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1

Dialoge als Sequenzen von Sprechakten unter besonderer Beachtung der illokutiven Partikeln

100%
Laskowski M.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2014
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vol. 139
213 - 227
EN
Present-day German is notorious for its extensive use of particles of all kinds. This paper discusses a very important linguistic problem of dialogues as sequences of speech acts with special consideration of the illocutive particles. The article deals with speech particles that can be used by the Speaker to govern the Hearer’s understanding of the speech. The aim of the paper is to join in the discussion about the role of particles in the speech acts and their direct correlation in the dialogues.
2

Scepticism about reflexive intentions refuted

100%
Witek M.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2009
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vol. 5
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issue 1
69-83
EN
The aim of this paper is to resist four arguments, originally developed by Mark Siebel, that seem to support scepticism about reflexive communicative intentions. I argue, first, that despite their complexity reflexive intentions are thinkable mental representations. To justify this claim, I offer an account of the cognitive mechanism that is capable of producing an intention whose content refers to the intention itself. Second, I claim that reflexive intentions can be individuated in terms of their contents. Third, I argue that the explanatory power of the theory of illocutionary reflexive intentions is not as limited as it would initially seem. Finally, I reject the suggestion that the conception of reflexive communicative intentions ascribes to a language user more cognitive abilities than he or she really has.
3
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Структурно-полевой подход к синтаксической фразеологии русского языка. Часть I

88%
Pavlova A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2022
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vol. 2
361–375
EN
The paper deals with the problems of the structural-field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomenon as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in systems of level hierarchy. The paper demonstrates the advantages and possibilities of the structural-field approach. It aims at studying the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in construction grammar. They are constantly reproduced in spoken language and filled in with concrete vocabulary. They are stable syntactic models of idiomatic character that are retrieved from memory as whole entities rather than by separate units (the meaning of a filled model cannot be deduced without prior knowledge of its structure and its semantics per se). The properties, namely polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a construction ceases to be a phraseme. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are viewed from the perspective of an increase and decrease of these characteristics, making the study of phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes possible. The structural-field approach waives the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality at different levels. The use of the field approach and its methodological advantages are explained through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.
4

Speech acts and the autonomy of linguistic pragmatics

75%
Witczak-Plisiecka I.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2009
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vol. 5
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issue 1
85-106
EN
This paper comments on selected problems of the definition of linguistic pragmatics with a focus on notions associated with speech act theory in the tradition of John Langshaw Austin. In more detail it concentrates on the (ir)relevance of the use of the Austinian categorisation into locution, illocution, and perlocution in locating a divide in between pragmatics and semantics, and especially the distinction between the locutionary act and the illocutionary act and its implications for the definition of pragmatics and its separation from the semantic theory.The relation between form and meaning is further briefly reviewed against dichotomies including the Gricean and neo-Gricean ‘what is said’ versus ‘what is implicated’ or meant, between what can be ‘locuted’, but not said, and what can be said, but not asserted. These dichotomies are related to the theoretical commitments as to the accepted operative forces in speech acts, primarily convention and intention. It is suggested that, roughly, the development of the speech act theory can be viewed as a process by which the theory moves away from its originally sociolinguistic orientation towards a more psychologistic account, which in turn leads towards diminishing the role of (traditional) semantics and the subsequent juxtaposition of pragmatics and syntax rather than pragmatics and semantics.
5
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Лексичний повтор в аксіологічних комунікативних актах персонажів у художньому тексті (на матеріалі сучасної української малої прози)

75%
Finniv V.
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
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2017
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vol. 5
63-71
PL
The article establishes the role of the repeated nominations in the development and implementation of a strategic-tactical narrative of a character. It also describes the conception of estimation as well as analyzes the essence of “Evaluative-shaped nomination,” “axiological strategy and tactics,” and “estimates speech act”. Moreover, the paper presents a typology of communication strategies and tactics, determines the role of repeated lexemes in formulating and implementing assessment in the expression of dominant and recessive assessment
6
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Прагматика второго лица

