Search results

1

Geneza i oddziaływanie nurtu transcendentalnego w filozofii

100%

Rosiak M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2020

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vol. 48

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issue 1-2

109-126

EN

The paper contains a systematic exposition of those philosophical issues, starting from Cartesian metaphysics, which led to the formulation of Kant's transcendental philosophy, and then to the development of Husserl’s transcendental idealism further down the line. Certain efforts at avoiding the conclusions of transcendental reflection are also discussed, as well as the contemporary continuations and developments of the transcendental method.

2

Problem realizmu w polskiej myśli politycznej na uchodźstwie po II wojnie światowej - pytania i tezy

80%

Kornat M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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issue 3(25)

113-146

EN

The study is devoted on the problem of political realism in Polish political thought in exile after World War II (1945‑1989). The author concludes that the categories of “political realism” and “political idealism” are generally inadequate to the history of Polish political thought. There is rather difficult to find the “political realism” or “political idealism” in a clear substantial phenomenon. Very often, political ideas incorporate idealism and realism. Realist analysis of the realities could lead to a moral capitulation under the conviction that the change of the conditions is impossible. Sometimes it permit to keep the “idealist” aims but also avoiding the hopeless decisions (insurrections). Obviously, a future restoration of Polish independence after Yalta required a great geopolitical revolution in Europe. Poles had no means to achieve this aim acting in isolation. They also had no idea to reconcile themselves with the realities of Soviet domination. Polish political thought after Yalta was an exercise in resolving the impossible questions. The most prominent Polish political writer in exile Juliusz Mieroszewski argued that the categories of “realism” and “idealism” are changing in history. Their real sense depends on geopolitical constellation of a given nation in a given time. A perfect policy is idealist in the sphere of aims and realist in the domain of methods as Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski thought. Political thinkers of Polish emigration tried to reconsider the lesson of the past – especially from the tragedy of Warsaw Uprising of 1944 – and not to permit for a new insurrection in 1956. Significant internal autonomy of the Polish People’s Republic after 1956 was considered not as a final achievement but only an “stage” on the rather long way to future independence. Mieroszewski’s „evolutionism” was not a sort of reconciliation with the communist order and the dependence on the USSR but a conception based on the conviction that only the internal changes inside the communist regime could bring the real progress in the fight for independence.

3

The Problem of Realism in Andrzej Półtawski’s Phenomenology

61%

Piekarski M.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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issue 3

151-161

EN

The paper analyzes elements of Andrzej Półtawski’s (Roman Ingarden’s student) realistic position within phenomenology. His views are centred on embodied, dynami-cally understood consciousness.

4

Zadania filozofii postneokantowskiej w interpretacji José Ortegi y Gasseta

61%

Leszczyna D.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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issue 4(26)

51-60

XX

The aim of the paper is to characterize the neo-Kantian and post-neo-Kantian philosophy by José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955). Ortega studied at the University of Marburg under the care of Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp. He attended the lectures, together with Nicolai Hartmann, Paul Scheffer and Heinz Heimsoeth. A group of his comrades from Marburg he called “Generation 1911.” Representatives of “Generations 1911,” although formed in a closed, neo-Kantian fortress, created their own philosophical and original workshop. The characteristics of the philosophy of “Generation 1911,” Ortega presented in his work Prólogo para alemanes, pointing at the same time on the tasks and goals that can be reduced to three basics: practicing philosophy in a systematic way, the rebirth of ontological reflection and overcoming of idealism.

5

Spinoza, Enlightenment, and Classical German Philosophy

61%

Gardner S.

Diametros

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2014

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issue 40

22-44

EN

This paper offers a critical discussion of Jonathan Israel’s thesis that the political and moral ideas and values which define liberal democratic modernity should be regarded as the legacy of the Radical Enlightenment and thus as deriving from Spinoza. What I take issue with is not Israel’s map of the actual historical lines of intellectual descent of ideas and account of their social and political impact, but the accompanying conceptual claim, that Spinozism as filtrated by the naturalistic wing of eighteenth-century French thought, is conceptually sufficient for the ideology of modernity. The post-Kantian idealist development, I argue, qualifies as radical, and hinges on Spinoza, but its construal of Spinoza does not fit Israel’s thesis, and reflects an appreciation of the limitations, for the purpose of creating a rational modernity, of the naturalistic standpoint represented by thinkers such as d’Holbach.

