Search results

1

Thalétova matematika v zrkadle Galileovej fyziky

100%

Kvasz L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 5

643-659

EN

The aim of this article is to sketch a certain method of indirect reconstruction of the process by which mathematics as a deductive discipline emerged in ancient Greece. We try out this method in a reconstruction of Thales' mathematics, but the main aim for which this method has been developed is the work of Pythagoras. We consider the process of the emergence of mathematics as a process of the constitution of a new language in the framework of which one can carry out deductive proofs. Therefore we base the method of indirect reconstruction of the emergence of mathematics on the theoretical findings in the book L. Kvasz: Vedecká revolúcia ako lingvistická událosť (The Scientific Revolution as a linguistic event, Prague, Filosofia 2013).

2

Between Galileo and Darwin, or Towards a Unified Mode of Idealization in Cognitive Linguistics

100%

Strugielska A.

Cognitive Studies

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2016

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issue 16

EN

Between Galileo and Darwin, or Towards a Unified Mode of Idealization in Cognitive LinguisticsThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Cognitive Linguistics is in need of a coherent model through which the meaning of symbolic units can be represented. Departing from the premise that scientific theorizing requires taking a stance on the nature of idealization, the current discussion concentrates on cognitive linguists’ perspectives on the process, and reveals a lack of uniformity in the models proposed.On the whole, generalizations in Cognitive Linguistics are conducted in a manner reflecting the basic commitments of the approach, and hence the idealized models discussed strive to capture the embodied nature of cognition reflected in the semantic poles of symbolic units.However, a detailed analysis shows that a number of significant choices underlying the process of abstraction are random. Consequently, the modes of idealization revealed through semantic frames and cognitive domains lead to the emergence of barely compatible semantic categories which are assumed to represent the meaning of the same symbolic unit.It is thus postulated that if Cognitive Linguistics aspires to become a mature scientific theory, whose constructs and hypotheses can be operationalized and falsified, it needs to develop a more unified framework in which the situated and distributed natures of meaning are accounted for in a motivated manner. Między Galileuszeam a Aarwinem albo o spójnym modelu idealizacji w językoznawstwie kognitywnymCelem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie konieczności stworzenia spójnego modelu reprezentacji znaczeniowej jednostek symbolicznych w obrębie językoznawstwa kognitywnego. Przyjmując jako punkt wyjścia założenie, że podstawą budowania teorii naukowych jest idealizacja, dokonany zostaje przegląd modeli reprezentacji semantycznej, proponowanych przez czołowych językoznawców kognitywnych.Analiza wyidealizowanych modeli kognitywnych w ujęciu Fillmore’a (1985), Lakoffa (1987) i Langackera (1987) wskazuje na zbieżności na poziomie ogólnym, czyli na zgodność, iż biegun semantyczny jednostki symbolicznej winien odzwierciedlać ucieleśnioną naturę poznania. Na poziomie szczegółowym jednakże można zauważyć szereg rozbieżności między omawianymi modelami, wynikających z nieuzasadnionych wyborów badaczy dotyczących sposobu abstrahowania.W rezultacie wykazano, że znaczenie tej samej jednostki symbolicznej jest w językoznawstwie kognitywnym definiowane odmiennie, w zależności od przyjętej procedury idealizacji. Zaobserwowane niekonsekwencje metodologiczne podają w wątpliwość dojrzałość językoznawstwa kognitywnego jako teorii naukowej.

3

„Nie tyle reportaż, ile wyznanie miłości” – o tendencji do idealizowania kultury gruzińskiej we współczesnym polskim reportażu podróżniczym

100%

Massaka I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2019

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vol. Tom 4 Nr XXIV

141-154

EN

“Not so much reportage as confession of love” – about the tendency to idealize Georgian culture in contemporary Polish travel reportage After 2008, Georgian culture has become the subject of many Polish travel reportages. It is idealized, resulting from the need to reproduce the myth of PolishGeorgian friendship. This myth arose from Russophobia existing in Poland and Georgia. Two of the three narratives studied are strongly Russophobic. The analysis of the content of the reports was carried out in reference to the model of cultural differences by G. Hofstede.

4

Leszek Nowak – obituary

88%

Brzeziński J., Klawiter A., Łastowski K.

