Search results - CEJSH

1

Kriminalistická rekognícia

100%

Molnárová M.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2008

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vol. 2

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issue 3

41-53

EN

Recognition of human individuals plays a major role in forensic identification. It occurs only if person's mind contains a memory trace which relates to a relevant event. The person creates an image in their mind from their memory trace while they compare it to their current reflection (representation) of the observed object. This article explains definition and meaning of recognition, participants' role, and discusses various categories and their characteristic attributes in recognition. The content then moves to the factors which influence eyewitness's memory accuracy including recognition and distinguishes between the factors law enforcement can and cannot affect.

SK

Podstatou rekognície ako jednej z foriem kriminalistickej identifikácie je znovupoznávanie, ktoré sa môže uskutočniť iba vtedy, pokiaľ vo vedomí človeka existuje pamäťová stopa, ktorá sa vzťahuje k určitej kriminalisticky relevantnej udalosti. Obraz zafixovaný v pamäťovej stope si znovupoznávajúca osoba vybaví v priebehu rekognície vo forme predstavy, ktorú porovnáva s odrazom (momentálnym vnímaním) predvádzaného (ukazovaného) objektu vo svojom vedomí. Príspevok sa zaoberá základným vymedzením, podstatou, významom ako aj subjektmi rekognície, pričom konkrétnejšie sa zapodieva zvláštnosťami jej jednotlivých druhov. Ďalšia časť článku podrobnejšie rozoberá jednotlivé faktory, ktoré ovplyvňujú presnosť pamäte očitého svedka, vrátane rekognície a sú rozdelené na tie, ktoré môžu, a na tie, ktoré nemôžu kontrolovať orgány činné v trestnom konaní.

2

USTALENIE TOŻSAMOŚCI OSOBY. CZĘŚĆ 2. ANALIZA DZIAŁALNOŚCI WYBRANEJ JEDNOSTKI POLICJI, STUDIUM PRZYPADKÓW

100%

WOJNICZ P., Sękowska I.

Civitas et Lex

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2019

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issue 4(24)

33-44

EN

Establishing the identity of the dead and the living person is an important element in the functioning of every society. Giving them names is respect for their dignity and a humane approach to every human being. As important as this sphere of life is the state institutions have worked out quite meticulous procedures to regulate the issue.

3

Le discours direct libre en français et en polonais — approches et problèmes de traduction

100%

Dutka-Mańkowska A.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2013

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vol. 60

13 – 23

EN

Free direct speech (discours direct libre) is a form of quotation based on interpretation, and although it currently is of interest to French researchers, the definition and characteristics of this concept is questionable. Polish researchers do not recognize it as a category. In its canonical form, exhibiting the updating of the quoted discourse and the lack of discourse of the quoting person, it occurs in literary texts in different variants. It is similar in the case of target texts in Polish, where several types of modification of the structure of the original text can be considered as creative solutions of the translator.

4

The Biometric Features used for Forensic Identification of Humans

100%

Wlodarczyk R.

Internal Security

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2012

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vol. 4(1)

125-140

EN

The contemporary reality poses serious challenges to forensics. Despite the development of tactics and techniques in that field, we are often helplessly confronted with the problem of identifying a living human authoritatively, with whom there is no contact and who has undergone changes to such an extent that it is impossible to identify the person or an unknown body, the remains of the latter having changed after death or having been degenerated otherwise as a result of the incident. Throughout the past centuries the human biometric features have been used for diverse purposes, and they are now used successfully i.a. in the forensic identification of individuals. Such a necessity emerged at the moment of the accumulation of terrorist attacks and disasters (related to human acts and forces of nature), in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century. Then, the numerous international treaties were concluded, e.g. in regard to the Interpol, which led to systematising the human identification methods including biometric methods. In that venture the Interpol was obliged to create identification databases, monitor them continuously, record reported results of research, communicate and share collected information among lower-ranked organisations, have the responsibility for the quality of functioning of databases as put into service, etc. On that basis the principles of functioning of modern biometric identification systems were determined and put into practice. Digital systems for identification and verification of individual identity have been upgraded on an ongoing basis and are based on human physical characteristics such as: fingerprints, facial geometry, iris or retina of the eye, temperature distribution over the face, hand geometry, vein patterns, scent, shape and size of the lips, ears and nails, as well as on biometric behavioural features. The author described each of the physical biometric characteristics, which enable a forensic human identification.

