Search results

1

О информативном потенцијалу просте реченице

100%

Ивић [Ivić] М. M.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2010

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vol. 10

EN

On the informational capacity of a non‑complex sentence structureThis study aims to complement the theoretical and descriptive literature on the problem concerning the amount of information that can be packeged within a single non‑complex sentence structure. The author points to various circumstances which provoque the rising of its informational capacity.

2

Tabubewältigung und Emotionen: Emotionsbasierte Implikaturen im Sprechakt der Andeutung

100%

Byelozyorova O.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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issue 17

55-63

EN

This paper deals with linguistic coping with verbal taboos through hints and focuses on e-implicatures and their triggers. These e-implicatures are based on emotional knowledge and give an affective judgement about the tabooed state-of-affairs. Emotions which evoke e-implicatures include disgust and fear and their tertiary dyad shame. Both verbal (euphemisms and aposiopesis) and non-verbal triggers (prosodic, kinetic and proxemics) ensure felicity of implying.

3

“The big red giant will explode”: Géza Hofi’s political implicatures from the happiest barracks in the socialist camp

88%

Nemesi A. L.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

By taking a pragma-rhetorical approach, this article characterises the genre of Géza Hofi’s political humour, developed during the communist Kádár era in Hungary, and investigates implicature as his main rhetorical device for conveying politically sensitive messages to the audience. Three of his most popular and representative performances from the mid-1970s and early 1980s are selected for a thorough investigation of how the use of tropes and certain figures of thought creates implicatures and identification between the actor-humorist and the viewers/listeners. It is demonstrated that Hofi’s theatrical stand-up comedy (or performance comedy) makes a monologic genre quasi-dialogic, another necessary component of the special atmosphere of his performances. The analysis is embedded into the East-Central European political context of the Cold War. In addition, the Hungarian societal climate of that time is also touched upon in order to provide better insight into the Hofi-phenomenon.

4

Lying and the Relevance-Theoretic Explicit/Implicit Distinction

88%

Kisielewska-Krysiuk M.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2016

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issue 25/2

73-86

EN

The focus of the paper is on lying in verbal communication. The main aim of the paper is to examine the act of lying with reference to the explicit/implicit distinction in the cognitive, relevance-theoretic, model of utterance comprehension (cf. Sperber and Wilson [1986] 1995; 2004; Wilson and Sperber 2002; 2012), which rejected the maxim of truthfulness for the sake of the Principle of Relevance. The paper views lying in the context of interpersonal communication, as a pragmatic act and a linguistic strategy intentionally employed by the speaker to manipulate the hearer’s interpretation of an utterance. Since encoded linguistic meaning (logical form) falls far short of determining the proposition expressed by an utterance (explicature) and its implicatures, there is a potential for a liar to achieve his/her goal by influencing the interpretation process at different stages of pragmatic enrichment. Accordingly, an attempt is made in the paper to categorize lies by placing them along the explicit-implicit continuum, depending on the type of pragmatic task that is to lead the hearer to a false belief.

5

Discourse implicature, Quintilian and the Lucidity Principle: rhetorical phenomena in pragmatics

88%

Burke M.

Topics in Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 17

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issue 1

1-16

EN

At a meta-level this article seeks to reduce the perceived gap that exists between classical rhetoric on the one hand and linguistics on the other. The linguistic focus here will be on pragmatics and discourse phenomena. In this article, the main tenets of classical rhetoric will first be set out. Thereafter, some examples of productive crossover work from both sides that has sought to unify rhetoric and pragmatics will be discussed. Next, a number of suggestions will be put forward as to why there has been so little cooperation. These will highlight aspects of scope and audience. Finally, some solutions will be offered as to how those perceived stumbling blocks might be eliminated. In this discussion, there will be a particular focus on the pragmatic notion of implicature from the perspective of Grice, the neo-Griceans and also the Roman rhetorician Quintilian. In the case of the latter, his ideas on the importance of lucidity in productive discourse situations will be explored and recast within a light of modern pragmatic theory.

6

Pragmatics, Micropragmatics, Macropragmatics

75%

Cap P.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 2

195-228

EN

The paper addresses the distinction between micropragmatics and macropragmatics. It is postulated that this differentiation, a consequence of a number of controversies surrounding the core field of pragmatics, does manifest a number of conceptual merits and methodological feasibility. The article also aims to elaborate on the four concepts central to the methodology of pragmatics, i.e. deixis, presupposition, implicature and speech acts, from an essentially ‘micropragmatic’ perspective, describing their contribution to the proposition of an utterance, its illocutionary force, and a wide range of effects the utterance may produce. At the same time, however, three relativities-regularities are indicated and presented as prompts for an integrated study of intentionality at the macro level of discourse/text.