Nauka

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2009

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issue 4

PL

On 20th of October 2009 died Leszek Nowak, one of the most creative and original Polish philosophers. Born on 7th of January 1943, Nowak studied law (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) and philosophy (Warsaw University). He lived to philosophize. It is not a conventional phrase but the true description of his activities. He devoted his live to philosophy. He got professor’s title in 1976, at the age of 33. At that time he was the youngest professor in Poland and the author of the methodological conception – the idealizational theory of science. His theory was inspired by ideas he found in Marx’s writings. He made them explicit and precise by using the language of contemporary logical philosophy. The result was the theory that offered a new, detailed and systematic picture of science [10], [18]. Leszek Nowak admired Marx’s ideas and planned to reconstruct Marx’s entire philosophical system. It soon occurred to him that Marx’s social philosophy was unable to account for the functioning of the societies of so-called real socialism. Nowak retained Marx’s materialism but rejected the narrow, economic view of society. In 1977 he started to work on a new, generalized social theory, which he called the non-Marxian historical materialism [12]. In this theory real socialism occurs as the most oppressive system in the history of the hitherto known societies. One has to be bold or naïve to work on such a theory in the country of real socialism. Leszek Nowak was aware of the risk but he did not decide to accept intellectual compromise and in 1979 disseminated the typescript of his book on real socialism. During the time of Solidarność movement he spent all energy to educate union members and to reveal the oppressive nature of socialism. He was interned on 13th of December 1981 and spent a year in jail. In 1985 he was expelled from the university and in 1989 his professorship was reinstated. Extremely hard work, engagement in the Solidarność movement, and protests during internment seriously undermined his health. In the last years Leszek Nowak was not able to teach but he painstakingly worked on his new love – metaphysics. Results of his research were published in Polish in three volumes [16], [19], [20]. In our view his conception represents a non-standard approach to metaphysical problems. In Polish philosophy Nowak’s metaphysics can be only confronted with Roman Ingarden’s The controversy over the existence of the world. It is our firm conviction that Leszek Nowak’s place in Polish philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century is defined by the following qualities: a bold search for new and original idea, laborious work to present it in a systematic way, readiness to defend it against petrifying tendencies be they scientific, political, religious or ideological.

5

The Physical Platonism of Galileo Galilei: Ernst Cassirer’s Interpretation in His Published and Unpublished Writings

88%

Borbone G.

Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne

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2023

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vol. 11

161-178

EN

The struggle undertaken by Galileo Galilei against Aristotelian physics—and his subsequent defense of Nicolaus Copernicus’s theories—led the Pisan scientist to bring about the so-called modern scientific revolution and to lay the foundations of the experimental method, the fundamental result of which was to deprive the natural world of subjective qualities and to reconfigure it in purely quantitative terms. On the purely historical level, agreement among historians of science and philosophy is almost unanimous, while the same cannot be said for questions concerning interpretations of Galilei’s modus operandi and the basic philosophical options adopted by Galilei during his demolition of the entire Aristotelian-scholastic framework. Not all experts in the Galilean thought or of science, in fact, agree in tracing the Galilean reflection within the Platonic tradition, but one authoritative voice that has instead argued for its deep intertwining between Plato and Galilei is the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer. In this contribution I will attempt to demonstrate, partly considering two unpublished manuscripts of Cassirer, the plausibility of the Cassirerian thesis about Galilei’s physical Platonism.

6

Evaluating Artificial Models of Cognition

75%

Miłkowski M.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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vol. 40

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issue 1

43-62

EN

Artificial models of cognition serve different purposes, and their use determines the way they should be evaluated. There are also models that do not represent any particular biological agents, and there is controversy as to how they should be assessed. At the same time, modelers do evaluate such models as better or worse. There is also a widespread tendency to call for publicly available standards of replicability and benchmarking for such models. In this paper, I argue that proper evaluation of models does not depend on whether they target real biological agents or not; instead, the standards of evaluation depend on the use of models rather than on the reality of their targets. I discuss how models are validated depending on their use and argue that all-encompassing benchmarks for models may be well beyond reach.

7

The Issue of Idealization in The Philosophy of Money by Georg Simmel

75%

Gołębiewska M.

Polish Sociological Review

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2018

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vol. 204

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issue 4

463-476

EN

The main question of the text concerns the status of value in Georg Simmel’s thinking. According toSimmel, values are submitted to “idealization,” which can be considered a kind of “constructed essentialism.”Together with the concept of construction, “constructed essentialism” first appeared implicitly in Kant’s theseson the human rational equipment containing necessary inborn dispositions and, particularly, in his theses ontranscendental schematism. However, it was Fichte and Schelling who applied the term “construction” to thedescription of cognitive processes. In his theses concerning the idealization of values as conventionally accepted,socially and economically constructed relations, Simmel refers to the anthropological, cognitive equipment: tothe human propensity to seek patterns, ideals, and even ideas. Such a formulation of the process of idealizationspreads Simmel’s concept of value dialectically between constructivism and anthropological essentialism. Material and Methods Results Conclusions

8

Salva Phaenomenis. Phenomenological Dimension of Subjectivity in the Frame of the Reductionist Paradigm of the Cognitive Sciences

63%

Kobiela F.