6

La traduction et le fascisme : quelques réflexions à partir des théories de Croce et Gentile

61%

Agostini-Ouafi V.

Translationes

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

28-45

EN

This paper focuses on the vitality of the translation market in fascist Italy, despite the censorship affecting primarily Gramsci as a translator and theorist of translation, and, starting from the 1920 polemic between the idealist philosophers Croce and Gentile, it studies the theories emerging between the two world wars. The anti-fascist Croce denies the possibility of translating in the name of an aristocratic and romantic idea of art, and thus pushes critics in his camp, such as Debenedetti, to resort to different paths. Although Gentile claims to embody the fascist intellectual, his view on art is in contradiction with his view on power: subjective deconstruction and state authoritarianism, interpretive freedom and ideological violence coexist to the point where his reflections on translation get absurdly close to Benjamin’s.

7

Weber’s Protestant Ethic Thesis in Five Steps

61%

Chriss J. J.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2019

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issue 20

51-65

EN

As a result of many years of reading about and teaching Max Weber’s famous Protestant Ethic thesis, I have developed an approach to covering this material in both my undergraduate and graduate theory courses which has been beneficial to students and has helped them make sense of the rather complex argument developed by Weber. I provide a working model of all such scholarly inquires geared off the Science Triad, culminating in a five-step approach to organizing and explaining the Weber thesis. In addition, I provide an annotated bibliography of selected scholarly ruminations on Weber’s work in general and the Protestant Ethic thesis in particular.

8

Filozofować z głębi człowieczeństwa. O fenomenologii Andrzeja Półtawskiego

61%

Lisak A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2020

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vol. 48

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issue 1-2

23-50

EN

Półtawski, while criticizing the tradition of modern empiricism and Cartesian dualism, creates a realistic and dynamic interpretation of the human being. Experience, sense impression, is neither an inferior variant of cognition nor simply an operation of providing mere elements or building blocks, but a distinct mode of being in the world, of symbiotic contact with the surroundings, a form of life. He radically parts ways with a Brentanian-Husserlian approach to the consciousness as a set of acts, not as a body of content. Półtawski contrasts this model with his model of noematic phenomenology. We are unable to perceive how noemats (the content of consciousness) are created, since this is not the work of consciousness alone, neither at the level of sensory experience, where the world is already primordially “given” as if “from below”, nor at the higher plane of conscious functioning in the world, where the world (model of the world) is already given as if “from above”. The model of the world is not to be found in the currently present consciousness, but rather behind the scenes, making possible the human conscient being in the world. An ontology elaborated on the ground of the simplest mode of human existence, i.e. one which reduces being human to perception, is unable to truly grasp and understand the realness of the world in general, and the realness of values in particular. Only a holistic and dynamic conception of man can do justice to the crucial role of values, and it is sought by Półtawski in his confrontation with the views of Ingarden, Strasser and Wojtyła.

9

Locke’s Reading of Herbert’s De Veritate and His Critique of Common Notions

61%

Grzeliński A.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2016

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issue 2(112)

194-207

EN

The paper reconstructs John Locke’s critique of Edward Herbert’s conception of common notions presented in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). Though aimed at the epistemological significance of the term, the critique seems to miss the point, since due to the Platonic character of Herbert’s philosophy, the notions have also a metaphysical and religious significance overlooked by Locke. Thus the attack is justified only in part: for Herbert, the rationality of nature is understood as an ideal and not as a certain historic state of affairs, as Locke seems to suggest. It is an interesting feature of the discussion, that both the common notions and their critique is aimed at justification of religious rationality. The difference between both philosophers seems to have its roots in different understanding of knowledge. For Herbert it relates to an ideal, conceptual structure of reality, whereas for Locke it culminates in natural histories of cumulative character.

