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EN
During the renovation of the stalls, situated in the choir of monastery church Our Lady of Angels, done in 2010 we have found several important things. The stalls, with many seats in 2 rows, were put along 3 walls of the choir. There were many times before mentioned in literature, but always dated after 1632 or even later. They consists of many parts made in different times, but the oldest and most interesting are backs of the seats: in the architectural shape with scenes from the life of Holy Mary in bas-relief, surrounded by strapwork ornament. When there were dismantled first time since end of XVII century, on the other side was found, written in sanguine, date: “1617 in Augusto” with signatures of – no doubts – authors. There were several names, sometimes hard to read: twice appeared name of Thomas Barwinek from Krakow; one, of which we know only origin “ from Sieciechow”, then “Tobias Pokorny”, “Alensa[kowicz?]” and others. Beneath, with a different writing character was found inscription: “1696 die 22 Mai”. The first inscription means the end of work on stalls, and it is exactly the same, as we can date basing on the strapwork ornament. Analysing 2 middle scenes we assume that they concern episode of St. Francis ’s life, exactly the moment when he asked for indulgence for pilgrims coming to pray at the church of Holy Mary of Angels, also called Porziuncula by Assisi. This choice of scenes, without anything common to the main subject, is probably connected with similar indulgence, that Franciscan church in Kalwaria obtained in 1612. It indicates, that they started to carve the stalls in 1612 or just after that date. Both scenes are also connected with the name of church – the same as by Assisi. The first of them, Adoration of Holy Mary with Jesus by St. Francis and Franciscan monks, has added later 3 carved coats of arms, connected with Michal Zebrzydowski – the youngest member of Zebrzydowski family – monastery founders. Maybe the seat beneath coats of arms was reserved to this family? During the renovation it was decided that backs of the stalls were made as a whole and nobody ever planned to paint them, apart from mussels, put over bas-reliefs, which were painted blue and gilt. The only added elements were small bas-reliefs, nailed over the primary decoration of frieze: blue panels with gilt sentence, which was part of primer prayer to St. Francis. They were made in the same style as the rest of decoration, so they are probably coming from the first baldachin, removed in 1696. In that time the church was enlarged and they made the new baldachin in a form of balcony with balustrade and wooden vases – similar to the new music choir. Both baldachin and balustrade were later on changed once again. The present balustrade, looking very primitively as a kind of naïf Baroque , was made during the church renovation in years 1793-1832. This renovation, done by father Tulinski, was much criticised later. Stalls were then renovated around half of XIX cent., when were made present lower benches, baldachin, columns and lectern. There were decorated with wooden inlays and veneer, the same as furniture in the sacristy, with date on them: 1859. The last elements were added after the monographic essay on Kalwaria, written by prof. Szablowski in 1933. There were carved quite primitively in pinewood. The last discovery reminds us names of authors. I also proves,that stalls are older than it was suspected. We estimate them as a very good example of early Dutch Mannerism style in Poland. Backboards, together with the oldest chapels of Kalwaria make evidence, how far to the south of Poland came influences of North European art. Maybe it was because of Paul Baudarth, chapels’ designer, who probably brought to woodcarvers some graphic patterns, or maybe made some sketches himself? Translated by Elżbieta Pytlarz
PL
W bogatej twórczości krakowskiego artysty Adolfa Hyły, postaci niezbyt znanej w polskiej historii sztuki XX wieku, można odnaleźć oprócz licznych realizacji Jezusa Miłosiernego, także inne przedstawienia malarskie. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje ikonografia maryjna w liczbie sześćdziesięciu pięciu obrazów. Wśród dzieł o tej tematyce najliczniejszą grupę stanowią przedstawienia ukazujące Maryję jako Matkę Boską Fatimską. Malowidła inspirowane bezpośrednio objawieniami maryjnymi w Fatimie stanowią interesujący przykład utrwalonej na płótnie czci Matki Boskiej Fatimskiej obecnej w życiu Adolfa Hyły. Historie poszczególnych dwudziestu dwóch realizacji ikonograficznych powstałe w latach 1948-1957 ukazane zostały w kluczu chronologicznym. Do tej pory ustalono lokalizację siedemnastu obrazów Matki Boskiej Fatimskiej. Znajdują się one w kościele kapucynów Sędziszowie Małopolskim, w Krynicy Zdroju u sióstr loretanek, w Krakowie u sióstr sercanek, w kościele parafialnym w: Mikołowie, Rybnej, Żyrakowie, Rudzie Śląskiej-Wir- ku, Gliwicach, Dąbrowie k. Niemodlina, Szczurowej i Ostrołęce, w klasztorze sióstr Matki Bożej Miłosierdzia w krakowskich Łagiewnikach, w kaplicy Żeńskiego Trzeciego Zakonu św. Franciszka w Krakowie czy u sióstr elżbietanek we Wrocławiu i w Poznaniu.
