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EN
The article presents an analysis and evaluation of housing policy instruments, with particular focus on, the program “Family on its own” implemented in Poland in recent years. It is worth to mention that the government eventually led to the total extinction of the program and replaced it with other tools. The question is whether it happened on financial basis, or the decision was made because of its mediocre results, otherwise costly program. Finally, an interesting element here seems to be the matter of spreading the information about the program, especially the fact that initially the media did not show particular attention to it. Undoubtedly valuable source of analysis of this subject, in addition to selected, professional books and reviewed papers, reports and analyzes. In addition some network resources, and newspaper articles will help to follow the ongoing debate and help to conduct an accurate analysis of this question.
EN
The Dutch social rental sector often serves as an example for other countries as a result of its large share and good quality housing. However, many things have changed in the sector in recent years. After 2011, the central government has regained its control over the housing associations. This was needed after the unacceptable amount of scandals that characterized Dutch social housing after 2000. Unfortunately, some of the new housing policies direct the sector into the direction of a residualization (the sector becomes smaller and there is a larger concentration of lower income groups). This is undesirable because the challenges that housing associations have to face are bigger than ever. Housing shortages are increasing, housing affordability is under pressure and spatial segregation is growing.
Critical Housing Analysis
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
26-34
EN
This paper studies the roles of the new-style PRH (public rental housing) programme in Shanghai’s socio-spatial dynamics. It shows that the development of PRH in Shanghai is mainly a result of a deliberate ur-ban development policy in line with other strategies such as city marketing and gentrification. The analysis is augmented with data from a questionnaire survey of PRH tenants in Shanghai. Finally, this paper identifies challenges for the future development of the public rental housing sector in China.
EN
Social housing in Italy, its historical and recent developments, and its criticalities are discussed considering both the pre- and the post-crisis period. The main effects of the crisis on Italian households and the exacerbating of housing problems are also analysed. A critical review of the main policy instruments implemented before and after the crisis is provided, with a special focus on new models of intervention. It is not clear how the housing needs of low income households will be addressed in the near future. Traditional public-managed social housing has been left with insufficient resources while the newly-built affordable housing sector is mainly targeting mid-income households. Several new policy instruments have been deployed and billions of euros invested. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to observe a consistent strategy oriented to increasing the level of social protection in the housing domain, beyond the conventional management of “emergencies”.
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Critical Housing Analysis
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 1
150-160
EN
After the economic crisis in the early 1990s there was excess supply of housing, but over the last 25 years demand has increased because of rising population, rising incomes and low levels of housing construction. The result has been rising prices and longer queues to (rent regulated) rental housing. The lack of affordable housing has made the situation especially difficult for low-income "outsiders", e.g. immigrant groups and various marginalized groups. In the debate about explanations and policies one can find demand for "more market", e.g. deregulating the rental market, weaken the municipal planning monopoly and cutting back on building regulations. There are also proposals for "less market", e.g. state directives about municipal planning volumes, subsidies to housing construction and more active municipal housing companies. As the current government is weak, most initiatives comes from the local level, e.g. both below market rents for lower income households and planning for more low-cost housing.
EN
The aim of this article is to identify the main factors that lead to the successful reintegration of the homeless into long-term housing in the postsocialist Czech Republic, identify the barriers to successful reintegration, and, in the light of these factors and barriers, assess the effectiveness of existing and potentially new state housing policies. Homelessness is a fact that has various causes, and the article tries to link the factors behind and barriers to the successful reintegration of the homeless with potential state interventions in the area of housing and housing policy to reinforce the success of reintegration. Although effective housing policy assistance is not the sole precondition for the successful reintegration of homeless people into long-term housing, without such assistance reintegration is not possible. Despite the relative broadness of existing studies of homelessness in the Czech Republic, to date there is none that focuses on this dimension, and analyses the factors behind and barriers to the successful reintegration of the homeless in greater detail and in reference to the effectiveness of assistance from the housing policy sphere. The authors thus also assess existing public assistance to the homeless in the sphere of housing and innovative changes that could be made to this assistance in the form of ‘guaranteed housing’. In order to analyse the factors behind and barriers to the successful reintegration of the homeless into long-term housing the authors draw on fi ndings from their own qualitative survey of social workers and homeless people conducted in the Czech Republic’s three largest cities. Given that housing systems in post-socialist countries followed a similar path of development, the conclusions from this research could be of more general validity and could serve as resource for other post-socialist countries.