7

Rekurzivní čtení mysli: role vzájemnosti v myšlení a komunikaci

63%

Koťátko P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue 3

445-470

EN

The paper is a critical reaction to Christopher Gauker’s general attack on the Gricean way of thinking about linguistic communication and, in particular, on the role it assigns to the phenomenon of recursive mindreading. The author rejects the claim that the Gricean analysis of meaning something by an utterance is psychologically totally unrealistic, in particular because of the role which the element of recursive mindreading plays in the conditions in definiens. In this connection, the author defends a certain account of philosophical analysis, its functions and the proper interpretation of its results (Ch. 2). On the same basis, the author critically examines Gauker’s rejection of Grice’s analysis of conversational implicatures, as well as of the very reality of Gricean implicatures as a communicative phenomenon (Ch. 3). He concludes that Gauker’s alternative to Grice’s theory of implicatures, leaving no space for recursive mindreading, does not address the same questions as Grice’s theory, and its contribution to the explanation of the nature of communicative interaction is rather limited (Ch. 4). In opposition to a widely shared view, the author argues that Gricean semantics is compatible with the assumption that higher-order thoughts, required by recursive mindreading, are inaccessible to autistic speakers. There is still a good sense in which they can be regarded as meaning something by their utterances and performing speech acts (Ch. 5). The last part of the discussion concerns Gauker’s criticism of the “generalized Griceanism” in M. Tomassello’s work, in particular of the role that Tomassello assigns to the recursive mindreading in his analysis of coordination problems. Concerning this role, the author arrives at rather sceptical conclusions, for different reasons than those underlying Gauker’s criticism (Ch. 6).

CS

Článek je obhajobou Griceovy sémantiky a pragmatiky a zvláště role, kterou v ní hraje předpoklad tzv. „rekurzivního čtení mysli“. Diskuse na toto téma, vedená převážně jako polemika s Griceovým oponentem Christopherem Gaukerem, je pojata jako příležitost k úvahám o povaze jazykové komunikace, o roli vzájemnosti v postojích jejích účastníků, o úloze filosofické analýzy v této sféře a o adekvátním čtení jejích výsledků.

8

Unveiling the Other - the Pragmatics of Infosuasion

63%

Kopytowska M.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 2

249-282

EN

The present paper, starting from the assumption that television news is "the main source" (Robinson and Levy 1986) and a key player in the democratic process explores the media-politics interface, along with the ideological conditioning and cultural embedding of the news discourse, understood both as a process and as a product. The objective behind it is threefold. Firstly, it is to examine the media mechanisms accounting for the process of ‘infosuasion’, i.e. persuading the viewers under the guise of delivering information in the form of neutral and balanced reporting, thereby shaping their perceptions of the self and the "Other". Secondly, it is to demonstrate the dialectics between the news media and political elites, visible in the CNN representation of Iranians and its contingency on the anti-nuclear discourse of the Bush Administration. Finally, it is to maximize the validity of an eclectic approach, combining pragmatic and semiotic perspectives, in the domain of news media discourse along with the processes within this discourse and the practices behind it.

9

Analiza językowa komentarzy redakcyjnych publikowanych w „Nowinach Sokólskich” pod kątem zróżnicowanego odbioru zawartych w nich implikatur

63%

Białomyzy J.

Rozprawy Komisji Językowej ŁTN

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2017

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vol. LXIV

13-29

EN

This paper aims at proving the manipulative character of articles from the weekly newspaper, especially those regarding local politicians, by means of analysing the texts from “Nowiny Sokólskie” (a popular weekly newspaper in Sokółka District resembling a soft tabloid). This periodical is concerned with the most interesting news from the Sokółka District (Podlaskie Province). The texts are tackled from the perspective of occurrence of implicatures. The intentions present in the articles is what constitutes their integral part , given the fact that comprehending these intentions is crucial for the mutual understanding of the author and the reader along with the persuasive effect of the communication. The linguistic analysis has been carried out from the perspective of varied interpretations of implicatures depending on the type of recipient, their general knowledge and whether they can properly decode the intended message. Given this, the statements of the author may be in conflict with the so-called conversational maxims – rules defined by Paul Grice (among other linguists), referring to communicative values of the language. Besides, just like in case of any other communicative situation we also have to do with implicatures – the meaning that is not stated directly.

