Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 10

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  horizon
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Hermeneutické aspekty Husserlovy fenomenologie

100%
EN
The aim of the article is to capture the most important hermeneutical aspects of Husse­rl’s thinking, to display them in their mutual relatedness, and to draw attention to the fact that the development of hermeneutics drew significantly on the work of Husserl and can be seen as a continuation of his endeavour by other means. The author focuses on an evaluation of the hermeneutical sense of selected aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology, rather than on a detailed discussion of its inner evolution. The article summarises the contexts of Husserl’s move from a static phenomenology to a genetically-orientated phenomenological analysis. As an introductory phase of the move in question, the conception of the motivated perception of the Ideas of a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy II is presented. Subsequently the author, on the basis of the main works of the late Husserl, characterises the conception of the genetical phenomenology and analyses its main concepts: the concept of passive genesis, and especially the concept of horizon. In the conclusion of the article the connection between Husserl’s conception of genetical phenomenology and the position of hermeneutical phenomenology is sketched, as it is gradually formulated by M. Heidegger, H.-G. Gadamer and P. Ricoeur.
CS
Cílem článku je postihnout nejdůležitější hermeneutické aspekty Husserlova myšlení, ukázat je v jejich vzájemné souvislosti a upozornit na to, že rozvoj hermeneutiky probíhal z podstatné části v návaznosti na Husserla a jako pokračování jeho snah jinými prostředky. Autor se zaměřuje na vyhodnocení hermeneutického smyslu vybraných aspektů Husserlovy fenomenologie, nikoli na podrobnou diskuzi jejího vnitřního vývoje. Článek shrnuje souvislosti Husserlova posunu od statické fenomenologie ke geneticky orientované fenomenologické analýze. Jako předstupeň uvedeného posunu je nejprve představena koncepce motivovanosti vnímání z Idejí k čisté fenomenologii a fenomenologické filosofii II. Následně autor na základě rozboru hlavních spisů pozdního Husserla charakterizuje koncepci genetické fenomenologie a analyzuje její hlavní pojmy: pojem pasivní geneze a zejména pojem horizontu. V závěru článku je nastíněna vazba mezi Husserlovou koncepcí genetické fenomenologie a pozicí hermeneutické fenomenologie, která byla postupně formulována M. Heideggerem, H.-G. Gadamerem a P. Ricoeurem.
EN
In his writings at the end of the fifties, Merleau-Ponty introduced a new semantic and expressional circuit with the concept of “visibility”, a variation on the concept of “flesh” (chair). The aim of this article is to show that a consistent interpretation of this circuit necessarily leads us to a consideration of the concept of visibility as a systematically privileged viewpoint for the interpretation of all Merleau-Ponty’s more particular discussions. The concept of visibility, or flesh, summarises Merleau-Ponty’s thesis that the proper cohesion of the “horizon” or “field” is prior to that which is objectively and individually thinkable within it. Thus, Merleau-Ponty’s pivotal idea is set down not just from the phenomenological viewpoint, or in particular instances, but rather quite generally and in an ontological sense. The article offers an analysis of the lexis related to the concept of visibility, characterises Merleau-Ponty’s conception of phenomenon from its perspective and summarises its ontological consequences, using the example of two central themes i.e. the relation between subject and object and the relation between the empirical and ideal.
CS
Na konci padesátých let Merleau-Ponty ve svých textech zavádí nový formulační a významový okruh související s pojmem „viditelnosti“, variantou pojmu „tělesnost“ (chair). Cílem této stati je ukázat, že důsledná interpretace zmíněného okruhu nutně vede k tomu, že musíme pojem viditelnosti považovat za systematicky privilegované východisko pro interpretaci všech dílčích Merleau-Pontyho výkladů. Pojem viditelnosti resp. tělesnosti totiž shrnuje Merleau-Pontyho tezi o prioritě souvislosti „horizontu“ či „pole“ ve vztahu k tomu, co je předmětně a individuálně myslitelné uvnitř něj, a to nikoli již pouze z fenomenologického hlediska a u konkrétních témat, nýbrž obecně a v ontologickém smyslu. Článek nabízí rozbor lexika viditelnosti, z takto naznačené perspektivy viditelnosti charakterizuje Merleau-Pontyho pojetí fenoménu a shrnuje jeho ontologické důsledky na příkladu dvou ústředních témat, jimiž je vztah mezi subjektem a objektem a mezi empirickým a ideálním.
EN
In connection with Lem’s three degrees classification of genies, I will offer a personal view of Vopěnka’s alternative set theory and of its relation to Cantor’s set theory and Robinson’s nonstandard analysis. I will sketch some reasons which, in my opinion, restrict the potential of the Alternative Set Theory in particular, as well as of phenomenologically-founded mathematics in general. Finally, I will try to grasp the philosophical message of Vopěnka’s phenomenological exposition of mathematical infinity which may permanently influence some branches of mathematics, beyond the scope of its foundations
4
Content available remote