10

Tadeusza Klimskiego realistyczna interpretacja problemu jedności

61%

Andrzejuk A.

Rocznik Tomistyczny

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2013

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vol. 2

19-27

EN

Tadeusz Klimski devoted to the problem of unity dissertation, entitled “One and being. Analysis of the realistic concepts (Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, modern Thomists)”, published in 1992. The paper characterises idealist philosophy in exposures and explanations of representatives of realism. It indicates the field of further considerations: Aristotle’s account which is determined by views of the pre–Socratics, and above all Plato, philosophical views of Thomas Aquinas, alluding to discussion with the Arabic philosophers, especially Avicenna, and often relating to the horizon designated by revelation and needs of interpreting it by theology, recognition of contemporary Thomists of various trends, the only realistic trend in contemporary philosophy. Even more interesting is placing the issues of unity in the problematic context. Tadeusz Klimski believed that the problematic field is twofold, and its starting point is epistemology: 1) platonic idealism, which leads (even if it is against Plato himself) to monism, where unity is seen as the first and fundamental philosophical problem — here unity is associated with the entire cosmos, today as well as in the in the materialistic or spiritualistic version. 2) Aristotelian realism leads to pluralism in the theory of being, in which philosophers–realists try to interpret the unity — unity here is associated with individual being. While formulating his standpoint, Tadeusz Klimski refers to Mieczyslaw Gogacz’s account, that unity is called the power of the act of existence to actualizing the real essence of being. Unity, therefore, is manifested in the whole being, but the act of existence is its source. This view is consistent Thomistic, specifying the relationship of unity with the existence of individual being. This view can be a good basis to consider the role of unity in cognition, the role of unity in action or various forms of social unity.

11

Schopenhauerowska koncepcja motywacji a jedność ludzkiej podmiotowości w świetle rozprawy „O wolności ludzkiej woli”

61%

Ustyniak I.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 1

58-77

EN

In the following article I am going to present the detailed analysis of the concept of motivation in philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. It will be particularly important for me to present this concept in relation to the problem of identity of two aspects of human subject: cognitive and volitional. Moreover I will show that there are at least several important problems and obscurities connected with Shopenhauer’s standpoint even though his concept of action is unquestionably close to our “natural” and “common sense” beliefs.

12

On the Foundational Compatibility of Phenomenology and Thomism

61%

Wagner D. C.

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2021

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vol. 10

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issue 3

579-607

EN

Jacques Maritain criticized Husserl’s phenomenological method—the ἔποχή—as being incompatible with the realism of St. Thomas Aquinas. Maritain equated phenomenology with idealism, holding that it universally negates the existence of known objects as things in the world. Not surprisingly, then, a tendency has arisen in the thought of Thomists commenting on Karol Wojtyła’s phenomenological-Thomism to distance Wojtyła’s method from that of Husserl. However, since Wojtyła himself saw fit to appropriate the phenomenological method, Thomists will do well to reevaluate Husserl’s ἔποχή. This study shows that Husserl’s phenomenology is formulated as an Aristotelian science, consciously presupposing the existence of its subject matter and not universally negating the existence of known objects as things in the world. The ἔποχή, thus, is compatible with the realism of the Angelic Doctor, and the phenomenological-Thomism of Karol Wojtyła stands on firm realist ground.

13

Realizm filozoficzny w ujęciu Étienne Gilsona

61%

Kunat N.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 3

365-379

EN

This paper attempts to analyze realist philosophy as the way of knowing reality in the thought of Étienne Gilson. The French Philosopher was a defender of philosophical realism who rationally justified the thesis about knowing things existing in the world independently of the knowing subject. Philosophical inquiry, carried out in a realist way, should start with the being which really exists. The basic philosophical method aims to rationally understand reality as well as explain the multifaceted cognition of reality. Gilson’s contribution to the development of philosophical realism includes the promotion of a realist philosophical awareness and the opposition to idealistic philosophies (Cartesianism, Kantianism).

