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EN
The purpose and result of the presented article is the identification and priority-setting for non-formal adult education in the context of human development indicators, based on analysis of existing global theories of human capital, human potential, human development: to monitor the educational needs of adults at all levels and in different social, age groups; to systematize current and future educational needs of adults and labour market destinations of job qualification and the development of relevant hard skills of adult learning and life qualification and soft skills development of adults; to explore the existing non-formal market of educational services in terms of demand customers, and positions proposals with providers; to justify by the example of separate regions of interaction of the enterprises and institutions with providers of non-formal education; to perform organizational, didactic and methodological principles of teaching adults in non-formal education; to prove the necessity of recognition of non-formal learning based on the justification of compliance with key professional competences and social recognition; to define the quality criteria for adult learning at all levels in terms of informal education and to systematize the criteria of quality of training of the individual and their impact on the leading indicators of human development in general. The leading research methods used in the article are: analysis, generalization, systematization of theoretical and statistical studies of different levels and practical experience. The practical importance of the findings of outlined objectives; prospects for their justification at certain levels: personal (nano) – the level of the individual; corporate (micro) – level of enterprises, institutions, other institutions and organizations; regional (meso) – level of industries, regions of different subordination; national (macro) level – the level of the country; continued use of these indicators for measuring the results of non-formal adult learning in the context of human development.
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EN
In my paper, I analyse passion in the context of lifelong human development. The main concern is whether passion has to be one and steady, or whether it is possible to have various passions in life, or even many different passions at the same time? To answer my question, I refer myself to the psychology of human development and the psychology of interests, as well as to Robert J. Vallerand’s dualistic model of passion.
EN
The modern world is characterized by rapid changes in all spheres of social life. These changes are amplified by extremely rapid dissemination of information, knowledge, values, tastes, and ideas from one society to another. Some values are invisible to the eye, other can be noticed quickly and easily. The result is a new cultural phenomena, which are called “civilization“ and “ the modern way of life.” To change the values and ideological climate in today’s world it is necessary to strengthen the role of humanitarian and moral culture. To do this, it is very important to teach people kindness and tolerance, as well as the ability to conduct intercultural dialogue while understanding common threats facing humanity today. One of the main means of solving these complex problems is the education system.
EN
In this paper we investigate empirically the relationship between globalization and human development in post-transition countries using annual panel data for the 1971-2010 period. We show that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between globalization and human development in the case of unconditional regressions. This relationship remains positive and signifi-cant once the process of European and regional integration is controlled for. However, when differences in the level of economic development are taken into account the globalization variable loses its statistical significance.
EN
The objects of research are indicators of human development in Kazakhstan from the moment of independence acquisition by the republic until today. The subject of scientific research is spatial-existential patterns of socio-demographic processes as a key factor of human potential development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The importance of scientific work is that the results permit to estimate the level of human development of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of socio-demographic processes. For the first time the basic indicators defining human potential in Kazakhstan have been studied in detail and systematized. The aim of the work is to define the laws of the spatial organization of human potential and its basic spatial analyses of human development of Kazakhstan. The database, created with the help of ArcGIS, allows to monitor the changes of human development level, to analyze, estimate and manage human potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
EN
The main research issue within the framework of this article is the following: what happens to human development in countries of the world and their regions which are beyond the average indicators, and why it happens this way but not the other? The authors have tried to answer this question with the help of combining the diachronic and synchronic analyses of the Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1990-2017, as well as the Historical Index’s of Human Development growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1870ñ2015, and the Sub-national Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the internal regions of the EU member countries (with the emphasis on Latvia), and the USA (for comparison) in the period 1990-2017. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the differentiation of the human development level in countries of the world and their regions with the help of three indices using a common methodological approach. This kind of parallel analysis allows the authors carrying out a more systematic study into peculiarities of a social and economic phenomenon of human development both in the modern world and in the 150-year old historical perspective. The research outcomes showed that: the average human development level is steadily growing, and in the modern world it dramatically exceeds the average HDI which was achieved 150 years ago; the state of differentiation of the human development level in the world is gradually decreasing over the last 150 years; the HDI distribution in the world countries at each time point of the period under study starting from the second half of the 20th century corresponded to the Gauss curve; in the modern world, the level of human development has a normal distribution on sub-national level too (for instance, between internal regions of the EU countries), and metropolitan areas are almost always the leaders of human development; in Latvia, despite the constant increase in the human development level on average in the country and in its regions, the distribution of the HDI itself between Latvia’s internal regions remains normal, which is also typical for internal regions of the United States. The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) according to the research project 18-011-00548.