Polomnožiny a emergence v umělé inteligenci

86%
EN
The principle of emergence is, today, a key paradigm in the area of the development of systems of artificial intelligence. This article sketches the prospects for tackling emergence in artificial intelligence using Vopěnka’s alternative set theory applied to a model of interaction between two causal domains. Starting from the relations between semiset σ- a π- classes grounding naturally-infinite causal domains, it is shown why in emergent systems one cannot adequately explain relations between interacting domains, and that a key aspect of emergence is natural infinity. In addition, the article briefly proposes the possibility of a causal description of emergent systems with the help of Vopěnka’s monad defined by a relation of indiscernibility.
EN
Culture as a dynamic system of meaningful relations can naturally accommodate a hermeneutic analysis. In this essay, the notion of Gadamer’s hermeneutics as involving interpretable meaning throughout experiential reality permits a natural concordance with an understanding of culture as meaningful. The Gadamerian idea that prejudices inform the horizons that make our experiences intelligible is applied to the view that culture is both a self-enclosed structure that is given by one’s horizon and one that continuously points past this horizon in genuine dialogue. Nevertheless, in seeing culture as a coherent system that transcends itself, we are consequently faced with a dilemma regarding the evolution of one’s cultural horizons: whether past horizons can survive the creation of novel ones through dialogue. However, this may be resolved through Gadamer’s understanding of the functions of sameness and difference within horizonal evolution, and how these functions feature in the distinction between a shared ontological ground and the horizons through which the ground is interpreted. Ultimately, we showcase how it is noncontradictory to suppose that culture is both self- and other-referential.
6
Content available remote

Nekonečno a kontinuum v pojetí Petra Vopěnky

72%
EN
One of the key themes of Petr Vopěnka was his understanding of mathematical infinity. He put forward many objections to Cantor’s established set theory. He worked out a new, alternative, theory in which he surprisingly interpreted infinity as a means of mathematising indeterminacy. He interpreted the continuum in a similar way. He drew on phenomenology, on Husserl’s motto “Return to things themselves”, and he employed a range of phenomenological concepts. At the same time, however, he did not give up the claim to mathematical precision in his theory. This claim brings with it certain pitfalls which centre on mathematical idealisation and its relation to the natural real world.
PL
Numer został przygotowany przy wsparciu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (1222/P-DUN/2015).
EN
The article analyses the phenomenon of fallible knowledge as knowledge constituted in inadequate way of givenness. The key concept in this context is habituality, i.e., passive structure of consciousness that co-constitutes the object of cognition. It is argued that habitual moment of consciousness contextualizes cognition of unknown objects by presenting them as typical for a subject in a certain cognitive relation. One can describe this phenomenon by referring to the broad notion of horizon. As the author claims, phenomenology of fallible knowledge presents human cognition as defined by horizons, so as essentially “open.” The descriptions enables one to understand phenomena of cognitive situatedness of a subject and of embodied exploration of the world by the lived body.
PL
Stawiając sobie za cel w rozważaniach na temat konserwacji ogrodów wyjście poza debaty wokół jej metod, artykuł prezentuje znamienne projekty konserwatorskie z terenu Chin i Japonii. Z każdym pokrótce przedstawianym przykładem autor wprowadza stopniowo konceptualny rodzaj analizy. Zostaje sformułowanych kilka szczegółowych pytań dotyczących relacji między stosunkiem odwiedzających zabytkowe ogrody do historii, obrazowaniem przeszłości i rodzajem odbioru, jaki te miejsca wywołują. Różnice kulturowe pomiędzy Azją Wschodnią a Zachodem dają podstawy, by poddawać w wątpliwość traktowanie wszystkich ogrodów w kategoriach zabytku oraz odwoływanie się do projektu historycznego ogrodu jako jego kwintesencji. W artykule podjęto próbę zdefiniowania konserwacji historycznego ogrodu jako tworzenia „specyficznej sytuacji” i przekonania czytelnika do tej koncepcji.
EN
In order to move discussions about garden conservation beyond current debates about methods, this essay turns to highly significant garden conservation projects in China and Japan. It incrementally introduces a conceptual frame of analysis as each new example is briefly discussed. As a whole it raises a few precise questions about the relationships between public attitudes towards past history, representations of the past and reception of historic gardens. Cultural differences between East Asia and the West also allow calling into question the assimilation of all gardens to monuments as well as the reliance on design as the essential feature of any historic garden. The paper defines and argues for “situation-specific” historic garden conservation.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Migrations And Mirages