Studia Humana

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2015

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vol. 4

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issue 2

3-12

EN

The paper addresses the family of questions that arose from the field of interactions between phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. On the one hand, apparently partial coextensivity of research domain of phenomenology and the cognitive sciences sets the goal of their cooperation and mutual inspiration. On the other hand, there are some obstacles on the path to achieve this goal: phenomenology and the cognitive sciences have different traditions, they speak different languages, they have adopted different methodological approaches, and last but not least, their prominent exponents exhibits different styles of thinking. In order to clarify this complicated area of tensions, the paper presents the results of philosophical reflections of such topics as: 1) philosophical presuppositions and postulates of the cognitive sciences 2) abstraction of some phenomena during idealisation and the dialectical model of science's development 3) argumentation based on prediction of future development of the cognitive sciences. This finally leads to the formulation of a phenomenology-based postulate for adequate model of mind and the discussion of humanistic dimension of cognitive sciences.

9

O idealizacji i innych postawach wobec tekstu staropolskiego

63%

Mika T.

Język Polski

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2017

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vol. 97

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issue 4

7-23

PL

Idealizacja to postawa badawcza (i edytorska) polegająca na przeświadczeniu, że tekst jest pod jakimś względem (często pod kilkoma) doskonalszy (nie tylko inny), niż wynika to prostego odczytania jego zapisu. Jej przejawem są zmiany dokonywane w transkrypcji przekraczające podstawowy zakres ingerencji, wynikający z istoty tej formy przekazu. Autor ukazuje zależność pomiędzy aktualnym w danym czasie stanem wiedzy i przeświadczeniami edytora a kształtem proponowanych edycji tekstów staropolskich (zwłaszcza transkrypcji). Materiał ilustracyjny do artykułu pochodzi z "Rozmyślania przemyskiego".

EN

The term “idealization”, proposed by the present author, represents a research and editorial attitude that is based on the belief that the text under scrutiny is in some respect (and more often than not, in a number of respects) more perfect than it seems from a simple reading of its written form as it is preserved in a manuscript. This attitude can be manifested by changes in the transcription made by editors that go far beyond the basic scope of editorial interference arising from the essence of this form of transmission. The present article lists numerous examples of transcriptions of Old Polish texts which illustrate the editorial interference that exceeds far beyond the boundaries of accepted practice. The author proposes that as long as it is possible to understand the text in the Old Polish language, editors should refrain from correcting it, even if (from today’s perspective) it does not show content’s conformity with form or semantic and structural coherence.

10

Idealizacja w karykaturze. Karykatura jako idealizacja - szkic zagadnienia

63%

Jarzewicz M.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2020

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vol. 82

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issue 1

81-95

EN

The term ‘idealization’ has two meanings. Applied most commonly in reflection on art, it means making an object resemble the assumed model of beauty, just contrariwise to caricature. Idealization in science philosophy consists in taking into account merely one key aspect of the investigated object. The paper deals with the consequences of assuming idealization to be an essential feature of caricature, comparable to idealization in science

PL

Termin „idealizacja” ma dwa znaczenia. Stosowane zazwyczaj w refleksji o sztuce to upodobnienie przedmiotu do przyjętego wzorca piękna, czyli w sprzeczności z karykaturą. Idealizacja w filozofii nauki polega na uwzględnieniu jedynie istotnego aspektu badanego przedmiotu. Artykuł jest poświęcony konsekwencjom uznania idealizacji za istotną cechę karykatury, porównywalną z rolą idealizacji w nauce.

11

Skarby pamięci. Socjologiczna analiza fotografii rodzinnej

63%

Piejko M.

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2008

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vol. 4

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issue 3

4-49

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the research on the meaning of the family photography in the contemporary society. I analyze the family photography as a carrier of memory manifesting itself in an interpretative reconstruction of the past in the present through its idealization and mystification. The amateur photography blends with the broader process of the visualization of the contemporary culture, and the transformations that take place within the intensify the consumer tenor of the phenomenon. The development of the IT has made the new forms of gathering, storing and sharing photos available to people. The question arises if the meaning of these activities remains the same as in case of the analogue photos. I refer basically to two theories – Maurice Halbwachs' and Erving Goffman's and on this ground I approach the family albums as the selected and idealized set of family representations subjected to the creative reconstruction in the present, which becomes an axis of the family memory. Besides, the article touches upon the ontological matter of the photography alone, as well as its usefulness in the contemporary reflection of the sociologists.