EN
Sport, as a child of modernity, is intertwined with typically modern elements, such as the search for universality, competition, and the fascination for measurement. As modernity is essentially defined, in legal and moral terms, as a search for universally grounded moral principles or basic human rights, modern sports are widely seen as a means to promote typically modern values such as dignity. This paper conceives of the term "dignity" in light of the capabilities approach upheld by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen. According to these authors, dignity is conferred according to certain human basic capabilities that we all are entitled to. This is the reason why this article explores how sport can be a tool for enhancing and exercising such human capabilities. In so doing, I shall argue that the Sport for All ideal provides us with a normative proposal to achieve such a task since it embodies the basic spirit and ethical goals of our modern society. Moreover, connecting the promotion of dignity to the capabilities approach will allow us not just to use sport as a means for development, but also to provide us with specific criteria to evaluate the impact of sport in the wider society regarding the promotion of people‘s dignity.
EN
Freedom manifests itself in many areas of social life as a necessary development factor. In economics, freedom is key to ensuring the basic principles of trade and business. In politics, freedom is unfettered exchange of ideas and actions, leading to the best choices authority and directions of social change. Freedom is also necessary for human development, in which individuals realize their life goals and aspirations. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the impact of freedom on the main areas of social life. It turns out that freedom is a necessary factor of socio-economic development that mobilizes individuals to act. On the other hand, the comprehensive process of socioeconomic development is in essence a process of expanding freedom.
EN
This paper argues that values if they are sheering through collective discussion and communicative-pragmatic justification have been proved to be a capital of society which forms the foundation and horizon for its sustainable development. The concept of personal axiological competence as an ability to produce and interiorize share values on the basis of their critical reflection, critical selection and integration has been developed by taking into account the specifics of the world of values in the context of globalization. A role of higher education and dialogic education in its formation has been characterized.
EN
Philosophy is of historical and trans-cultural value, thus it is necessary and indispensable in the life of humans. The same applies on the field of educational upbringing. The article points to the relationships taking place in the personal development of man and philosophy. The matter is discussed in the light of objective philosophy (realistic) and subjective philosophy (postmodern). The latter claims that there are no objective, universal or rationally grounded theses. All is reduced to rational relativism and subjectivism. On these grounds the necessity of the personal development is non-existent; every deed or human behaviour is of the same value. Virtues and weaknesses are on the same level. Yet another approach to this vexed issue is presented by philosophy of realism, which claims the right and obligation of humans for development. This development presupposes natural and supernatural development. Human beings benefits from such development by reaching their individual perfection, achieving it by everyday work and according to their own inborn abilities. The struggle for self-development is a decisive factor. It can help the contemporary pedagogics see the need for forming humans themselves in the high-tech culture of today’s world. Taking into consideration the consequences of both the above mentioned philosophical trends, one should notice that the philosophy of realism - although it is thought to be old-fashioned and unpractical - cannot be discarded. This type of philosophy struggles for the real good of the man. Therefore, it should be taken into account when looking at human beings. One is not able to pursue a healthy human activity without sound philosophical principles.
PL
Prawo obejmuje 3 typowe obszary regulacji własności stanowiące o jej zakresie. Należą do nich fakty społeczne, wartości moralne oraz kluczowe pojęcia. Fakty społeczne odpowiadają za warstwę społeczną i uznają prawo lub określają jego istnienie. Wartości moralne, stanowiące obszar aksjologiczny prawa, decydują o jego treści i poszanowaniu dla prawa w oparciu o wiarę lub dumę. Polepszeniu polityki karnej służą sankcje pośrednie, oparte na ograniczeniu wolności, jak również opracowanie katalogu środków probacyjnych – sankcji karnych w oparciu o nadzór w zakresie ograniczenia wolności, związany z podejmowaniem zadań w środowisku życia społecznego i zawodowego.
EN
The law includes three standard spheres of the regulation of property determining its scope. These are: social facts, moral values and key concepts. Social facts determine the social layer and recognize the right or determine its existence. Moral values constituting the axiological sphere of law decide about its content material and respect for it, leaning on faith or pride. To improve the penal policy, we can use penalty intermediate-criminal sanctions based on restricting freedom, and develop a catalog of probation measures – criminal sanctions based on freedom supervision, associated with undertaking the tasks of social and professional life in the environment.