58%
PL
Artykuł ten traktuje o stosunku między chęcią migracji a przynętą odległości która może być mirażem w sensie iluzji ale może też istnieć naprawdę, tak jak miraż odpowiada miejscu istniejącym naprawdę poza horyzontem – chociaż horyzont ten bezustannie zmienia miejsce. Robi to czerpiąc z doświadczeń samego autora; z wiersza Mariève Rugo, która urodziła się w Bukareszcie ale wyrosła w Nowym Yorku; z powieści Jenny Erpenbeck pod tytułem Geh, ging, gegangen, która traktuje o uchodźcach afrykańskich w Berline i o rozwoju stosunku między nimi a emerytowanym profesorem klasyki; i z filmu Roberta Rosselliniego Stromboli – terra di dio, którego bohaterka, grana przez Ingrid Bergman w pierwszym filmie który robiła razem z Rossellinim, pobiera się z mieszkańcem tytułowej wyspy po to aby się wydostać z obozu dla ludzi wysiedlonych, ale która potem się przekona iż małżeństwo jej stało się mirażem w obu sensach wymienionych na początku tego streszczenia, bo doprowadziło ją do miejsca mającego znaczenie i fizyczne i metafizyczne.
EN
This article focuses on the relation between the urge to migrate and the lure of a distance that may be a mirage in the sense of an illusion, but may also, like mirages, correspond to something that really exists beyond the horizon – though that horizon may shift constantly. It will do so by drawing on the experiences of the author himself; on a poem by Mariève Rugo, who was born in Bucharest but grew up in New York; on Jenny Erpenbeck’s novel Geh, ging, gegangen, which deals with African refugees in Berlin and a retired Classicist professor’s developing relationship with them; and Roberto Rossellini’s film Stromboli – terra di dio, whose protagonist, played by Ingrid Bergman in her first film with Rossellini, marries an inhabitant of the eponymous island in order to escape a displaced persons’ camp, only to find her marriage to be a mirage in both of the senses identified in this abstract’s first sentence, as it takes her to a place of both physical and metaphysical significance.
EN
The principle of history of effect, introduced by the initiator of philosophical hermeneutics, Hans-Georg Gadamer, which maintains in direct relation to his idea of horizon and his interpretation of such concepts as understanding, tradition, prejudice/prejudgment, constitutes in this paper the basis for attempt of application of the recommendations of this thinking construct for elucidation of transformations that have taken place over time within the field of understanding of the mythos and logos concepts. As a result, on a more general level, appears a critical attitude towards often present nowadays instrumental treatment of questions as well as concepts, while these two constitute fundamental aspects of the linguistic dimension. Whereas, on a more detailed level, the thesis on a non-ancient Greek origins of the present in modern European culture opposition of myth and reason is advanced.
PL
Wyprowadzona przez twórcę hermeneutyki filozoficznej Hansa-Georga Gadamera zasada dziejów skutkujących, pozostając w bezpośredniej relacji z jego figurą horyzontu, jego wykładnią m.in. takich pojęć jak rozumienie, tradycja, przesądy-przedsądy, stanowi w niniejszym artykule podstawę dla próby zastosowania zaleceń powyższej konstrukcji myślowej dla naświetlenia przemian, jakie dokonały się na osi czasu w obszarze rozumienia pojęć mythos i logos. W rezultacie na bardziej ogólnym poziomie wyłania się krytyczne ujęcie często obecnego współcześnie instrumentalnego traktowania zarówno pytań, jak i pojęć stanowiących zasadnicze aspekty płaszczyzny językowej. Natomiast na poziomie bardziej szczegółowym ukazuje się teza o swoiście poza-starogreckich źródłach opozycji mitu i rozumu w europejskiej kulturze nowożytnej.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.