5

Identifying with Dexter

100%

Houwen J.

American, British and Canadian Studies Journal

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2015

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vol. 24

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issue 1

24-43

EN

Many contemporary high quality TV series tend to enable identification with protagonists who engage in morally dubious or outright abject acts. This essay takes Showtime’s series Dexter as a pre-eminent and extreme example of this tendency, and explores how the viewer’s identification with the serial-killing protagonist of the show is constructed and altered throughout several seasons of the series. In order to analyze the specific relation between Dexter and its audience, this essay first examines the more general possibility television series to produce firm identification of viewers with protagonists by comparing the format of the television series to two media that can be understood as its predecessors: literature and film.

6

„My tu nie mówimy, ino godumy i jesteśmy z tego dumni”. O tym, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały (na przykładzie języka mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego)

100%

Cemborowski B.

Adeptus

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2015

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issue 6

50-61

EN

The aim of this article is to respond to the question: Why have the dialects of the Province of Greater Poland survived while the dialects from other parts of Poland are in decline? The analytical material relates to the statements of the users of this dialect who live in the western parts of Greater Poland (Międzychodzki district). It was collected during fieldwork in the villages of the Międzychodzki district between 2012 and 2015. The research methodology was based on autobiographical interviews, questionnaires and participant observations. Three important factors which contributed to the survival of the dialects of Greater Poland are: the history of this region, the identity of its people and the fashion for dialect use among the younger generation of Greater Poland’s inhabitants.

PL

Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały, podczas gdy w innych regionach Polski zauważalna jest tendencja do ich zaniku. Materiałem wykorzystanym w analizie są wypowiedzi mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego, którzy posługują się gwarą. Materiał został zebrany podczas badań terenowych w latach 2012–2015 za pomocą takich metod, jak wywiad autobiograficzny, ankiety i obserwacja uczestnicząca. Trzema istotnymi czynnikami, które wpłynęły na to, że gwary przetrwały w języku respondentów, są: historia, identyfikacja i narastająca wśród młodego pokolenia moda na mówienie gwarą.

7

„My tu nie mówimy, ino godumy i jesteśmy z tego dumni”. O tym, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały (na przykładzie języka mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego)

100%

Cemborowski B.

Adeptus

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2015

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issue 6

EN

On why have the dialects of the Province of Greater Poland survived (an example, the language of Międzychodzki district inhabitants)The aim of this article is to respond to the question: Why have the dialects of the Province of Greater Poland survived while the dialects from other parts of Poland are in decline? The analytical material relates to the statements of the users of this dialect who live in the western parts of Greater Poland (Międzychodzki district). It was collected during fieldwork in the villages of the Międzychodzki district between 2012 and 2015. The research methodology was based on autobiographical interviews, questionnaires and participant observations. Three important factors which contributed to the survival of the dialects of Greater Poland are: the history of this region, the identity of its people and the fashion for dialect use among the younger generation of Greater Poland’s inhabitants. „My tu nie mówimy, ino godumy i jesteśmy z tego dumni”. O tym, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały (na przykładzie języka mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego) Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały, podczas gdy w innych regionach Polski zauważalna jest tendencja do ich zaniku. Materiałem wykorzystanym w analizie są wypowiedzi mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego, którzy posługują się gwarą. Materiał został zebrany podczas badań terenowych w latach 2012–2015 za pomocą takich metod, jak wywiad autobiograficzny, ankiety i obserwacja uczestnicząca. Trzema istotnymi czynnikami, które wpłynęły na to, że gwary przetrwały w języku respondentów, są: historia, identyfikacja i narastająca wśród młodego pokolenia moda na mówienie gwarą.

8

Mała forma, wielkie znaczenie. Miejsca i obiekty świadczące o szczególnej identyfikacji ludzi z krajobrazem

100%

Krug D.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2017

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vol. 17

86-102

EN

The article deals with ways of expressing identification of people with the residential environment and their attachment to the place. The research has shown that in the space there are present objects voluntarily produced by the inhabitants. Public spaces are “decorated” or “adapted” to the residents’ own tastes and needs, which may be a sign of their growing into or identifying with the landscape. The inventoried items have been denominated as objects and places of special identification of people with the landscape. The impact of the elements on the environment is so enormous, despite their different character and often small size, that they constitute details enriching the landscape reception and thus should be taken into account during landscape research.