EN
The question of human nature has not been effectively addressed in our time be-cause of great skepticism in the academic and philosophical discourses about the idea of social progress and the validity of a common humanity. As a result the question has been reduced by neoliberalism, biopsychology, and social psychology to demonstrating the malleability of humans in response to hierarchical, biological, or social-conformist pressures. To recover the concept of human nature it will be necessary to reconceptual-ize the dynamic of human development as a feature of the modern and late modern achievements of a more evolved vision of individuality and community.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present some of the topics and some of the methodological problems of current psychological research regarding psychological development of personality in different cultures. The methodology section mentions the problems associated with the very concepts of culture and personality, the problematic claims to universality of evolutionary theories arising from the Euro-American environment as well as some of the proposed ways to study personality development in non-Western cultures without bias. It also gives some insight into various criticisms of the theory of evolution by stages as well as into some new research approaches proposed that aim to explain development, not only describe static states at different stages of development. The thematic section, after having briefly mentioned the main issues (eg. research on emotional, moral and spiritual development), focuses mainly on the concept of Self. It also presents an explanation of cultural differences in the concept of Self - the new model by C. Kagitcibaci: an autonomous - related Self, including socio-economic impact on the formation of this concept of Self.
CS
Cílem tohoto příspěvku je přednést některá témata a nastínit některé metodologické problémy současného psychologického výzkumu psychického vývoje osobnosti v různých kulturách. V části věnované některým úskalím metodologie zmiňuje článek otázku konceptualizace pojmů kultura a osobnost, problematičnost nároků na univerzálnost vývojových teorií vzniklých v euroamerickém prostředí a některé navrhované metodologické potupy, jak bez předpojatosti zkoumat vývoj osobnosti v nezápadních kulturách. Dále přibližuje různé kritiky stadiálních teorií vývoje a navrhované nové přístupy výzkumu, které mají vysvětlovat vývoj, ne pouze popisovat statické stavy v různých stádiích vývoje. V části věnované některým tématům výzkumu se kromě krátké zmínky o hlavních tématech (např. výzkum emocionálního, morálního a spirituálního vývoje) zaměřuje hlavně na pojetí Self a uvádí též současná vysvětlení kulturních rozdílů v pojetí Self, nový model C. Kagitcibaciové: autonomous-related Self, včetně socio-ekonomických vlivů na vznik tohoto pojetí Self.
EN
The livelihood approach aims at the analysis, understanding and restrictions that the poorest people have to face in order to recover from difficult situations. The Department for International Development model is applied to an urban zone with the purpose of making an assessment of the livelihood of the district ’la Comuna 1’ in Medellin, Colombia, which has been recognised as the poorest and one of the most dangerous districts of the city. The case study presents both a quantitative analysis (macro) and qualitative (micro) analysis, as a mixed method that allows a more complete analysis and understanding of livelihood, and providing a deeper understanding of the district from the livelihood approach. The results indicate a stable growth of livelihood during the period of analysis.
PL
W artykule sformułowano pytania o przyszłość praktyki edukacji dorosłych w Polsce: Czy obserwowane współcześnie trendy widoczne w polskiej edukacji dorosłych mają charakter epizodyczny w dziejach edukacji, czy też są egzemplifikacjami zmiany społecznego podejścia do jej funkcji i zadań? Czy może w przyszłości nastąpić powrót do postrzegania kwestii edukacji dorosłych w sposób holistycznie ujmujący rozwój człowieka i zaspokajanie jego różnorodnych potrzeb? Jakiego typu oferta edukacyjna będzie w stanie w pełni zaspokoić w przyszłości różnorodne potrzeby edukacyjne dorosłych i czy da się w tym zakresie wykorzystać wzorce edukacyjne z przeszłości? Odpowiadając pozytywnie na dwa pierwsze z nich autor szerzej próbuje sformułować odpowiedź na pytanie trzecie – ilustrując całość rozważań przywoływaniem oferty edukacyjnej sformułowanej w przeszłości w oparciu o koncepcję uniwersytetu ludowego. Całość kończy konkluzja o możliwości poszukiwania inspiracji dla współczesnej i przyszłej praktyki edukacyjnej także poprzez analizę i twórcze wykorzystanie sprawdzonych w dziejach edukacji dorosłych rozwiązań.
