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New Forms of Public Administration Activity in Poland after 1989 as an Attempt of Realization Current Social Demands

100%
Bieś-Srokosz P.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2019
|
vol. 2 (48)
222-231
EN
The deep changes in Polish legal system and economy that took place after 1989 contributed to the emergence of new challenges for public administration. The legislator, in order to satisfy growing numbers of social demands, appointed new tasks and created a new legal form of action for public administration entities. However, not every of the new forms were fitted to classically understood administrative law. Part of this new forms at the same time combines some features characteristic for administrative law as well as typical for civil law, which gives them untypical (hybrid) character. As an example, there can be mentioned: civil law contracts with so called “overlays” (obligatory additional conditions) imposed by certain legal acts as well as administrative settlements and administrative contracts. The aim of this article is to analyze those hybrid forms of action of public administration entities in terms of implementation the objectives of regulation set by the legislator.
2

Dokument – fikcja – realizm. Teoria wobec praktyki

100%
Hendrykowski M.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
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2011
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issue 75-76
86-108
EN
The author defends the notion of two opposing types of film: documentary and fiction film. He is aware of the fact that the scope of those types of films overlap, and the viewer often has to deal with hybrid forms, and yet Hendrykowski considers this duality to be part of cinema itself. Films based on facts and films based on fiction fill the entire genological space of the cinema, co-creating – from the very beginnings of cinematography up till now, the foundation and code for the reception of each and every means of communication through moving image. However, one has to keep in mind that both types are necessary for the existence of each other and are continually renewed through mutual dialectic dialogue. Hendrykowski proposes a different approach to the study of the relationship between the documentary aspect and fiction in film – he believes that descriptive studies of the poetics of film work conducted with the type and genre of the film in mind should have its equivalent in the complementary studies of historical poetics. The genology of film must not be limited only to the synchronic perspective, but must also include the diachronic one. Films based on facts and fiction films are concepts of variable extent. In different historical periods they may mean something else. Various ties between document and fiction on screen are not based on an imposed doctrine. The relationship between them is dynamic and constantly evolving. The only constant is the polar opposition between them that occurs in the process of communication. Hendrykowski examines various models of the relationship between these types of films, and offers new tools and concepts useful for their analysis.
3
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Lemmata w staropolskich konstrukcjach stemmatycznych jako przejaw hybrydyzacji gatunkowej

75%
Czarski B.
Terminus
|
2012
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vol. 14
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issue 25
157-178
EN
One of the most popular panegyrical forms in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was the so-called “stemmata”. Similar to emblems, these visual works consisted of an illustrated coat of arms and an epigram, often attached to the front matter of printed texts during the Old-Polish Period. This article discusses select cases in which, influenced by emblems, lemma are incorporated into the stemmas structure. The text explains how the lemma is introduced to the stemma and how it affects stemmas meaning. Particular attention has been paid to cases in which mottos are treated as the title of a combination of a coat of arms and a poem. The text also analyzes “academic stemmata”, a sub-genre of a heraldic poems that consists of several features characteristic of emblems. The presence of lemma in the structure of stemmata is recognized as the consequence of a trend to liven up this visual form. Making the emblem more attractive was a way to draw the attention of readers, increasing the producer chance of communicating a panegyrical message. Not only the authors of stemma, but also their powerful patrons came to require this effect. The presence of lemma in the structure of heraldic poems also relates to the role of mottos in the Jesuit educational system. Mottos and verba aurea were treated by teachers from Societas Iesu as a very useful medium for presenting moral and parenetic subjects and it was fairly easy for authors of stemmata to use them for panegyric purposes. The lemmas role within the stemmas structure was twofold; it created a special connection between the stemma and the main text and simultaneously linked the fictional word of literature with the real one. The popularity of “classic stemmata” in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to the creation and popularization of other hybrid forms composed of a coat of arms and other textual elements.
4

Nazwiska współcześnie w Polsce używane z ruskim dub- i polskim dąb- // dęb-. Studium porównawcze)

63%
Makarski W.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2010
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vol. 21
99-128
EN
The article includes a linguistic analysis: semantic and formal (morphological and phonetic-graphic) of nearly 330 surnames of Russian origin and more than 370 Polish surnames, which have been formed on the basis of the Ukrainian, Belorussian and Russian root dub- and Polish dąb- // dęb- (“oak”), excerpted from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych (“The Dictionary of Surnames Contemporarily Used in Poland”) from the years 1992-1994. The analysis showed qualitative and quantitative similarities and differences between those two anthroponomasticons and their mutual interferences. They are especially visible in the process of Polonization of Russian surnames, set in a broader context of Polish enculturation of Russian residents in historical Poland. Semantic and formal richness of both anthroponymic families with the root dąb (“oak”) confirmed an important position of dąb in Russian languages as well as in Polish, reflecting the meaning of this tree in the economic and cultural life of man.
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