75%
Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2020
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vol. XXII/1
5-30
EN
The author considers the correlation between grammar and pragmatics as a problem of functional linguistics. The discussion focuses on pragmatic restrictions concerning the use of grammatical forms, i.e., the extent to which the grammatical meaning corresponds to the characteristics of speech acts. In this respect, the author analyzes Russian imperfective verbs in the second person of indicative. The analysis of the material collected from the Internet corpus of the Russian language demonstrates that the verbs in the 2nd person form are rarely used to implement the representative (assertive) speech acts. However, the use of verbs of the 2nd person in the general-personal, indefinite-personal and in the meaning of the 1st person is very common. The author concludes that the pragmatic-cultural factor is decisive in limiting the use of the verbs in the 2nd person form.
7

Dlaczego spowiedź jest spoko? O niektórych zmianach w języku współczesnej katechezy

63%
Wojtak M.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2010
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vol. 21
163-174
EN
The article treats of a catechetical handbook addressed to the youth, in which the essence of the sacrament of reconciliation has been presented. The handbook’s author applies the principles of integral catechesis i.e., one based on many sources, within the framework of advice-giving writing convention, which consists in rather clear and precise presentation of specific phenomena, convincing the readers to truthfulness and adequacy of a given vision and inducing them to change convictions and also attitudes towards the issues in question. Due to the filter of the genre, not all components of the language of integral catechesis can be found in the author’s narration. The catechesis turns more into an argument popularizing knowledge, reportage, colloquial storytelling. Additionally, it includes other intertextual references – to the rite, sacrament and to varied subcultural statements. Because the rules of subjective and objective appropriateness become mingled, the text may contain the elements of the language of theology applied functionally (especially terms), colloquial and slang forms. Catechesis, especially outside school, does not need to refer to stereotypical and dead formulas, diverting the audience from the subject of cognition.
8
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УКРАЇНСЬКІ ПАРЕМІЇ ЯК МОВЛЕННЄВІ АКТИ

54%
КАЛЬКО В.
Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 2
33-44
PL
Paremie to stałe jednostki językowe, odtwarzane przez mówcę w utartej formie. Ich funkcja zależy od celu komunikacji zapewnianego przez nadawcę zbiorowego, czyli naród. Paremie należą do docelowych aktów mówienia, co przekłada się na potrzebę zbadania ich pod kątem specyficznej pragmatyki. Obecność mocy illokucyjnej w paremiach powoduje ich przekształcenie w akty mówienia, co świadczy o dyskursywnej istocie semiozy paremicznej. W zależności od illokucji ukraińskie przysłowia mogą przybierać charakter stwierdzenia, konstatacji, zastrzeżenia, obietnicy, groźby, rozkazu, porady, oceny itp. Dla ukraińskich paremii charakterystyczna jest illokucja aktów mówienia: reprezentatyw, dyrektyw oraz ekspresyw. Konstatuje się obecność w paremicznym korpusie języka ukraińskiego złożonych aktów mówienia, które wyrażają różnice pomiędzy illokucją a mocą illokucyjną.
EN
Proverbs are fixed linguistic symbols reproduced by the speaker, which are characterized by a communicative purpose, given by the collective addressee – by a folk. They are purposeful speech actions, speech acts of which prompt to study the peculiarities of their pragmatics. The presence of independent illocutionary forces in proverbs transforms them into speech acts, which is also evidence of the discursive nature of proverbial semiosis. Depending on the intention, proverb statements can take on the semantic status of affirmation, ascertaining, promise, warning, threat, order, requirement, advice, еvaluation etc. It also singles out pragmatically shaped features of the Ukrainian paremia possessing genuine illocution for such speech acts as representatives, directives, or expressives. The thesis reveals the indirect speech acts in the Ukrainian paremia stock that are characterized by imbalance between illocution and illocutionary force.
9

