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EN
The aim of this paper is to present the results of the empirical research conducted among students of post-graduate programmes offered in English at the Wrocław University of Economics. The questionnaire survey was to answer the research questions about whether the price of post-graduate studies has any impact on the student’s household budget and if so, how high the impact is, and what impact the fee paid for the post-graduate studies has on the selection of a given major. At the same time, it was attempted to determine whether there is any financial added value (e.g. in the form of a pay rise) after completing post-graduate studies and if so, what impact it has on the student’s selection of a major. When endeavouring to answer the questions asked, literature studies in the area of budget were carried out and a questionnaire survey, supported with an interview with post-graduate students, was conducted.
EN
The paper deals with the problem of households affected by unemployment and examines the hierarchy of consumer needs in such families. The research covers several groups of consumer needs, including food, clothing, household supplies, housing, vacations and cultural needs. Empirical material analyzed in the paper comes from surveys carried out in 2000 and 2006 among households in the central Polish province of Mazovia. The article analyzes the hierarchy of needs according to the level at which they are met. In the process, the author considers selected socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, education, number of family members, per capita income, place of residence, and how long the unemployed person has been out of work. The analysis shows that many of the surveyed households do not satisfy their basic consumer needs, while the hierarchy of these needs is relatively inflexible and impervious to change.
EN
Individual households’ spending behavior and resource allocation endure transformation as a result of dynamic changes in the micro- and macro-environments of consumers. Among the factors that indirectly but substantially influence consumer behavior, the economic crisis plays a crucial role. The crisis has had a significant impact on the financial situation of Polish households in recent years, with its apex occurring in 2020. It is also necessary to mention the global economic crisis, the effects of which were observable by the close of the first decade of the twenty-first century. The financial situation of a significant fraction of Poles deteriorated despite the increase in disposable income, as revealed by analyses of selected Central Statistical Office data and research conducted by independent agencies.
PL
Dynamiczne zmiany zachodzące w mikro- i makrootoczeniu konsumentów, którymi są indywidualne gospodarstwa domowe, sprawiają, że ich zachowanie związane z planowaniem wydatków i rozkładem zasobów portfela ulega przeobrażeniu. Wśród czynników, które kształtują zachowania konsumentów pośrednio, aczkolwiek w znaczącym stopniu, decyduje kryzys gospodarczy. Na sytuację portfela Polaków w ostatnich latach istotnie wpłynął kryzys, którego rozkwit datuje się na 2020 r. Koniecznym wydaje się także odniesienie do zjawiska globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego, którego wymierne skutki można było zaobserwować pod koniec pierwszej dekady XXI wieku. Analizy wybranych danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz badań prowadzonych przez niezależne agencje pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że sytuacja materialna i finansowa znaczącej części Polaków uległa pogorszeniu mimo wzrostu dochodu rozporządzalnego.
PL
Celem badania jest wyodrębnienie grup wiejskich gospodarstw domowych o podobnych rozchodach oraz ich opis za pomocą cech społeczno-demograficznych i ekonomicznych. Przeprowadzono je z wykorzystaniem wielowymiarowych metod statystycznych — analizy skupień metodą k-średnich oraz analizy dyskryminacyjnej. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane z badania budżetów gospodarstw domowych GUS za lata 2004 i 2012. W wyniku badania dokonano podziału wiejskich gospodarstw domowych na cztery grupy ze względu na rozchody, przy czym jedna z nich objęła ponad 2/3 gospodarstw. Zmiennymi najbardziej dyskryminującymi przynależność gospodarstw domowych do poszczególnych grup okazały się liczba osób w gospodarstwie domowym oraz dochód rozporządzalny przypadający na osobę.
EN
The aim of the study is to isolate groups of rural households with similar outgoings and to describe them by socio-demographic and economic characteristics. It was carried out using multivariate statistical methods such as k-means cluster and discriminant function analysis. Data from the CSO survey of household budgets for the years 2004 and 2012 were used for the research purpose. The research resulted in the division of rural households into four groups considering the outgoings, where one group covered more than 2/3 of the households. Variables which discriminated the membership of rural households to certain groups to the largest extent were the number of people in the household and disposable income per capita.
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