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań socjologicznych nad znaczeniem fotografii rodzinnej we współczesnym społeczeństwie. Analizuję fotografię rodzinną jako nośnik pamięci zbiorowej wyrażającej się w interpretatywnym rekonstruowaniu przeszłości w teraźniejszości poprzez jej idealizację i mistyfikację. Fotografia amatorska wpisuje się w szerszy proces wizualizacji współczesnej kultury, a dokonujące się przemiany w obrębie technologii nasilają konsumpcyjny wydźwięk tego zjawiska. Rozwój technologii informatycznej udostępnił nowe formy gromadzenia, przechowywania i eksponowania fotografii. Czy jednak znaczenie tych działań pozostaje takie same, jak w przypadku zdjęć analogowych? Odwołuję się przede wszystkim do dwóch teorii – Maurice’a Halbwachsa oraz Ervinga Goffmana i w oparciu o nie traktuję albumy rodzinne jako wyselekcjonowany i wyidealizowany zbiór rodzinnych reprezentacji poddawanych kreatywnej rekonstrukcji w teraźniejszości, która staje się osią rodzinnej pamięci. Oprócz tego, artykuł dotyka kwestii ontologicznych samej analizy? fotografii oraz jej przydatności we współczesnych rozważaniach naukowych socjologów.

12

Curiosity and coincidentia oppositorum: on the legacy of Aleksander Sapieha as an author of Journey around the Slavic countries in the years 1802 and 1803

51%

Połczyńska M.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2018

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issue 15

PL

Aleksander Antoni Sapieha has gone down in the history of Polish science, he is one of the episodic figures in the political history of our country in the Napoleonic era; and in the history of Polish literature he appears as the author of the Enlightenment travelogue. The reading of Journey around the Slav countries in the years 1802 and 1803 and the semantically defined narrator-hero-real author on the basis of hermeneutic interpretation is an attempt to supplement the ways in which both, the travel book and its creator, are discussed in Polish scientific and popular science literature about those aspects that can be derived from the text itself. Among them, attention is paid to the specificity of a research attitude stretched, so to speak, between its two complementary pars, rational and idealistic, combined in a particular pragmatism of knowledge, in which the pursuit of cognition accompanies the pursuit of common good. The result of the hermeneutic experience of reading Sapiehaʼs travelogue is an attempt to capture his scientific and social heritage which takes into consideration the plane of this internally doubled, yet coherent research attitude, which in a broader sense seems to be surprisingly fresh and inspiring.

13

Wymiar percepcyjny w fenomenologii doświadczalnej i w nauce

51%

Derossi G.

Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne

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2015

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vol. 3

39-55

PL

Autor podkreśla znaczący wkład, jaki fenomenologia eksperymentalna może wnieść do metodologii badań naukowych. Pod pojęciem tym należy rozumieć fenomenologiczne podejście, które wyłoniło się w ostatnim okresie z rozważań nad niektórymi epistemologicznymi implikacjami badań z zakresu percepcji inspirowanych teorią Gestalt. Chodzi tu w szczególności o badania przeprowadzone przez członków zespołu, który działał na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu w Trieście w drugiej połowie ubiegłego stulecia pod kierownictwem triesteńskiego specjalisty z dziedziny percepcji, Gaetano Kanizsy. Wspomniane implikacje dotyczą możliwości uwidocznienia przestrzenno-czasowych warunków, które ukazują rzeczywistość poza zjawiskami i które w ujęciu klasycznej fenomenologii Husserlowskiej uznaje się za poznawalne jedynie w sposób idealny. Autor kwestionuje idealistyczną hipotekę ciążącą na klasycznej fenomenologii i podkreśla doniosłość niektórych argumentów, które zdają się przemawiać za wspomnianą możliwością nowego realizmu. Przywołane zostają odkrywcze wizualizacje opracowane z wykorzystaniem Gedankenexperimenten (eksperymentów idealnych1) stosowanych przez Ernsta Macha w jego historyczno-krytycznych badaniach ewolucji nowożytnej mechaniki. Przede wszystkim jednak autor przedstawia zasadnicze cechy wizualizacji absolutnej realności przestrzeni postrzegalnej w zjawisku tzw. nieprzystających odpowiedników, zamieszczonej w ostatnim przedkrytycznym eseju Kanta. Rysuje się w ten sposób teoretyczna i historyczna perspektywa, w której istotniejszą rolę może odgrywać – obok wizji idealnych esencji – sama wizja rzeczywistości.