EN
Affordable housing is the biggest challenge being faced by the city of Mumbai, which styles itself as an emerging Global Financial Centre. The city has the image of being home to a stark dualism, with slums abutting modern skyscrapers. Over the years, adequate policy attention has been given to slums and with the implementation of the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme slum dwellers are being provided with housing in multi-storey buildings and are being granted tenancy rights to the dwellings. However, an emerging area of concern is the large housing stock that is non-slum but is old and dilapidated. The collapse of an old and dilapidated building in Dongri in July 2019 that killed twelve people and the one at Bhendi Bazaar in 2017 that killed thirty-three has brought this problem into the mainstream and new policies have been initiated to address the problem. Implementing these policies seems to be a challenge, and this is the result of different factors. This article looks at the housing problem in Mumbai from a policy perspective and analyses the implementation challenges of the new policy aimed at redeveloping the old and dilapidated housing stock.
EN
In comparison to other European countries, France is experiencing a respectively good housing situation. However still housing problems occur in Seine country with regard to considerable fraction of French society, people with low or medium incomes in particular. The article covers housing problems touching people with low or medium earnings embodied in the 16th report of the Fondation Abbé Pierre on poor housing in France. The limitations of the article allow only to pay attention to the synthesis of the concepts and recommendations for the housing policy in France.
EN
This paper develops some analytical perspectives for a proper assessment of the dynamics observed on the Hungarian residential property market over the last decade. These dynamics are examined in comparison to official policy objectives. On the one hand, sustainable development and social balance were particularly urgent issues after the last financial crisis. On the other, the residential property market was officially instrumentalised to achieve them. We examined real estate market processes using data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and found a change in investment motives and in the main groups of actors dominant in the market, and we also examined the role of foreign investment. At the aggregate national level, the past decade looks like a process of recovery. Nonetheless, the factors relevant for the observable dynamics do not seem to correspond to the goals also formulated in the new constitution, but rather document the investment fever of certain groups.
PL
Participation in the creation of a social housing association in its proper functioning is a very important part in the implementation of housing policy. In spite of this, the institution of the society is still insufficiently clarified, since determininga flat which in 30% is financed by a citizen as a social one seems to be a vague term. The aim of the publication is to analyze the issue of social housing associations, but first of all to show the advantages and disadvantages of this system andthe indeterminate scope of the state’s responsibilities in the area of supporting housing construction.
EN
The author has attempted to outline the issue of housing and the evolution of housing policy in Galicia at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries. Such factors as considerable demographical development in this part of Polish lands in the second half of 19th century and the need to improve the living conditions of the indigent forced the state authorities and autonomous Galician authorities to address the matter. In the Habsburg Monarchy, of which Galicia was a crown land, the public authorities became aware of the housing problem only after the beginning of 20th century. Recognising the need to improve housing conditions, the Austrian government implemented housing reform in a few ways, e.g. they introduced tax allowances and proper legal regulations. Beyond legislative activity, both authorities also took the step of building houses with cheap apartments for their own officials (of different categories) and employees. Municipalities supported the cheap housing associations that had emerged – either by concessions while giving up their own properties, or by joining these organisations as a member. Despite increased activity on the part of state authorities in housing policy and considerable involvement in different public institutions, the housing issue in Galicia remained unsolved. However, the housing conditions changed for the better, especially in bigger cities.
EN
The article pertains to the issue of libertarian paternalism in relation to public housing policy in Poland. Libertarian paternalism is an idea developing on behavioral grounds, the main task of which is ensuring paternalistic protection and social care by the government and local self-government administrative organs, while at the same time maintaining the society’s freedom of choice and increasing social-economic well-being. In the article, the issue of libertarian paternalism is described, a set of instruments of the described concept is implemented for purposes of working out solutions to problems connected with the housing policy of territorial self-government units in Poland (communes), and the proposed solutions validated in a post-socialist country. The work is of a conceptual remedial character. Within it, selected tools in the scope of behaviorally informed interventions, serving to implement solutions that increase the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations of public organizations under conditions of dynamic decentralizing changes, have been indicated. The most important conclusions arising from the deliberations carried out make it possible to look at housing policy in Poland through a prism of a modern market economy.
EN
Detailed inventory of municipal housing development and assessment of the development standard as a prelude to the attempt to create an optimal model for the development of municipal housing areas in small towns up to 10,000 inhabitants, on the example of the Lower Silesia Voivodship. Current status, directions of housing policy defined by the local government and risk analysis of the project are the main activities discussed in the article. An example of a town taken for analysis for the purposes of this article is Wiazow – one of the smallest towns in the Lower Silesia Voivodship.