14

THE PRINCIPAL ASSIGNMENT OF PHILOSOPHY IN CULTURE

61%

Tarasiewicz P., Kobyłecki J.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2012

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vol. 1

133-146

EN

The following article is focused on the question of the primary task of philosophy in culture. The problem of philosophy itself is the starting point here. The author observes a chronic discord among philosophers on what philosophy is that undermines the identity of the afore-mentioned as well as disables it from determining its tasks in the culture. Thus, he attempts to determine the nature of philosophy indirectly. The author indicates what philosophy is not and has never been from its beginning, and can not be if it be itself. According to the author, myth is an effective negative criterion with which to determine the true character of philosophy. Philosophy’s aspiration to emancipate itself from myth’s influence justifies the effort to search the foundation of philosophy in contradistinction from myth, and enabling a determination of philosophy directly by indicating its constitutive factors. To philosophize is to know things as they are in the real world, or as they are related to the real world. A reflection on philosophy is not only possible, but also necessary. Since philosophy is part of human culture, the author concludes that the primary task of philosophy in culture consists in justifying the identity of philosophy as such.

15

Miesto nášho veku v histórii civilizácie (Ch.S. Peirce a jeho filozofická diagnóza súčasnosti)

51%

Mihina F.

ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich

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2012

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issue 12

21-34

EN

The author takes up the question of the forms of the development of our civilisation. He analyses Peirce‘s philosophic debut from 1863 – „The Place of Our Age in the History of Civilisation“. Here he argued for the need of scientific orientation toward philosophy that would overcome the deficiencies of idealism on the one hand and materialism on the other. Acording to Peirce, materialism and idealism both err but opposite ways. Materialism fails on the side of incompleteness, idealism always presents a systematic totality, but it must always have some vagueness and thus lead to error. But if materialism without idealism is blind, idealism without materialism is void.

PL

Autor podejmuje kwestię form rozwoju cywilizacji europejskiej. Analizuje debiut filozoficzny Ch.S. Peirce’a z 1863 roku – The Place of Our Age in the History of Civilisation (Miejsce naszego wieku w historii cywilizacji). Ch.S. Peirce argumentował potrzebę unaukowienia filozofii, co mogłoby pozwolić na prze-zwyciężenie słabości idealizmu z jednej strony i materializmu z drugiej. Według Peirce’a, zarówno materializm, jak i idealizm błądzą lecz w odmienny sposób. Materializm grzęźnie w niekompletności, idealizm zaś zawsze prezentuje systema-tyczną całość lecz kosztem pewnej ogólnikowości, co również jest błędem. Skoro jednak materializm bez idealizmu jest ślepy, to idealizm bez materializmu jest pusty.

16

Filozoficzny spór o przedmiot poznania, a koncepcja poznania duchów czystych w wykładzie angelologii św. Tomasza z Akwinu

51%

Dutkiewicz T.

Studia Gdańskie

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2016

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issue 39

151-164

PL

W filozoficznym sporze o właściwy człowiekowi przedmiot poznania wskazać można dwa najważniejsze stanowiska: idealistyczne, w myśl którego - wobec zawodności danych zmysłowych - punktem wyjścia refleksji filozoficznej należy uczynić, tak czy inaczej pojmowane, idee; oraz realistyczne, uznające wartość poznania zmysłowego, które jako jedyne umożliwia człowiekowi kontakt z rzeczywistością, a także podstawę dla poznania intelektualnego. Idealistyczny punkt wyjścia filozofii pozostaje w ścisłym związku z antropologiczną redukcją, w wyniku której człowiek ujmowany jest jako swego rodzaju byt świadomości, „czysty duch” poznający. Tego typu spirytualizm odcisnął swoje piętno także na myśli chrześcijańskiej, która przez wiele wieków pozostawała pod przemożnym wpływem platonizmu. Św. Tomasz z Akwinu, który – nawiązując do filozofii arystotelesowskiej – kreśli personalistyczną wizję człowieka jako transcendującej świat materialny, duchowo-cielesnej jedności, wiele uwagi poświęca problematyce angelologicznej, chcąc wskazać na istotne różnice, zachodzące pomiędzy naturą ludzką oraz naturą czystych inteligencji, jakimi są aniołowie. Różnice te w szczególności dotyczą ludzkiego i anielskiego poznania, w wielu jego aspektach. Teoriopoznawcze ujęcia, jakie od czasu Platona i Arystotelesa wypracowano w filozoficznym sporze o przedmiot poznania, okazały się przydatnymi dla wyjaśnienia sposobu pozyskiwania wiedzy, odpowiadającemu naturom – anielskiej i ludzkiej. O ile bowiem to drugie uwikłane jest zawsze w materię i skazane na pozyskiwanie w punkcie wyjścia zmysłowych danych, o tyle dla pierwszego – pozbawionego w naturalny sposób możliwości percepcji zmysłowej – jedynym możliwym punktem wyjścia pozostaje kontemplacja wrodzonych idei.