EN

The author presents a possible important contribution of experimental phenomenology to the methodology of scientific research. Experimental phenomenology is a phenomenological approach developed recently from some epistemological implications of the inspired by the Gestalt theory investigations concerning perception. The paper is especially concentrated on investigations performed by the group which was being active at the Trieste University in the second half of the 20th century; the group was leading by Gaetano Kanizsa, a perception specialist. The here conditions, which reveal reality beyond phenomena and which in the classical Husserl phenomenology approach are recognized to be knowable only ideally. The author contests the idealistic mortgage of the classical phenomenology, and emphasizes the essentiality of some arguments which seems to legitimize the mentioned possibility of a new realism. The author quotes creative visualizations applying relevant Gedankenexperimenten, elaborated by Ernst Mach in his historical-critical researches of the evolution of modern mechanics. However, the author first of all presents the essential features of the visualization of the absolute reality of the space perceived in the phenomenon of incongruent correspondents, stated in last precritical Kant’s essay. Thus the theoretical-historical perspective is outlined in which a more essential role can be played by—together with the vision of ideal essences— the very vision of reality.

14

Seksualność człowieka w kulturze – miejsce epifanii Boga czy manifestacja demoniczna?

45%

Sztramski A.

Studia Gdańskie

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2014

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issue 34

69-77

PL

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie relacji wiary chrześcijańskiej i kultury w jej specyficznym obszarze, który wyznacza ludzka cielesność i seksualność. W teologicznej antropologii Jana Pawła II, której część stanowi tzw. teologia ciała, seksualność winna stanowić uprzywilejowane miejsce objawiania się tajemnicy życia Bożego. W tym ujęciu płciowość człowieka nabiera wyjątkowego sensu z uwagi na swą zdolność do wyrażania osobowego daru. Ta hermeneutyka daru zostaje skontrastowana ze współczesnym kulturowym statusem seksualności, której symptomatycznym wyrazem jest m.in. sztuka filmowa oraz jej społeczny odbiór. Przykład dwóch produkcji filmowych ujawnia naznaczenie tej sfery kultury złem o niespotykanej dotąd w historii skali. Postulowanym lekarstwem na tę sytuację jest promocja idealnego ujęcia miłości seksualnej oraz kształtowanie właściwego etosu odbiorcy kultury i sztuki – etosu widzenia.

EN

The article presents the problem of the relationship between Christian faith and culture in its specific area which is marked out by human corporeality and sexuality. In view of theological anthropology of John Paul II, in what is called theology of the body, sexuality should be a privileged place of revealing the mystery of the life of God. In this perspective, human sexuality receives special meaning because of its ability to express a personal gift. The hermeneutics of the gift is in contrast with contemporary cultural status of sexuality, film art and its social reception being a symptomatic expression of it. The example of two films shows that this particular area of culture is marked by an evil in a scale unprecedented in the history. Postulated remedy for this situation is to promote the ideal image of sexual love and the formation of the proper ethos of the recipient of culture and art – the ethos of seeing.

Refine search results

Thalétova matematika v zrkadle Galileovej fyziky

Between Galileo and Darwin, or Towards a Unified Mode of Idealization in Cognitive Linguistics

„Nie tyle reportaż, ile wyznanie miłości” – o tendencji do idealizowania kultury gruzińskiej we współczesnym polskim reportażu podróżniczym

Leszek Nowak – obituary

The Physical Platonism of Galileo Galilei: Ernst Cassirer’s Interpretation in His Published and Unpublished Writings

Evaluating Artificial Models of Cognition

The Issue of Idealization in The Philosophy of Money by Georg Simmel

Salva Phaenomenis. Phenomenological Dimension of Subjectivity in the Frame of the Reductionist Paradigm of the Cognitive Sciences

O idealizacji i innych postawach wobec tekstu staropolskiego

Idealizacja w karykaturze. Karykatura jako idealizacja - szkic zagadnienia

Skarby pamięci. Socjologiczna analiza fotografii rodzinnej

Curiosity and coincidentia oppositorum: on the legacy of Aleksander Sapieha as an author of Journey around the Slavic countries in the years 1802 and 1803

Wymiar percepcyjny w fenomenologii doświadczalnej i w nauce

Seksualność człowieka w kulturze – miejsce epifanii Boga czy manifestacja demoniczna?