EN
In a wide range of art works of Adolf Hyła, a little known in the Polish art history of the twentieth century artist from Krakow, there are many images of Divine Mercy but also other paintings. Special attention should be paid to his 65 images of Marian iconography. These paintings inspired by the Apparitions of Our Lady at Fatima are an interesting illustration of Adolf Hyła’s devotion to Our Lady of Fatima captured on canvas. Among paintings on that subject the most numerous are those showing Our Lady of Fatima. The history of each of twenty-two iconographic works created between 1948-1957 is shown in chronological order. Up to now the location of seventeen paintings of Our Lady of Fatima is known. They are in the Church of the Capuchins in Sędziszów Małopolski, the convent of Sisters of Loreto in Krynica Zdrój, the convent of Sisters of the Sacred Heart in Kraków. Furthermore, they can be seen in parish churches in Mikołów, Rybna, Żyraków, Ruda Śląska-Wirek, Gliwice, Dąbrowa near Niemodlin, Szczurowa and Ostrołęka, and also in the convent of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy in Kraków-Łagiewniki, in the chapel the Third Order of St. Francis in Kraków and the convents of Sisters of Saint Elizabeth in Wrocław and Poznań.
DE
Durch den Nachlass des Krakauer Künstlers Adolf Hyła (1897-1965) zeigt sich, welchen bedeutenden Stellenwert die christologische Verwirklichung wie auch die Marienikonografie für ihn hatte. Unter den 65 Bildern zu diesem Themenkreis finden wir auch die Mariendarstellungen als Schmerzensmutter. Eine Inspiration für ihre Entstehung waren Bilder der Mater Dolorosa von Carlo Dolci, einem italienischen Maler und Vertreter des Barocks. Bei der Darlegung und Erläuterung der Entstehungsgeschichte einzelner ikonografischer Darstellungen, die in den Jahren 1940 bis 1962 entstanden, wurde in chronologischer Reihenfolge gearbeitet. Mithilfe der Katalogsammlung über die Werke des Malers und im Rahmen der durchgeführten wissenschaftlichen Recherche konnten alle sechs Bilder der Schmerzensmutter aufgefunden werden. Zwei davon befinden sich in privatem Besitz und vier weitere sind in der Pfarrgemeinde Bolechowice bei Krakau in Wojnicz bzw. in der Pfarrkirche in Spie und in der Klosterkapelle der Töchter der Schmerzensmutter in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska.
EN
In the entire painting heritage of the Cracow artist Adolf Hyła, who lived in the years 1897-1965, alongside leading Christological realizations, Marian iconography had a special place. Among the sixty-five paintings on this subject, there are also representations showing Mary as Our Lady of Sorrows. The inspiration for the creation of these works were paintings by Carl Dolci, an Italian painter of the Baroque period, in the Mater Dolorosa type. In discussing the history of individual iconographic realizations created in the years 1940-1962, a chronological key was used. Thanks to the preserved catalog of Hyła’s works and during the search, all six paintings of Our Lady of Sorrows were found. Two of them are in the hands of private owners, and the other four are: in the parish of Bolechowice near Cracow and in Wojnicz, in the parish church in Spie and in the religious chapel of the Seraphic Sisters in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska.
PL
W całej spuściźnie malarskiej krakowskiego artysty Adolfa Hyły, żyjącego w latach 1897-1965, oprócz wiodących realizacji chrystologicznych szczególne miejsca zajmowała także ikonografia maryjna. Wśród sześćdziesięciu pięciu obrazów o tej tematyce znajdują się również przedstawienia ukazujące Maryję jako Matkę Bożą Bolesną. Inspiracją do powstania tych dzieł były malowidła autorstwa Carla Dolciego, włoskiego malarza okresu baroku, w typie Mater Dolorosy. W omawianiu historii poszczególnych realizacji ikonograficznych powstałych w latach 1940-1962 zastosowano klucz chronologiczny. Dzięki zachowanemu katalogowi dzieł artysty oraz w trakcie przeprowadzonej kwerendy odnaleziono wszystkie sześć obrazów Matki Bożej Bolesnej. Dwa z nich znajdują się w rękach prywatnych właścicieli, a pozostałe cztery: w parafii Bolechowice k. Krakowa i w Wojniczu, w kościele parafialnym w Spiach i w kaplicy zakonnej sióstr serafitek w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej.
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