EN

In the philosophical dispute over the subject of cognition appropriate for man it is possible to identify the two most important positions, namely the idealistic stance, according to which ideas, understood one way or another, should be a point of departure for philosophical reflection due to the fallibility of sense data; and the realistic position which acknowledges the value of sensory cognition as it is the only kind that enables man to have contact with reality, as well as being the basis for intellectual cognition. The idealistic point of departure for philosophy remains intrinsically linked with the anthropological reduction by which man is conceived as a certain form of conscious being, a cognizing “pure spirit.” This type of spiritualism left its mark on Christian thought, which for centuries has remained greatly under the influence of Platonism. St. Thomas Aquinas, referring to Aristotelian philosophy, presents a personalistic vision of man as a spiritual and corporeal unity transcending the material world. Aquinas devotes much attention to angelology, trying to indicate essential differences between human nature and the nature of pure intelligences, namely angels. These differences refer, in particular, to many aspects of human and angelic cognition. Epistemological concepts in the philosophical dispute over the subject of cognition which have been developed since the times of Plato and Aristotle appeared to be helpful in explaining the way of gaining knowledge in reference to angelic and human nature. As the latter is always entangled in matter, the former, naturally devoid of sensory perception, is left to contemplate innate ideas.

17

Obiektywność w prawie – podejście instytucjonalne jako alternatywa dla dominujących stanowisk teoretycznych

51%

Pichlak M.

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

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2014

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vol. 2(9)

108-124

PL

The aim of the paper is to establish a theoretical elaboration of objectivity in law which would conform exiting linguistic practices in the legal field. It starts from a brief characterization of legal practice in this respect which allows for an exposure of semantic complexity of the term ‘objectivity’ in law. The term is said to take two basic meanings: objectivity as a fact and objectivity as a moral ideal. On this ground requirements towards a reliable theory of legal objectivity are defined: such a theory should not only make o room for both distinct meanings of legal objectivity, but also should consider their mutual relations. These requirements stemming from existing linguistic practice serve as criteria for examination of up to date theoretical concepts of objectivity. The paper discusses realistic, conventionalist, and idealistic theories of objectivity in law subsequently and exposes shortcomings of each of these. Eventually, key assumptions of an institutional theory of objectivity are presented which is claimed to offer a plausible understanding of objectivity in law in both its factual and ideal aspects.

18

Shamballa - A short essay on the relationship between the city, the world and the expansion of consciousness.

51%

Crimi D. C.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2020

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issue 22

141-154

EN

Starting from the images of the myth of the city of Shamballa, this essay intends to examine its sources and above all the power of vision which, by combining different exegetical lines, ends up assuming complete existential indifference with respect to the traditions of extraction. From this change of perspective derives a different vision of reality, a “today” gifted by instantaneous knowledge and simultaneous communication have become realities that prove more advanced than our actual progress in terms of awareness. The city manifests itself in this light in its ontological component, as a breeding ground for souls. This function, so simple and intuitive, is however far from being realized, so much so that we have to declare that we need an intellectual awakening, a liberation from oppression, both of religions and capitalism, that the ecological symptoms make us understand more and more clearly as a condition that can no longer be postponed and for which a spiritual and non-violent struggle must be fought, the only one that can lead to an effective and lasting expansion of consciousness, such as to assume the density, strength and substance of an idea of cosmopolitan, universal citizenship.

