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The objective of this article is to describe the thematic images of Amhara women in oral poetry. The study is based on field research conducted in rural areas of Western Gojjam and Awi Zone. The data was collected by observation, interview, and focus group discussion. For documentary evidence, twelve informants were selected with the use of a purposive sampling technique. The research method employed was ethnographic qualitative description. The result revealed that the images reflected through oral poems address women mainly as wives, their particular aspects refer to love, woman’s attitude towards marriage issues, divorce, and include general knowledge, understanding of the life and personages within women’s worldview. By the same token, oral poetry portrayed those women as inferior to men. Finally, the study recommended a further research on oral literature of Amhara region of Ethiopia.
EN
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the image of women in the books of national and civic education of basic education in Jordan. To achieve the purpose of the study, content analysis was utilized. Results of the study indicated that the woman’s image in these books is traditional and atypical because of her low and weak participation in public jobs, restricted participation in traditional jobs, restriction of her roles in the home, limited positive characterization of her roles, and her appearance as a follower and helper to men. Finally, the significance of this study lies in its contribution to educational reforms related to woman image and textbooks.
EN
Background. Human self-esteem is being created along with development of self-consciousness and self-knowledge under the influence of anatomical, physiological, psychological and social factors. Psychological and social factors are opinions, criticism made by other people which one hears about oneself, also personal triumphs and failures and comparisons with role-models. Comparison concerns a lot of aspects of life including personal appearance. The aim of this paper was to learn how women’s image presented in TV commercials is seen by girls in late adolescence and to establish its effect on their self-esteem and their perception of others. Material and methods. A group of 256 school girls from Wrocław aged 16–18 years was analysed. The methods of diagnostic survey and survey techniques were used. Results. It was found that advertising has a major impact on the image of modern women’s and girls’ perception of themselves and other women. This was reflected in their decisions to change their appearance. Conclusions. The image of a woman created by advertisements affected the girls’ appreciation of their appearance, which, however, did not translate into their global self-esteem.
EN
The article’s aim is to present the main female characters of the epic poem La Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered) by Torquato Tasso (translation by Piotr Kochanowski), i.e. the witch Armida, the warrior-maiden Clorinda and the princess Erminia. Their behaviour is based on the symbolic, historical and social contexts. The article tries to answer the question concerning the functions women had in Tasso’s poem. The author created female characters in such a way that they became the leading participants of the events and had much more prominent roles to play than expected from women in this kindle of poems. The decisions taken by the heroines influence the course of events.
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