt katolickich, ale katalog dni wolnych od pracy, który jest wiążący dla ustawodawcy zwykłego. W konsekwencji polskie ustawodawstwo musi nie tylko zagwarantować taki status wymienionych w Konkordacie dni wolnych od pracy, lecz również zapewnić, aby w każdym z tych dni pracownicy (niezależnie od podstawy prawnej świadczenia pracy) nie mogli być zobowiązani do świadczenia pracy. Wyjątki są dopuszczalne, ale tylko w uzasadnionych obiektywnymi względami sytuacjach (np. bezpieczeństwo, porządek publiczny, moralność, życie i zdrowie ludzi), do których nie zalicza się np. handlu. Problemy interpretacyjne ewokuje redakcja art. 9 ust. 2 Konkordatu, który określa warunki poszerzania katalogu dni wolnych od pracy (art. 9 ust. 1 Konkordatu). Wymóg porozumienia między Stronami Konkordatu można rozumieć literalnie – jako wymóg zawarcia odrębnej umowy – albo teleologicznie (funkcjonalnie) – jako brak sprzeciwu (co mimo wszystko wydaje się bardziej prawidłową interpretacją). Kolejna kontrowersja dotyczy charakteru konkordatowego katalogu dni wolnych od pracy. Istotna jest w tym zakresie odpowiedź na pytanie, czy jest on gwarancyjny, czyli inkluzywny (dni wskazane w Konkordacie na pewno mają charakter dni rzeczywiście wolnych od pracy), czy ekskluzywny (tylko dni wskazane w Konkordacie mają charakter dni rzeczywiście wolnych od pracy).
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