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Ekskluzywizm ewangelikalny

100%
Kubacki Z.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
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2016
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issue 30
251-284
EN
Within the Christian theology of religions one distinguishes three basic paradigms: exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism. Pluralism considers all religions as equal ways of salvation leading to God. It denies that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world.  Inclusivism maintains the unicity and salvivic universality of Jesus Christ, but affirms that  explicit faith in Jesus Christ is not necessary for salvation for unevangelized people. Exclusivism is the view that Jesus Christ is the only Savior of the world and that one must believe God’s special revelation that culminates in the gospel of Christ in order to be saved. Evangelical theologians principally maintain this position. Interestingly enough, on the one hand they affirm that children who die in infancy (as well as people who are mentally incompetent) are included within the circle of God’s saving grace and will be saved; on the other hand, they say that since the first coming of Christ the only way of salvation is explicit faith in him. The article is divided into three parts. The first part examines the argument of those theologians about the fate of children who die in infancy and then compares it with the teaching of the Catholic Church expressed by the International Theological Commission in its document The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized (2007). The second part examines the biblical and theological arguments advanced by evangelical theologians in favor of exclusivism. In the third part these arguments are discussed from the perspective of Catholic theology. For Catholics as much as for evangelicals, there is no doubt that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world and that salvation has always been by grace through faith. The difference concerns the content of this saving faith. Must it have as its object an explicit knowledge of Jesus Christ, as is argued by the evangelical exclusivists?
2
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An Indian Christian Prophet: Duraiswami Simon Amalorpavadass (1932-1990)

89%
Steffen P. B.
Nurt SVD
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2018
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issue 1
209-225
EN
Fr. Duraiswami Simon Amalorpavadass (1932-1990) was one of the most important Indian theologians of the twentieth century. He became involved in the renewal of the Catholic Church in India in accordance with the vision and spirit of Vatican II. In 1967, he founded the National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre (NBCLC) in Bangalore, and then headed it until 1980. The way he shaped them showed his spiritual imagination, commitment and tireless dedication. In the years 1967-1982 he was the editor of the magazine “Word and Worship”, published by NBCLC. In 1981, at the initiative of Fr. Amalorpavadass at the State University of Mysuru the Department of Christianity was established. He developed an authentic Indian and Christian spirituality, liturgy and theology of evangelization and inculturation. In catechesis he advocated a newly developed anthropological method. In turn, interreligious dialogue, in which he presented the inclusivist position, gained with his help an Indian figure: all religions have a special role in the history of salvation, but this does not diminish the special contribution of the salvific mission of Jesus Christ.
PL
Ks. Duraiswami Simon Amalorpavadass (1932-1990) był jednym z najważniejszych indyjskich teologów ostatniego stulecia. Zaangażował się w odnowę Kościoła katolickiego w Indiach zgodnie z wizją i duchem Vaticanum II. W 1967 roku założył Narodowe Centrum Biblijne, Katechetyczne i Liturgiczne (NBCLC) w Bangalore, a następnie kierował nim do 1980 roku. Sposób, w jaki je kształtował (bez korzystania z jakiegokolwiek wzoru), pokazał jego duchową wyobraźnię, zaangażowanie oraz niestrudzone poświęcenie. W latach 1967-1982 był redaktorem czasopisma “Word and Worship”, wydawanego przez NBCLC. W 1981 roku z inicjatywy ks. Amalorpavadassa na Uniwersytecie Stanowym w Mysuru utworzono Wydział Chrześcijaństwa. Omawiany autor należał do licznych organizacji międzynarodowych, był na przykład członkiem Międzynarodowego Stowarzyszenia Studiów Misyjnych (IAMS). Ks. Amalorpavadass rozwijał autentyczną indyjską i chrześcijańską duchowość, liturgię oraz teologię ewangelizacji i inkulturacji. W katechezie opowiadał się za nowo opracowaną metodą antropologiczną. Z kolei dialog międzyreligijny, w którym prezentował stanowisko inkluzywistyczne, zyskał z jego pomocą indyjską postać: wszystkie religie pełnią szczególną rolę w historii zbawienia, jednakże nie umniejsza to szczególnego wkładu zbawczej misji Jezusa Chrystusa.
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On the road to Great India – a program of national revival. The Saraswati Temple in Pilani as an expression of the world view of G.D. Birla