9

Vzťah identifikácie futbalových fanúšikov s tímom a motívov vedúcich k povzbudzovaniu

100%

Hajdúk M., Bratská M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2012

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vol. 3

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issue 1

15-25

EN

Strength of identification with football club has strong influence on the experience of football fans during the football match. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the strength of identification and motivational factors which lead to the cheering. 56 fans of Slovan Bratislava were involved in the research. We used Sport spectator identification scale and Sport fan motivation as research methods. We expected that football fans would have different motives leading to cheering in relation with identification with club. Stronger identified fans were motivated to watch football mainly with eustress which they experience during match. They believed that victory of their club is their victory too.

10

Fenomen identyfikacji genetycznej

89%

Moszczyński J.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 4 (2)

37-49

EN

DNA identification, which counts a few decades only, has revolutionized forensic science. Over a short period of time, genetic identification has become the most effective method of human identification, even when a tiny amount of biological material is available. Its dynamic development has allowed shifting efforts from group to individual identification. DNA analysis is broadly used for identification of criminal offenders, and due to computer-based DNA data bases – also allows detection of offenders internationally. The technique is fundamental in identification of disaster victims and also historically – in identification of bone remains. Furthermore, it is very useful in verification of wrongful convictions. In civil litigation, DNA analysis is irreplaceable in cases involving paternity testing. Genetic identification has quite solid scientific foundations and therefore, it has dethroned fingerprint identification, being earlier recognized as the “golden” standard of human identification. What is more, DNA analysis triggered the wave of criticism towards the majority of forensic methods of identification, which are considered to be characteristic by a high level of subjectivity, and which started the process of scientific development of these methods.

11

« Je me sers d’animaux pour instruire les hommes » : le personnage-animal dans la littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse contemporaine

89%

Atzenhoffer R.

e-Scripta Romanica

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2017

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vol. 4

1-15

FR

Les animaux anthropomorphes peuplent la littérature de jeunesse. L’enjeu de ce travail est de mettre en évidence des apports et impacts de ces héros à poils, plumes et écailles auprès d’un jeune lectorat. Selon son âge, celui-ci sera plus ou moins attiré par un certain type d’animal : l’animal compagnon du héros humain, l’animal-héros identificatoire ou l’animal-guide et médiateur susceptible d’aider et d’accompagner l’enfant-lecteur dans sa découverte du monde.

EN

Animals inhabit children’s literature. What is at stake is to explain the reasons for this study by emphasizing what contributions and impacts these furred, feathered or shelled heroes make to a young readership. According to their age, young readers will be more or less attracted by a specific type of animal, the human hero’s animal companion, the identifiable anthropomorphic animal hero or the leading and facilitating one likely to help and accompany them in their discovery of the world.

12

The Logical Structure of Intentional Anonymity

88%

Barcz M., Gryz J., Wierzbicki A.

Diametros

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2019

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vol. 16

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issue 60

1-17

EN

It has been noticed by several authors that the colloquial understanding of anonymity as mere unknownness is insufficient. This common sense notion of anonymity does not recognize the role of the goal for which the anonymity is sought. Starting with the distinction between intentional and unintentional anonymity (which are usually taken to be the same) and the general concept of the non-coordinatability of traits, we offer a logical analysis of anonymity and identification (understood as de-anonymization). In our enquiry, we focus on the intentional aspect of anonymity and develop a metaphor of an “anonymity game” between “perpetrator” and “detective”. Starting from common sense intuitions, we provide a formalized, critical notion of anonymity.

