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EN
Classical concepts of human development elaborated in the 20th century do not take into consideration the normative development of homosexual people. On the other hand, the depathologization of homosexuality has resulted in an increase of knowledge about gays’ and lesbians’ performance and health. The process of homosexual identity formation, usually beginning in adolescence, has been recognized and well described in the field of psychology. However, this knowledge is rarely integrated with general theories of human development. The article presents the developmental challenges of adolescence and points out the limitations and possibilities of Erikson’s theory in incorporating the experiences of homosexual adolescents. The authors discuss the specific difficulties minority adolescents face growing up in a heteronormative culture and the main stages of homosexual identity formation. The article ends with a reflection on the possibility of integrating the concept of homosexual identity development with Erik Erikson’s theory of identity crisis and its potential solutions in adolescence.
EN
In this article, I pose the question of the role of academic education in social reality marked by the logic of corporate system, which is a product of neoliberal culture. Herein, I argue that the instrumentalization of the role of both the university and its mission — as woven into a discourse of knowledge society, which constitutes the official interpretation of the EU's position towards the goals of education, including academic education — is accompanied by contemporary practices of subjectification (assujettissment) of students as subjects of academic education. These practices are related to imposed forms of establishing, accomplishing and verifying educational goals in academic education (i.e. learning outcomes) and they lead to construing of submissive forms of identities of students.
EN
The paper presents the theoretical hypotheses and research results conducted with the use of Transition from Education to Work Scale. Basing on the analysis of particular theories regarding the transition from education to work as well as selfdevelopment theory it has been noted that assumption of employment by graduates does not solely depend on labor market condition and their academic achievements but also on the level of identity development and appropriate assessment of one’s own skills and abilities. From the assumed perspective the transition from education to work is a long lasting and complex developmental task where accurate and thorough self assessment skills and readiness to achieve compromises between expectations and possibilities related to career development are of crucial importance.
EN
The aim of the study was to present the relationship between attachment styles and the dimensions of identity development. The theoretical framework of current research constitutes: Attachment Theory by Bowlby (2007) as well as his followers (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), and a concept of Identity Development in the Identity Status Paradigm (Brzezińska & Piotrowski, 2010), which is based on the Psychosocial Development Theory by Erikson (1997). The participants were 109 students from different universities and classes. The experiment was questionnairebased – the participants filled out the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. The results suggested a relationship between anxious-avoidant and preoccupied attachment styles and specific dimensions of identity development.
EN
The formative influence of social and cultural context is very important for development of identity. The specific identity development of Vietnamese adolescents with immigrant background includes the balancing of their eastern culture heritage and western culture of the society of settlement. Results from USA and Canada shows that family and community provide strong pressure to these adolescents to keep eastern values. It can be source of parent-child conflicts, lower self-esteem, lower exploration and foreclosure of identity. On the other side, this pressure represents positive factor for development of ethnic identity and for achieving high score on academic orientation. The effect of peers and school to the development of identity of this group is poorly known. In the Czech Republic, second generation of Vietnamese immigrants is growing up. It is important to understand to specifics of development of identity to support their psychosocial adaptation in a new home country. The review summarizes impact of social and cultural context to the development of identity of Vietnamese adolescents in the USA and Canada. The data from North America are comparable with limits to the situation in the Czech Republic.
CS
Pro vývoj identity adolescentů je významný formativní vliv sociálního a kulturního kontextu. Kulturní a sociální kontext vývoje identity vietnamského adolescenta imigranta je specifický zejména společným působením dvou rozdílných kultur, a to individualistické západní a kolektivistické východní. Výsledky výzkumů v Severní Americe (USA, Kanada) dokládají, že rodina a komunita vytvářejí silný tlak na vietnamské adolescenty na dodržování východních hodnot. To může být zdrojem konfliktů a mít vliv na nižší sebehodnocení, menší exploraci identity, případně utváření předčasně uzavřené identity. Na druhou stranu tento tlak představuje pozitivní faktor při utváření etnické identity a je též faktorem, který se významně podílí na úspěchu u tzv. „high achievers“, tj. vietnamských studentů s mimořádnými studijními výsledky. Vliv vrstevníků a školy na vývoj identity u této skupiny nebyl dosud dostatečně zmapován. Vzhledem k tomu, že v ČR aktuálně dorůstá druhá generace vietnamských imigrantů, je důležité rozumět specifickým vlivům sociálního a kulturního kontextu, podílejících se významně na formování identity. Druhá generace vietnamských imigrantů ze Severní Ameriky, která dorůstala v 90. letech minulého století a na přelomu 20. a 21. století, může sloužit s jistými limity jako modelová skupina.
EN
The paper presents a draft model of the relationship between shame, treated as one of the self-conscious emotions, and the identity formation process. Two main concepts of shame have been discussed here: shame as an adaptive emotion, in line with the evolutionary approach, and as a maladaptive emotion (in contrast to guilt), according to cognitive attribution theory. The main thesis of this paper states that shame has an essential, both constructive and maladaptive, importance for identity development and that its effect is indirect as it works through the mechanisms of emotion regulation. The destructive and disrupting influence of shame is not an immanent feature of this emotion, but it is a consequence of malfunctioning mechanisms of shame regulation. The association of shame with identity formation relates to the exploration dimensions – exploration in breadth, exploration in depth and ruminative exploration, as well as to commitment making and identification with commitment.
