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EN
The peak moment of crisis in the Soviet Union was its official dissolution in the end of 1991. All former Soviet republics were forced to face serious challenges in social and political development. The phenomena of post-communist transformation is a field of broad investigations. The article examines main common trends in the development of political systems in the post-Soviet countries. The author concludes that former USSR republics have passed period of transformation and established political regimes of a new type. It confirms a thesis about possibility of transformation of undemocratic regime into another undemocratic. Drawing prospects to further development of post-Soviet political systems, the author suggests two scenarios: “turbulent democratization” and “authoritarian remake”.
EN
The topic of hybrid regimes has always provoked heated debate. This article contributes to it by analyzing five principal writings on this subject. The fi rst one, ‘Competitive Authoritarianism’ by Levitsky and Way, is a groundbreaking contribution in terms of providing an explanation of the stability of this specific type of political regime. The other four books represent newer contributions on this topic. Two of them are quantitative and focus on elections in competitive authoritarian regimes. In their work ‘Defeating Dictators’, Bunce and Wolchick explain causes for certain electoral outcomes in hybrid regimes, but their contribution is based on a strictly qualitative perspective. The remaining books adopt a more critical view by bringing interesting insights from a research in contemporary Africa. Although all books reviewed in this article offer interesting contributions to the discussion about hybrid regimes, some important shortcomings and opportunities remain for future research. Besides conceptual problems, the existing research about hybrid regimes is based mainly on large-N comparative studies employing statistical methods or qualitative research based primary on a smaller number of cases. What we need is more research based on intermediate-N design and also increased range of methods, but mainly on a qualitative comparative or qualitative contextual analysis. New methodological approaches to the study of hybrid regimes can bring new explanations about the dynamics in hybrid regimes. Intermediate-N research perspective can also contribute to the large theoretical discussion about hybrid regimes with a broader spectrum of midrange theories and concepts which can be more suitable for analysis of many of the contemporary cases.
EN
Approaches of researchers from the West and the East were initially based on the transition towards democracy. These models proved unsatisfactory because it was not clear about defi ning democracy and its targeted form. The theoretical frameworks failed to describe the political reality of the post-Soviet states. With the turn of the millennium, approaches have emerged, called political regimes, with adjectives, whether democratic or authoritarian. These models were able to better describe the political reality of ambiguous political regimes, especially in the post-Soviet area, over the transition. The fundamental reassessment was brought by models of sultanism and neopatrimonialism. The text follows the development of the scientific debate on political regimes in the post-soviet area. By addressing the characteristics of democracy and configuration approaches, emphasis is placed on neopatrimonial concepts.
PL
Artykuł porusza zagadnienia analizy teoretycznych i metodologicznych podstaw badań nad reżimami hybrydalnymi znajdującymi się między demokracją a autorytaryzmem. Autorka stawia pytanie, w jakim stopniu kategoria alternacji władzy może być użyteczna dla prowadzenia badań nad reżimami hybrydalnymi. Rozstrzygając postawiony we wstępie problem badawczy autorka doszła do wniosku, że aplikacyjność kategorii alternacji władzy badaniach nad reżimami hybrydalnymi jest w pełni potwierdzona.
EN
This paper attempts to analyze the theoretical and methodological bases of studies on “hybrid regimes”, forms of government lingering on the verge of democracy and authoritarianism. The author tackles the issue, in how far the category” alternation in power” may be applicable and useful in the study of hybrid regimes. Having successfully dealt with the scientific problem as presented in the introduction, the author concludes that the applicability of the category “alternation in power” in studies on hybrid regimes has fully been demonstrated.
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