13

PHILANTHROPY CULTURE IN THE U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION: ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND THE ROLE OF ALUMNI RELATIONS IN FUNDRAISING

88%

Красуля А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2014

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issue 9(43)

299-308

EN

Philanthropy from individual donors, as an example of prosocial behaviour, has defined and influenced higher education in the USA since the founding of Harvard. American higher education as we know it today would not exist if it were not for voluntary contributions of time, wealth, service, and talents of many individuals as well as collective giving. More recently, as state support declined and endowments fell in the economic downturn, philanthropic support of the university enables it to better meet the challenges facing higher education today. As a result, it is important that universities engage all possible donors in fundraising activities. University advancement offices ponder what motivates alumnito make regular financial contributions to their alma mater, and how to encourage undergraduate students and young alumni to be philanthropic on a long-term basis. It is imperative for alumni office to have and act upon a vision that supports the institutional mission. Thus, it has to offer opportunities for the future donors to learn about and participate in community service, civic engagement, service-learning projects, and student alumni associations. In such a way, university cultivates a generation of engaged alumni dedicated to future service to the university. Involvement of alumni in their alma mater generates interest, and that interest often translates into the giving of time, advocacy, and money. This article presents the analysis of organizational identification features, as a part of social identity theory, and principles of alumni charity support for higher educational institutions in the USA. Sources for higher education funding, issues of philanthropy culture, as well as kinds and peculiarities of alumni development programsare discussed. The author outlines the suggestions for academic curriculum to help promote and develop youth engagement in university life, social, civic, and community building through philanthropy, volunteerism, and fundraising practices for universities. It is out of the question that additional research on philanthropy toward universities among different types of donors is important. Understanding the complexity of motives with which donations are made, implementation of advancement programs with well-thought strategies, bridging theory and practice will enable public universities to survive and carry on academic traditions in the current economic downturn.

14

The Ability of Narrative Communication to Address Health-related Social Norms

88%

Moran M. B., Murphy S. T., Frank L. B., Baezconde-Garbanati L.

International Review of Social Research

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 2

131-149

EN

Social norms are an important predictor of health behavior and have been targeted by a variety of health communication campaigns. However, these campaigns often encounter challenges related to the socially specific context in which norms exist: specifically, the extent to which the target population identifies with the specific reference group depicted and the extent to which the target population believes the campaign’s message. We argue that because of its capacity to effect identification among viewers, narrative communication is particularly appropriate for impacting social norms and, consequently, behavioral intention. This manuscript presents the results of a randomized trial testing the effectiveness of two films – one narrative, one non-narrative – in changing perceived social norms and behavioral intention regarding Pap testing to detect cervical cancer. Results of the study indicate that the narrative film was in fact more effective at producing positive changes in perceived norms and intention.

15

Interactions with Others in John Chrysostom as a Means to Manage a Diversity of Visions

88%

Tolonen A.-L.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Two opposing opinions about “the Maccabees” feature in the homily On Eleazar and the Seven Boys. According to the homilist, “the Maccabees” can be recognized as martyrs; yet, many others fail to see it. The construction of this conflict relies heavily on another confrontation identifiable in the same text: a dialogue between the homilist and “the Jew”, who thinks differently and, in the opinion of the homilist, incorrectly. These tensions in the source may be taken to reflect “identity-political” issues of the time and evaluated accordingly. My analysis challenges this view by emphasizing how difficult it is to reconstruct historical encounters between persons/groups based on such a source. I suggest, instead, that the conflict and dialogue should be considered parallel examples of how, in the context of late antiquity, a Christian intellectual mind conceptualizes “difference” (of opinions or between identities) and how it deals with it. The analysis shows that the homilist’s argumentation is built on seemingly commonsensical or authoritative fair-to-all “facts”. Yet, interactions with others provide the homilist with ways to govern and re-produce those very facts. Rather than social struggles, the interactions reflect and represent the level of otherness contained in the discourse of the homilist.

16

Photographic image as a communicative resource in contemporary Russian drama

88%

Maliutina N.

Świat i Słowo

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2020

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vol. 34(1)

254-267

EN

The article analyses photographic discourse in contemporary Russian dramatic texts as a specific way of perceiving and constructing the reality, as a means of communication, and as a metalanguage. The conceptualization of photographic images in the dramatic text enabled the scrutiny of specific artistic ploys and photographic techniques applied. The article reveals the nature of correlation between the visual perception of a photograph incorporated in the dramatic text, the characters’ utterances and the author’s remarks. The photographic image fosters the rejection or the “appropriation” (recognition in oneself) of the Other by the characters. It also allows for the implementation of the communicative mechanisms used to create the hyperreality of the photo universum. The performative potential of the photographic discourse of the dramatic text materializes itself in such a hyperreality.

