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1

Superhumans: Super-language?

100%
Penchev V.
Dialogue and Universalism
|
2016
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issue 1
79-89
EN
The paper questions the scientific rather than ideological problem of an eventual biological successor of the mankind. The concept of superhumans is usually linked to Nietzsche or to Heidegger’s criticism or even to the ideology of Nazism. However, the superhuman can be also viewed as that biological species who will originate from hu-mans eventually in the course of evolution. While the society is reached a natural limitation of globalism, technics depends on the amount of utilized energy, and the mind is restricted by its carrier, i.e. by the brain, it is language which seems to be the frontier of any future development of humans or superhumans. Language is a symbolization of the world and thus doubling in an ideal or virtual world fruitful for creativity and the modeling of the former. Consequently, the gap between the material and the ideal world is both produced by and productive for language.
2
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Przedstawienia grzybów psychoaktywnych w ewidencji archeologicznej i ich interpretacje

100%
Olbryś A.
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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2021
|
vol. 26
281-307
EN
There has been a debate regarding substances that cause altered states of consciousness (especially those of a psychedelic nature) that have been intrinsically linked to man since the dawn of time. The question of the beginning of the crystallization of human consciousness intrigues today’s researchers. American writer and ethnobotanist Terence McKenna tangled with such ideas, indeed one of his thoughts contributes to many controversial opinions and theories presented in this work. The stoned ape theory considers psilocybin, the active substance of entheogenic mushrooms, as an element that played an important role in the process of human evolution and contributed to the acceleration of human consciousness. The author of a title theory believes that psychoactive mushrooms, which might have been components of our ancestors’ diet, could also contributed to the development of language and religion. In this paper, an attempt will be made to subject the title theory to criticism with particular discussion of archaeological evidence.
3
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New Humanity of the Future and Its New Barriers of Otherness – Bruce Sterling’s Schismatrix as a Science Fiction Speculation on Trans/Posthuman Evolution

100%
Marszalski M.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2021
|
issue 14
247–256
EN
The possible future of mankind features prominently among SF topics. Despite a long record of failures, like unsuccessful grappling with the scourge of war, present day humanity has come a long way to assume a degree of unity it has never enjoyed before. The process of globalization has its anti-globalist opponents, but its idealistic aim is a better world without racial, social, economic and in some areas even national barriers separating people. This picture of multiracial, multicultural but otherwise ontologically uniform humanity amounts to a vision of a sentient species that is close to achieving its mature form. However, what may look like the final stop of our journey is treated by both the advocates (e.g. Ray Kurzweil) and critics (e.g. Fukuyama) of humanity’s trans/posthuman development as the beginning of a new stage of our existence. A question arises if the new paths of evolution involve a danger that humans will fall victim to a policy of metaphysical laissez faire that will put the race’s unity and continuity in jeopardy. Will the old walls of racial prejudice and social inequality between people that we have striven to break down be replaced by new ones? The objective of this paper is to use Bruce Sterling’s Shaper/Mechanist universe as a literary illustration of the new barriers that the prospective trans/posthumanity may have to face and seek to surmount or leave behind.
4
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Ewolucja człowieka jako seria dodatnich sprzężeń zwrotnych

81%
Kozłowski J.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2018
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issue 65
PL
Perhaps in last few centuries not any big theory has resulted in so much opposition as Darwinian theory of evolution. Within this theory, claim that Homo sapiens evolved from animal ancestors, namely apes, is undoubtedly the most controversial issue. Long tradition of teaching by Church that a pair of first people was created in short time in Eden Garden is in contradiction to discoveries of biology, including paleontology. If God exists, which is not the research subject of science, he created human beings by a long process of biological Darwinian evolution followed by shorter process of non-Darwinian cultural evolution. Biologist must treat Homo sapiens as just one more species with long phylogeny, albeit special species characterized by brains of enormous size, with well-developed neocortex and very special mental traits being the consequence of such brain. The paper considers selection forces toward increase of this extremely expensive organ, draining at least 20% of energy. The main idea is that a series of positive feedbacks were responsible for the development of brain, correlated increase of intelligence and development of culture. Although no great breakthrough is required for such mode of evolution, energetic constrain limiting brain size was present through large part of our evolution, which was first broken by using primitive tools for cutting meat and grinding down seeds, then by thermal processing of food. The new constrain on skull size, and correlated brain size, that is the danger of death of both mother and child during childbirth, has been partly relieved by shifting large part of brain development to postnatal period. Resulting very long childhood was a prerequisite to cultural development of our species.
5
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Cyberpsychologia czy psychologia cybernetyki?

72%
Kupniewski M. H.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura
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2018
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issue 10(4) "Cyberpsychologia. Nowe strategie badania mediów i ich użytkowników"
19-26
PL
Ewolucja człowieka to ewolucja jego mózgu. Wykształcenie się umysłu pozwoliło na rozwój nauki i tworzenie wynalazków, które wpłynęły na samą ewolucję. Co więcej, rozwój techniki sprawił, że zachodzi integracja człowieka z maszyną. Wymaga to już integracji wiedzy z różnych gałęzi nauki. Rozwój techniki powinien uwzględniać sytuacje, kiedy może to być wpływ dwukierunkowy o skutkach niespodziewanych. Być może to jest jedno z największych wyzwań psychologii XXI wieku.
EN
Evolution of the human is evolution of it’s brain. This development made possible the fact that is called evolution of the machine. This evolution requires integration of knowledge from different fields. Nowadays, the technique allows the integration of man and machine. Progress gives chance of bidirectional influence between machines and humans. It must be changed in future. Engineers have to begin a multi-level discussion on technology issues that are difficult to avoid in the near future, including artificial intelligence issues. Thus, at the design stage, the engineer has to take possibility of bilateral interaction.
6
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Genetic assimilation in the evolution of hominin neuroplasticity

58%
do Valle Miranda L.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
|
2019
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vol. 17
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issue 2
59-71
PL
Odkrycie i popularyzacja badań różnych procesów ewolucyjnych poza obecnymi ramami ewolucyjnymi zapewniają naukowcom reprezentującym różne dyscypliny wiedzy nowe narzędzia do osiągania postępu na polu ich własnych dyscyplin. W niniejszym opracowaniu przebadano jaką rolę mogła odegrać asymilacja genetyczna w ewolucji człowieka, a dokładniej w ewolucji naszego mózgu. Wyniki wskazują, że ewolucja ludzkiego mózgu w zakresie neuroplastyczności przystaje do kontekstu asymilacji genetycznej. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania w zakresie genomiki porównawczej, by w pełni zrozumieć zmiany ewolucyjne, jakie dokonały się na poziomie genetycznym.
EN
The discovery and popularisation of the study of different evolutionary processes outside the current evolutionary framework provide researchers of different areas with new tools to make progress in their field. In this work, I explored how genetic assimilation may have played a role in human evolution, more specifically the evolution of our brains. The results indicate that human brain evolution concerning neuroplasticity fits within a context of genetic assimilation. However, further studies in comparative genomics and neurogenetics are needed to fully understand how the evolutionary changes happened at the genetic level.
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