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie manipulacyjnego charakteru tekstów z tygodnika regionalnego, szczególnie odnoszących się do postaci miejscowych polityków, poprzez analizę tekstów prasowych z „Nowin Sokólskich” (poczytny tygodnik informacyjny w powiecie sokólskim, mający charakter gazety popularnej – soft tabloid). Tygodnik poświęcony jest najciekawszym informacjom z powiatu sokólskiego (województwo podlaskie). W niniejszym artykule teksty wyekscerpowane z „Nowin Sokólskich” badane są pod kątem występowania implikatur. Intencje obecne w wypowiedziach są ich składową, gdyż od poprawnego ich odczytania zależy wzajemne zrozumienie się nadawcy i odbiorcy oraz efekt perswazyjny wypowiedzi. Analiza językowa została poprowadzona pod kątem zróżnicowanego odbioru implikatur w zależności od typu odbiorcy, tego, jaką dysponuje on wiedzą o świecie, i od tego, czy jest w stanie przeprowadzić odpowiednie wnioskowanie, aby odczytać przekaz zgodnie z intencją autora. Co za tym idzie, wypowiedzi autora mogą naruszać (lub nie) tzw. maksymy konwersacyjne – zasady zdefiniowane m.in. przez Paula Grice’a, odnoszące się do walorów komunikacyjnych języka. Poza tym, jak w przypadku każdej innej sytuacji komunikacyjnej, mamy również do czynienia z implikaturami, czyli treściami niewypowiadanymi bezpośrednio.

10

The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

51%

Komorowska E., Anna Ohrimovich A.

Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching

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2018

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issue 15/1

49-67

EN

The aim of the paper is to identify the linguistic exponents of Russian compliments. The examples which will be analyzed come from contemporary Russian. We will consider direct and indirect compliments, paying attention to such phenomena as presupposition and implicature as well as to the pragmatic functions of utterances. An analysis of communication strategies will allow us to present the specific features and role of compliments in linguistic communication in Russia.

PL

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie językowych eksponentów rosyjskich komplementów. Przykłady, które będą analizowane, pochodzą ze współczesnego języka rosyjskiego. Rozważymy bezpośrednie i pośrednie komplementy, zwracając uwagę na takie zjawiska, jak presupozycja i implikatura, a także na pragmatyczne funkcje wypowiedzi. Analiza strategii komunikacyjnych pozwoli nam przedstawić charakterystyczne cechy komplementów i ich rolę w komunikacji językowej w Rosji.

11

Negacja jako operator dyskursywny

51%

PALCZEWSKI R.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 2

129-148

PL

Praca jest poświęcona negacji dyskursywnej (metajęzykowej). Omawiane są jej funkcje (np. sprostowanie, uwypuklenie, zaskoczenie), rodzaje (np. implikacyjna, językowa, prozodyczna) i własności (np. pozorna sprzeczność, pragmatyczne odkodowanie, przytoczenie, a nie użycie, brak konstrukcji z prefiksem „nie”, brak konstrukcji z zaimkami negatywnymi). Następnie rozpatrzona została możliwość, że negacja dyskursywna jest jedynie szczególnym przypadkiem innych rodzajów negacji, w szczególności negacji kontrastywnej lub illokucyjnej. Dalej postawiono pytanie, czy w przypadku negacji dyskursywnej mamy do czynienia ze zjawiskiem semantycznym czy pragmatycznym, jak również, czy jest możliwe ujęcie negacji dyskursywnej w ramach mechanizmu konwersacyjnego nazywanego „przywołaniem echem”.

EN

This paper is devoted to the discursive (metalinguistic) negation. Its functions (e.g. a rectification, emphasis, surprise), types (e.g. implicative, linguistic, prosodic) and properties (e.g. the ostensible inconsistency, pragmatic decoding, mention rather than use, no construction with the prefix ‘no’, no construction with negative pronouns) are discussed. Next, the possibility is considered that the discursive negation is only a special case of other types of negation, in particular contrastive or illocutionary negation. Then the question is raised whether in the case of the discursive negation we are dealing with a semantic or pragmatic phenomenon, as well as whether it is possible to include the discursive negation in the context of a conversational mechanism called ‘echoic use.’

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О информативном потенцијалу просте реченице

Tabubewältigung und Emotionen: Emotionsbasierte Implikaturen im Sprechakt der Andeutung

“The big red giant will explode”: Géza Hofi’s political implicatures from the happiest barracks in the socialist camp

Lying and the Relevance-Theoretic Explicit/Implicit Distinction

Discourse implicature, Quintilian and the Lucidity Principle: rhetorical phenomena in pragmatics

Pragmatics, Micropragmatics, Macropragmatics

Rekurzivní čtení mysli: role vzájemnosti v myšlení a komunikaci

Unveiling the Other - the Pragmatics of Infosuasion

Analiza językowa komentarzy redakcyjnych publikowanych w „Nowinach Sokólskich” pod kątem zróżnicowanego odbioru zawartych w nich implikatur

The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

Negacja jako operator dyskursywny