17

CULTURES OF THE PAST: The uses and abuses of the past: cultural rhetoric and the unmaking of a moral universe

88%

Hafsteinsson S. B., Grétarsdóttir T., Árnason A.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2014

|

vol. 15(2)

EN

It is well established ethnographically that history is a particularly important and celebratedaspect of Icelandic identity. Paraphrasing Hastrup, it could be argued that Icelandic cultureis a culture of the past. The collapse in Iceland in 2008 problematised this valorisationof history. In this paper we draw on Carrithers’ ideas of cultural rhetoric to analyse howIcelanders made sense of the collapse particularly in relation to their understanding oftheir own history. Following Johnson, we look at the play of agency, intention and responsibilityevident in the accounts offered for the collapse. Through that we seek to highlighthow these accounts, even when highly critical of Icelandic political and cultural practices,tend to allow for and even encourage the on-going identification with the nation-form.

18

KULTURY PRZESZŁOŚCI: The uses and abuses of the past: cultural rhetoric and the unmaking of a moral universe

88%

Hafsteinsson S. B., Grétarsdóttir T., Árnason A.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2014

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vol. 15(2)

PL

It is well established ethnographically that history is a particularly important and celebratedaspect of Icelandic identity. Paraphrasing Hastrup, it could be argued that Icelandic cultureis a culture of the past. The collapse in Iceland in 2008 problematised this valorisationof history. In this paper we draw on Carrithers’ ideas of cultural rhetoric to analyse howIcelanders made sense of the collapse particularly in relation to their understanding oftheir own history. Following Johnson, we look at the play of agency, intention and responsibilityevident in the accounts offered for the collapse. Through that we seek to highlighthow these accounts, even when highly critical of Icelandic political and cultural practices,tend to allow for and even encourage the on-going identification with the nation-form.

19

Transnacionalismus, integrace a identifikace: diskuse o proměnlivosti a dynamice sociálních procesů na příkladu studentské migrace z Ukrajiny

88%

Jirka L., Leontiyeva Y.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2022

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vol. 58

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issue 1

29-51

EN

This article deals with Ukrainian student migration and the convergence of integration and transnationalism. Its main focus is the self-identification of young Ukrainians studying in the Czech Republic. The authors explore and describe international students' different integration and transnational dispositions and also discuss whether these dispositions could be seen as part of antagonistic or synergetic processes. The interconnection between transnationalism and integration is widely discussed in both sociological and anthropological literature, and most scholars identify them as synergetic processes. In the case of Ukrainian students in the Czech Republic, however, the authors argue that these processes can be understood as both synergetic and antagonistic because what matters is the students' self-identification. Most of the analysis presented in this article is based on in-depth interviews with Ukrainian students conducted between 2012 and 2019. The results of qualitative research are also compared to and discussed in relation to the findings from an on-line survey conducted among 258 Ukrainian students in 2018. The article suggests that Ukrainian students themselves could incline in both directions, towards an antagonistic and a synergetic understanding of integration and transnationalism, because it depends on their self-expressed dispositions. However, most participants most of the participants in the research express the synergy.

20

Satisfaction of Academic Youth with the Way Their Family of Origin Functions: Conditions and Determinants

88%

Bajkowski T.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2019

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issue 4(126)

80-94

EN

The family is the environment that leaves its mark and imprint the most in the structure of the human identity. This is because of both the broadly reaching and permanent character of impacts. Every family creates and regulates its particular familial identity. It can be seen as a kind of azimuth of feeling of being a member of an important, specific family community, despite the changes that are taking place in and around us. The text presents the results of research conducted in the group of academic youth regarding the level of the sense of satisfaction with the functioning of their family of origin and an attempt to capture the determinants of them. There are significant differences in the range of predictors building models for the whole group, compared to models built separately for the group of males and females. This indicates a high level of diversity in the perception of the family of origin system among the surveyed students. Analyses of the presented models show the image of academic youth who, in their life orientations, highly values the family as the basic reference point in the construction of their own identity. There is a visible focus on the community nature of its functioning, the quality of the relations of individual members of the system and the possibility of participating in the rules and rules developed in the family. The family identity that develops with said rules is a kind of negotiated creation of the family traditions recognized by them, with simultaneous outlined tendencies of deconstruction of the existing model ways of capturing the family structure, in favor of seeking a different view, which is a kind of adaptation of the system to dynamically changing socio-cultural conditions.

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