EN
Article shows the results of the analysis and assessment of the chosen programs implemented in Poland supporting housing investments in the context of mobility management. The main goals of this article were detailed analisys of the effects of the programs, which results in investments directly affecting communication behaviour and changes in the demand for transport. The evaluation of the presented in this article programs shows the strong dependence of spatial planning policy and the transport needs.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analizy i oceny realizowanych w Polsce wybranych programów wpierających inwestycje mieszkaniowe w kontekście zarządzania mobilnością. Celem artykułu była szczegółowa analiza efektów programów, których rezultatem są inwestycje bezpośrednio wpływające na zachowania komunikacyjne i zmiany zapotrzebowania na przewozy. Ocena przedstawionych w ramach artykułu ocen programów prezentuje ścisłą zależność między polityką planowania przestrzennego i potrzebami transportowymi.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie pojęcia luka mieszkaniowa, określenie sposobu jej pomiaru oraz zidentyfikowanie skali tego problemu w mieście Wrocławiu. W teoretycznej części publikacji dokonano przeglądu definicji luki mieszkaniowej w literaturze polskiej i zagranicznej, podjęto polemikę oraz zaproponowano autorskie ujęcie tego terminu. Część praktyczna jest próbą weryfikacji empirycznego zastosowania zaproponowanej definicji oraz metody pomiaru na przykładzie miasta Wrocławia. Na podstawie danych statystycznych zawartych w Banku Danych Lokalnych i innych zbiorach GUS podjęto próbę ilościowej i jakościowej oceny zasobu mieszkaniowego oraz zestawienia go z zapotrzebowaniem na lokale mieszkalne.
XX
The aim of this article is to define the housing gap term, set the way of measuring it and identify the scale of this problem in Wrocław. The theoretical part of the paper is a query of housing gap definition in Polish and foreign literature, discussion and proposal of author’s definition. The empirical part is an attempt of practical use of proposed definition on the example of Wrocław city. Based on statistical data included in CIS databases an attempt of quantitative and qualitative rating of housing resources and a comparison with housing demand was made.
EN
A flat to live is one of the basic amenities, but also the one which is very costly to acquire, and that creates serious obstacles and limitations to purchasing own home. Lacking own place to live, on the other hand, means serious restrictions over the development of any individual or a family. Because of the social and economic functions that residential properties perform, most states do not leave the question of housing to market forces alone, but pursue own housing policy. Housing policy as a research discipline diagnoses differences in the dwelling capacity from the economic, social and technical perspective; it establishes the scale of housing demand and the level to which it is satisfied; finally, it determines the optimal deployment of public funds [Auleytner, Głąbicka 2000]. Housing policy is a targeted action undertaken by national and local state institutions, in which legal and financial instruments are employed to improve the housing situation. The actual legal and financial solutions depend on the approved goals and can be divided into ones shaping the demand or supply on the residential real estate market. Privatization of dwelling stock leading to a higher number of flats with owners is perceived as a housing policy instrument, which can quite easily (in a way that leaves the state budget unaffected) stop and reverse the progressing depreciation of the housing stock. This article presents the results of the privatization effort undertaken to sell the dwelling stock managed by the Olsztyn Branch of the Agency of the Agricultural Real Estate Properties in communes within the District of Olsztyn. The flats within the said stock were sold with rebates to individual owners. At the end of 2011, the number of flats taken over by the Olsztyn Branch of the Agricultural Real Properties and included into the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury was 49647, of which 3999 were in the District of Olsztyn, mainly in the communes of Barczewo, Biskupiec, Purda and Jeziorany. The flats have different origin. Most originate from dissolved state farms (3506 flats) and from the State Land Fund (396 flats). The implemented privatization model, in which flats can be sold with reductions in the prices, has encouraged 94% of the future flat owners to make a preferential purchase. The remaining percentage consists of flats sold by tender bids or transferred free of charge mainly to communes. Owing to the above solution, the privatization of the stock of flats has almost been terminated, although this is true only about the flats from former state farms (flats which remain in the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury account for 0.8% of the original stock) which were sold with reductions in the prices available to both persons renting the flats or former employees of state farms. Regarding the flats from the Land Farm, a narrower group of persons were eligible to apply for rebates, and the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Tre
EN
The article provides an overview of the First Home Programme which entered into force in Poland on 1 July 2023. This programme consists of two main new housing policy instruments. The first one is the 2% Safe Mortgage, i.e., a system of subsidies for a loan for the purchase of one’s first flat or house. The 2% Safe Mortgage is a standard mortgage provided by commercial banks. However, the difference is a subsidy from the state for the first 120 instalments of the mortgage (10 years). The second instrument is the Home Savings Account – an opportunity to save meant for people from the age of 13 to 45 who are planning to buy their first flat or house, with a bonus from the state. Taking into consideration the implementation of these instruments, the following research question is verified: if and how the 2% Safe Mortgage and Home Savings Account stimulate the Polish housing real estate market and banking sector. As the analysis shows that both these instruments have divergent effects, the final section discusses recommendations for a contemporary Polish housing policy.
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