EN
Human life has become much more complicated since living in the twenty-first century. At times, it is impossible to cope on one’s own. Therefore, various assistance and intervention efforts are gaining importance in this difficult post-modern reality. One of them is lifelong vocational guidance. The new model of human life however, has sparked the need to develop new models in guidance, too. A number of researchers from various fields of science took this certainly difficult challenge. The first modern theories of vocational guidance of M. Savickas and J. Guichard appeared at the beginning of the twenty-first century and are based on the “Life Design” model. Nevertheless, there are doubts whether they can be applied to school youth.
PL
Współczesna rzeczywistość skomplikowała życie człowieka. Nie w każdej sytuacji jest on w stanie samodzielnie sobie poradzić. W trudnej postmodernistycznej rzeczywistości XXI wieku na znaczeniu zyskują więc różne działania pomocowe i interwencyjne. Zalicza się do nich m.in. całożyciowe poradnictwo kariery. Nowy model życia człowieka spowodował jednak potrzebę wypracowania nowych modeli, również w poradnictwie. Tego z pewnością niełatwego wyzwania podejmuje się wielu badaczy wywodzących się z różnych dziedzin nauki. Pierwsze nowoczesne teorie poradnictwa kariery M. Savickasa i J. Guicharda zostały wypracowane na początku XXI wieku i opierają się na modelu konstrukcji życia Life Design. Pojawiają się jednak wątpliwości, czy mogą być wykorzystane w pracy z młodzieżą szkolną.
Edukacja
|
2014
|
issue 4(129)
50–61
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania dotyczącego roli klimatu uczenia się i zaspokajania podstawowych potrzeb psychicznych, w ujęciu teorii autodeterminacji, w kontekście procesu formowania się tożsamości. Badaniu poddano 75 uczniów będących w okresie dorastania (13–20 lat), uczących się w gimnazjach i liceach ogólnokształcących, w których realizowany był tutoring. Posłużono się trzema kwestionariuszami: Kwestionariuszem klimatu uczenia się (LCQ), Skalą podstawowych potrzeb psychicznych (BPNS) oraz Skalą wymiarów rozwoju tożsamości (DIDS/PL). Wykazano, że spostrzeganie szkoły jako wspierającej autonomię ucznia oraz zaspokojenie potrzeby autonomii pozwala przewidywać większe natężenie podejmowania zobowiązań oraz identyfikacji z nimi, a niższe – eksploracji ruminacyjnej. Zaspokojenie potrzeby kompetencji okazało się natomiast istotne dla identyfikacji ze zobowiązaniami. Wykazano, że poczucie zaspokojenia potrzeb jest mediatorem pomiędzy klimatem uczenia się a wymiarami tożsamości.
XX
The paper presents the results of a study into the role of learning climate perception, satisfaction of basic psychological needs (both embedded within self-determination theory) for the process of identity development. The study group consisted of 75 adolescent students (age 13–20), who came from schools implementing the tutoring method. Three questionnaires were used: Learning Climate Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs Scale and Dimensions of Identity Development Scale. The results showed that perception of learning climate as autonomy supportive and satisfaction of need for autonomy results in higher level of commitment and identification with it and lower level of ruminative exploration. Satisfying the need for competence was important for identification with commitment. The sense of needs satisfaction plays a mediating role between learning climate perception and identity dimensions.
EN
The aim of the study was to present the relationship between attachment styles and the dimensions of identity development. The theoretical framework of current research constitutes: Attachment Theory by Bowlby (2007) as well as his followers (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), and a concept of Identity Development in the Identity Status Paradigm (Brzezińska & Piotrowski, 2010), which is based on the Psychosocial Development Theory by Erikson (1997). The participants were 109 students from different universities and classes. The experiment was questionnairebased – the participants filled out the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. The results suggested a relationship between anxious-avoidant and preoccupied attachment styles and specific dimensions of identity development.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badania, wskazujących na istnienie związków pomiędzy stylami przywiązania a wymiarami rozwoju tożsamości. Ramę teoretyczną dla tej pracy stanowi z jednej strony teoria przywiązania w ujęciu zarówno Johna Bowlby’ego (2007), jak i kontynuatorów jego pracy (Bartholomew, Horowitz, 1991) oraz koncepcja rozwoju tożsamości w paradygmacie statusów tożsamości (Brzezińska, Piotrowski, 2010) wywodząca się z teorii rozwoju psychospołecznego Erika Eriksona (1997). Przebadano 109 studentów, studiujących na różnych uczelniach i kierunkach. Badanie miało charakter kwestionariuszowy – badani wypełniali Skalę Wymiarów Rozwoju Tożsamości (DIDS) oraz Skale Związków (RQ). Wyniki badań wykazały istnienie związków pomiędzy stylami przywiązania lękowo-unikającym i zaabsorbowanym a specyficznymi wymiarami rozwoju tożsamości.
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