EN
The article contains questions concerning the future of adult education practices in Poland: are the presently observed trends in Polish adult education of episodic nature in the context of educational history or are they examples of social change towards adult education’s functions and task? Is it possible that future will bring back the holistic perception of human development and fostering human’s various needs? What kind of educational offer will be able to fulfil various educational needs of adults and will it be possible to use educational patterns from the past for this purpose? The author answers positively the first two questions and tries to find an answer to the third one by illustrating the discussion with examples of educational offer formulated in the past, based on folk high school conception. In the conclusion it is stated that it is possible to search for inspiration for present and future educational practice also by analysis and creative use of proven solutions from the past.
EN
The last 20 years of system transition in Poland witnessed a rapid human development of the country. The most important poles of the development were, of course, big cities, being the leaders of political, economic and cultural change. The civilisation development of urban areas may be observed in many dimensions, such as GDP per capita, access to knowledge or new technologies implemented inthe urban space. However, it may also be measured by changing citizens’ needs. The example of Wrocław shows that in the years 1997-2007 the hierarchy of the citizens’ expectations has changed significantly: the rank of the improvement of communication system has risen and the rank of the renovation of old buildings has dropped. These changes of opinion reflect the real situation ofthe city, because on one hand Wrocław becomes morę and morę attractive place to visit and on the other it experiences bigger and bigger transport difficulties. The similarity of citizens’ needs and the virtual problems of the city suggests that opinion about the city may be a useful measure of the human development of an urban area. It also remids that permanently unsatisfied needs of citizens may become an important obstacle in the civilisation development on a local level.
PL
Zachodzące w Polsce 20 lat temu przemiany ustrojowe pociągnęły za sobą szeroko rozumiany rozwój cywilizacyjny kraju. Najszybciej rozwijały się duże miasta, pełniąc rolę liderów przemian politycznych, gospodarczych i kulturowych. Postęp cywilizacyjny w miastach przejawia się na przykład poprzez rozwój ekonomiczny, wzrost poziomu zamożności ludności czy stosowanie nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych i architektonicznych w miejscach publicznych. W artykule postawiono tezę, że miernikiem owego postępu mogą być również zmieniające się potrzeby ludności. Przykład Wrocławia pokazuje, że w latach 1997-2007 hierarchia oczekiwań mieszkańców zmieniła się: wzrosło znaczenie potrzeb komunikacyjnych (remonty dróg, budowa obwodnic, poprawa komunikacji zbiorowej), a zmalała ranga problemów związanych z historyczną zabudową śródmiejską (remonty przedwojennych kamienic). Zmiany w opinii ludności odpowiadają rzeczywistej sytuacji miasta, które z jednej stronyjest coraz bardziej zadbane i atrakcyjne wizualnie, a z drugiej - doświadcza rosnących trudności transportowych. Zbieżność problemów wskazywanych przez mieszkańców z faktyczną kondycją Wrocławia dowodzi, że potrzeby ludności mogą być użyteczną miarą rozwoju cywilizacyjnego miasta. Pokazuje również, że długotrwale niezaspokojone oczekiwania mieszkańców mogą stać się istotną barierą w jego rozwoju cywilizacyjnym.
EN
This paper presents a summary of the methodology of computation and the use of the measure of human development in Poland. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepared a new measure for the Polish government. The Local Human Development Index was created on the basis of the existing Human Development Index and is used to measure human development at county and voivodeship level. The index is based on data available in the public statistics and administrative records. The article also examines the relationship between the territorial allocation of the cohesion policy funds, Operational Programme Human Capital and social spending and the level of human development. The effect of which is a confirmation of the hypothesis that funds under those public interventions are allocated in regions with lower levels of human development, but also a suggestion for a better strategy of cohesion funds allocation.
PL
W artykule prezentowane jest podsumowanie metodyki liczenia i wykorzystania miary rozwoju społecznego w Polsce. Program Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Rozwoju (UNDP) przygotował nową miarę dla polskiego rządu. Lokalny Wskaźnik Rozwoju Społecznego został stworzony na podstawie istniejącego Wskaźnika Rozwoju Społecznego i jest użyty do pomiaru rozwoju społecznego na poziomie powiatu i województwa. Wskaźnik bazuje na danych dostępnych w statystyce publicznej oraz rejestrach administracyjnych. W artykule badano zależność między terytorialną alokacją środków polityki spójności, Programu Operacyjnego Kapitał Ludzki oraz wydatków polityki społecznej z poziomem rozwoju społecznego. Efektem czego jest potwierdzenie hipotezy o wydawaniu środków, w ramach tych interwencji publicznych, do regionów o niższym poziomie rozwoju społecznego, ale także sugestia co do lepszej strategii wydawania środków z polityki spójności.
