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PL
The aim of this paper is to present tools for analyzing the ethics of utterances in the face-to-face conversation with the use of speech act theory. In particular, an attempt is made to show that ethical examination of the utterance can consist in analyzing its illocution (intention) and perlocution (effect). Additionally, it is proposed that treating a speech act as complementary can be used in the analysis of utterances as those which demand ethical or non-ethical answer.
EN
This paper revisits intervention effects in Mandarin Chinese why-questions. I present new data showing that the ability for quantifiers to induce intervention hinges upon their monotonicity and their ability to be interpreted as topics. I then develop a semantic account that correlates topicality with monotone properties. Furthermore, I propose that why-questions in Chinese are idiosyncratic in that why directly merges at a high scope position that stays above a propositional argument. Combining the semantic idiosyncrasies of why-questions with the wide scope behaviors of topicality, I conclude that my account explains a wide range of intervention phenomena in terms of interpretation failure.
EN
The present paper aims to investigate which types of speech acts play a dominant role in the texts of online job advertisements, to what extent those acts are realised indirectly, and what purposes this indirectness may serve. The research is based on an analysis of a corpus comprising 100 online recruitment ads, of which 60 appeared in the Internet editions of three major UK newspapers, and the remaining 40 were found on two of the leading UK job portals. Methodologically the study is grounded in the cognitive approach to speech act theory, whereby the speech act taxonomy as proposed by J. Searle is treated as prototypical categorisation enhancing the organisation and systematicity of the analysis. The findings indicate that over a half of the micro-acts identified in the sample are realised indirectly. The two largest categories comprise assertions and ‘complex’/ambiguous micro-acts, both performing the functions of boasting and promising, and thus contributing to the overall persuasive appeal of recruitment ads.
EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the role of the use of verbs illocutionary verdictives, exercitives, commissives, behabitives and expositives in building the press image. Author in the studies undertaken refers to the theory of speech acts of John Langshaw Austin and to journalistic issues of defining and creating the image. In the text are analysed press articles of magazines “Rzeczpospolita” and “Gazeta Wyborcza”, in the period between May 25, 2015 and August 15, 2015, for determining the image of the Polish Episcopal Conference in the dimension of his political engagement, after concluded the presidential election of 2015.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie roli zastosowania czasowników illokucyjnych verdictives, exercitives, commissives, behabitives i expositives w budowaniu wizerunku prasowego. Autor w podjętych badaniach odwołuje się do pragmatycznej analizy działań językowych Johna Langshawa Austina oraz zagadnień prasoznawczych dotyczących definiowania i kreowania wizerunku. W tekście dokonana zostaje analiza tekstów ogólnopolskich dzienników „Rzeczpospolita” i „Gazeta Wyborcza”, z okresu 25 maja–15 sierpnia 2015 r. pod kątem określenia wizerunku Konferencji Episkopatu Polski w wymiarze jej zaangażowania politycznego, po zakończonych wyborach prezydenckich w 2015 r.
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