19

Amerykanin i Polak w Paryżu (Henry James – Bolesław Prus)

51%

Paczoska E.

Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej

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2015

|

issue 21: Sztuka tracenia, sztuka rezygnacji. Samoograniczenie i autocenzura

222-234

EN

The article proposes a comparative reading of two novels: "American" of Henry James and "The Doll" of Bolesław Prus. The author argues that James’ novel published in Polish in 1878 could become an inspiration for Prus. The circle of problems of "American" and "The Doll" is focused around similar themes: the identity of a modern man and the patterns of masculinity and femininity. Both novelists show a mechanism of creation for idealistic fantasies.

20

Nieznany list Aleksieja Tołstoja do Gustawa Zielińskiego

51%

Wiśniewski B.

Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

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2022

|

issue 1(270)

3-6

EN

The article contains the original French and Polish translation of a letter from Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817–1875) to Gustaw Zieliński (1809–1881). The manuscript is kept in the Archives of Płock Scientific Society. It has not been published yet. This text is a testimony to the meeting of writers on a journey, A. Tolstoy’s favorable opinion of the poetry of G. Zieliński and the ideological proximity between them. They both observed with concern the materialistic and nihilistic trends, which grew in popularity in the second half of of the 19th century. A. Tolstoy firmly believed in the survival of the „beautiful ideas” (Christian ethics and romantic idealism), keeping up the spirits of his recent travel companion.

PL

Artykuł zawiera francuskojęzyczny oryginał i polskie tłumaczenie listu Aleksieja Tołstoja (1817–1875) do Gustawa Zielińskiego (1809–1881). Rękopis przechowywany w Archiwum TNP nie był dotychczas publikowany. Jest świadectwem spotkania pisarzy w podróży, przychylnej opinii A. Tołstoja o poezjach właściciela Skępego i ich pokrewieństwie ideowym. Obaj obserwowali z niepokojem zyskujące popularność w drugiej połowie XIX w. prądy materialistyczne i nihilistyczne. W przetrwanie bliskich pisarzom „pięknych idei” (chrześcijańskiej etyki i romantycznego idealizmu) mocno wierzył właściciel Krasnego Rogu, podtrzymując na duchu niedawnego towarzysza podróży.

Refine search results

Geneza i oddziaływanie nurtu transcendentalnego w filozofii

Problem realizmu w polskiej myśli politycznej na uchodźstwie po II wojnie światowej - pytania i tezy

The Problem of Realism in Andrzej Półtawski’s Phenomenology

Zadania filozofii postneokantowskiej w interpretacji José Ortegi y Gasseta

Spinoza, Enlightenment, and Classical German Philosophy

La traduction et le fascisme : quelques réflexions à partir des théories de Croce et Gentile

Weber’s Protestant Ethic Thesis in Five Steps

Filozofować z głębi człowieczeństwa. O fenomenologii Andrzeja Półtawskiego

Locke’s Reading of Herbert’s De Veritate and His Critique of Common Notions

Tadeusza Klimskiego realistyczna interpretacja problemu jedności

Schopenhauerowska koncepcja motywacji a jedność ludzkiej podmiotowości w świetle rozprawy „O wolności ludzkiej woli”

On the Foundational Compatibility of Phenomenology and Thomism

Realizm filozoficzny w ujęciu Étienne Gilsona

THE PRINCIPAL ASSIGNMENT OF PHILOSOPHY IN CULTURE

Miesto nášho veku v histórii civilizácie (Ch.S. Peirce a jeho filozofická diagnóza súčasnosti)

Filozoficzny spór o przedmiot poznania, a koncepcja poznania duchów czystych w wykładzie angelologii św. Tomasza z Akwinu

Obiektywność w prawie – podejście instytucjonalne jako alternatywa dla dominujących stanowisk teoretycznych

Shamballa - A short essay on the relationship between the city, the world and the expansion of consciousness.

Amerykanin i Polak w Paryżu (Henry James – Bolesław Prus)

Nieznany list Aleksieja Tołstoja do Gustawa Zielińskiego