PL
Wandering, travelling from place to place and, using the theological language, pilgrimaging is part of human development. This article, focusing on pilgrimaging understood as a component of overall human development, discusses its selected areas, namely, cognitive, emotional, personality, social and spiritual.
PL
Standard życia społeczeństwa odgrywa specjalna i ważną rolę w koncepcji rozwoju społecznego. Można przyjąć, że im wyższy jest standard życia społeczeństwa, tym większe są szanse na rzeczywisty rozwój społeczeństwa. Standard życia wyraża pewien poziom zaspokojenia potrzeb społeczeństwa, gdyż żadne społeczeństwo nie jest w stanie zaspokoić wszystkich potrzeb własnych mieszkańców. Standardu życia nie można wyrazić za pomocą pojedynczych wskaźników, gdyż jest to pojęcie złożone uwzględniające zarówno aspekty jakościowe, jak i ilościowe. Standard życia zazwyczaj charakteryzuje się biorąc pod uwagę system wskaźników odnoszących się nie tylko do sfery makroekonomicznej, ale również mikroekonomicznej. Celem artykułu jest próba porównania standardu życia w Polsce i w Armenii. Obydwa kraje należały do dawnego bloku wschodniego, w którym dominowała gospodarka centralnie planowana i która odcisnęła również piętno na jakości życia społeczeństw. Po upadku systemu socjalistycznego, w obu krajach nastąpił zwrot w kierunku gospodarki kapitalistycznej i wejście na ścieżkę rozwoju.
EN
A population’s standard of living has a special and important place in the concept of human development. Ultimately, the higher the standard of living of a population, the greater the chance for real human development, other things being equal. The standard of living in its most general sense is nothing more than a certain level of satisfaction of the population’s needs because no society and no country is able to fully meet the needs of all people. The standard of living of a population cannot be expressed by any one indicator taking in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The standard of living of a population is characterized and reflected by a system of indicators in which there is a special significance for such indicators, such as the needs of households, real incomes, private consumption, and socio‑psychological satisfaction. However, in order to quantify exactly the level of standard of living, the degree of satisfaction of the needs, wealth, poverty and income stratification, as well as their causes, should be evaluated. They should be considered not only and not so much at the macroeconomic level (GDP, GNP, National Income, Consumption general fund, etc.) but also at the microeconomic level, by selecting a socioeconomic cell as an observation object, study its composition, the number of working persons in employment, and the ratio of workers, among others (Gevorgyan, Margaryan 1994, p. 52). The aim of this paper is to compare the standard of living in Poland and Armenia. Both countries belonged to the Eastern bloc with centrally planned economies, which had an enormous impact on the whole economic and social life in both countries.
EN
Sexuality is not our choice, it is a natural part of everyone’s life. Every person has the right to experience and develop their own sexuality, regardless of gender, age, sexual orientation or disability. In the case of people with intellectual disability, sexuality is a secondary sphere, displaced by the state of disability and rehabilitation. The article presents a thesis that the sexuality of a child with intellectual disability has been eliminated by the state of disability. Therefore, there is the phenomenon of “asexuality” of a child with intellectual disability. The study also describes the determinants of the development of sexuality of child with intellectual disability in the perspective of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development.
PL
Seksualność nie wynika z naszego wyboru, tylko jest naturalną częścią życia każdego człowieka. Każda jednostka ma prawo do przeżywania i rozwijania własnej seksualności, niezależnie od płci, wieku, orientacji seksualnej czy niepełnosprawności. W przypadku osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną seksualność jest sferą drugorzędną, wypieraną przez stan niepełnosprawności i rehabilitację. W artykule postawiono tezę, że seksualność dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną została wyeliminowana przez stan niepełnosprawności. Występuje w związku z tym zjawisko „bezpłciowości” dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. W opracowaniu opisano także uwarunkowania rozwoju seksualności dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w perspektywie bioekologicznego modelu rozwoju człowieka Urie Bronfenbrennera.
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