Media pragmalinguistics in sport reports and transmission

51%
Nowak P.
Studia Linguistica
|
2014
|
issue 33
97 - 111
EN
The description of speech acts and linguistic cooperation rules in sports transmissions demonstrates that pragmalinguistic theories and tools do not allow to unequivocally describe the communication between journalist and viewer, listener or Internet user, because of the differences between interpersonal communication and media communication. The pragmalinguistics of direct communication is one-act pragmatics and relations pragmatics. However, the pragmalinguistics of media, society and public is two- or multi-act pragmatics. This way, in its intention bundle it includes constative/assertive/representative illocution, but also acts as an evaluative assertive, media assertive declarative, deliberative and modal act, comissive, expressive and directive. Nevertheless, depending on the kind of discipline, the participation of Polish sportsmen, the rank of competition and many different factors, their self-agency and conventionality of audience’s expectations or reactions happens to be, on the one hand, predictable and effective, but on the other hand it might be suspended, parenthetical or postponed, it might also end with communicational failure. That is why it is so hard for the senders of transmission to make the decision whether to be baroque in the broadcast or to be trite in a pragmatic and communicational sense. In the fear of losing even a fraction of this varied audience, journalists, editors and producers of programs try to find a communicational and pragmatic compromise, which translates into commentator duos. In each of them one sender is responsible for seducing with eloquence, being over-the-top and using excessively original metaphors; the other one carries the burden of the realization of the rite routine, giving the recipients a feel of security, verbalizing all the parts of the media skeleton anticipated by the audience. And that is what the pragmalinguistic recipe for a successful sport broadcast looks like for now.
10
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Wann wird Schweigen zum Sprechakt? Illokutionen im Grenzbereich sprachlichen Handelns

51%
Topczewska U.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 5
217-229
EN
The aim of this paper is to show that silence in a conversation can be an indirect speech act in Searle’s sense of the concept. The manifold semiotic functions of silence that will be presented in the paper suggest that it is an independent segment in a series of utterances, and thus constitutes a speech act separate from the preceding and following verbal acts. Its interpretation depends on conventions, but these conventions rarely evoke only symbolic procedures in contrast to direct speech acts. In most cases, pauses in speech also initiate a symptomatic interpretation procedure as defined by Rudi Keller, leading to indirect conclusions about the communicative intentions of the speakers.
DE
Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, zu zeigen, dass Schweigen im Gespräch ein indirekter Sprechakt im Sinne von Searle sein kann. Die vielfältigen semiotischen Funktionen von Sprechpausen, die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden, legen nahe, dass es sich um ein unabhängiges Segment in einer Reihe von Äußerungen handelt, und somit um einen Sprechakt, der von den vorangehenden und folgenden verbalen Handlungen getrennt ist. Seine Interpretation hängt von Konventionen ab, die allerdings im Gegensatz zu direkten Sprechhandlungen selten ausschließlich symbolische Verfahren hervorrufen. In den meisten Fällen lösen Sprechpausen auch ein von Keller definiertes symptomatisches Interpretationsverfahren aus, das zu indirekten Schlussfolgerungen über die Kommunikationsabsichten der Sprecher führt.
PL
Kiedy milczenie jest aktem mowy? Illokucje na pograniczu działań językowych Celem artykułu jest ukazanie milczenia jako niewerbalnego pośredniego aktu mowy. Wielorakie funkcje semiotyczne milczenia pozwalają traktować je jako samodzielny segment w ciągu wypowiedzeń, któremu odpowiada działanie odrębne od poprzedzającego i/lub następującego po nim działania werbalnego. Interpretacja milczenia rzadko jednak opiera się wyłącznie na symbolicznych procedurach interpretacyjnych; milczenie jest zwykle interpretowane nie jako działanie symboliczne, lecz jako symptom intencji komunikacyjnych mówcy, który zaniechał aktu werbalnego.   Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, zu zeigen, dass Schweigen im Gespräch ein indirekter Sprechakt im Sinne von Searle sein kann. Die vielfältigen semiotischen Funktionen von Sprechpausen, die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden, legen nahe, dass es sich um ein unabhängiges Segment in einer Reihe von Äußerungen handelt, und somit um einen Sprechakt, der von den vorangehenden und folgenden verbalen Handlungen getrennt ist. Seine Interpretation hängt von Konventionen ab, die allerdings im Gegensatz zu direkten Sprechhandlungen selten ausschließlich symbolische Verfahren hervorrufen. In den meisten Fällen lösen Sprechpausen auch ein von Keller definiertes symptomatisches Interpretationsverfahren aus, das zu indirekten Schlussfolgerungen über die Kommunikationsabsichten der Sprecher führt.
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