89%
Kudelska M., Staszczyk A., Świerzowska A.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2016
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issue 40
129-158
EN
The paper aims at tracing the idea of the revival of Indian society and nation in the undertaking of G.D. Birla (1894‑1983) – the most influential representative of the Birla family which members, known as industrial magnates and corporate leaders, contribute since the turn of the 20th century to medicine, education and technological development of India. G.D. Birla’s overall goal, seems to have been the revitalisation and strengthening of Hinduism as “Arya dharma” and interpret it in such a way as to make this the religion as inclusive and universal as possible. One of the Birlas’ activities fully demonstrating these religious ideas is the temple foundation. Thus considering the wide range of areas in which G.D. Birla was involved, the authors have focused on one such project – the Saraswati temple in Pilani and its ideological background. The temple is located in the Birla Institute of Technology & Science campus and dedicated to the Hindu goddess of wisdom and learning. The authors hope that this analysis will succeed in showing how the individual worldview of the founder left its mark on the idea of the whole family’s endeavours, and at the same time give voice to the range of ideas which, although already expressed at the turn of the nineteenth century, are still alive and influential in India today.
4
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Demoniczność Boga jako założenie ekskluzywistycznego i inkluzywistycznego teizmu

89%
Kaźmierczak Z.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2016
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vol. 28/2
20-38
EN
In this article I claim that there is a hidden assumption of the demonic character of God in the exclusivist and inclusivist theism. Exclusivism and inclusivism assume that God is partial and in fact does not care about most people in the world, choosing to reveal himself fully only in one part of the world. This kind of neglect for other people reflects the standard ethnocentrism and seems to be an expression of it. The only way to avoid the view that God is demonic is to accept the religious pluralism. The idea of religion would need to be changed: from the idea of religion as a place of revelation of God to the idea of religion as a place for searching for God. Accepting religious pluralism would lead, however, to the destruction of religions as we know them, since the core of their doctrines is based on the assumption of their superiority.
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Kwakryzm liberalny jako religia pluralizmu religijnego

71%
Kaźmierczak Z.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2017
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vol. 29/1
EN
The article suggests that liberal Quakerism could become a religion of liberal pluralism (the latter term is conceived of as an alternative to exclusivism and inclusivism). The article discusses the opinion of Pink Dandelion that the contemporary liberal Quakerism is ruled by the total skepticism, showing that this skepticism is not a Quaker outlook but only a way of common life for people belonging to different, private worldviews. Skepticism is a self-restrain for those people who, having different private worldviews, want to worship together in silence. Quaker religious pluralism seems also to be a good alternative to essentially ineffective interfaith dialogue.
6
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A Historical Perspective on Inclusivism as the Prevailing Paradigm in the Christian Theology of Religions

62%
Grzelak K.
Sympozjum
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2018
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issue 1(34)
161-192
PL
Artykuł wyjaśnia różne spojrzenia na religie świata. Jego głównym celem jest analiza inkluzywizmu religijnego jako najbardziej powszechnego podejścia do innych religii we współczesnej debacie teologicznej nad religiami. Artykuł zwraca szczególną uwagę na rozwój modelu chrystocentrycznego w Kościele katolickim, odnosząc się najpierw do wczesnych ojców Kościoła, a następnie do teologii Logosu. Analiza pokazuje, że teologia Logosu w historii była zawsze obecna w katolickim podejściu do wierzących inaczej obok ekskluzywistycznego aksjomatu extra ecclesiam nulla salus (poza Kościołem nie ma zbawienia). Później ta inkluzywistyczna teologia znalazła swoje zastosowanie w „teorii wypełnienia” Jeana Danielou, w idei „anonimowego chrześcijaństwa” Karla Rahnera, w stanowisku II Soboru Watykańskiego w sprawie innych tradycji religijnych oraz w posoborowym oficjalnym nauczaniu Kościoła. Artykuł kończy się oceną złożoności, wyzwań i nieuniknionych słabych punktów chrystocentrycznego podejścia do innych religii.
EN
The article first explains various perspectives on the world religions. Its main focus is on the inclusivist perspective as the most common approach in the debate on religions. Here special attention is given to the development of the Christocentric model in the Catholic Church referring first to the early Church Fathers and afterwards to Logos theology. The analysis shows that the theology of the Logos was always present in Catholic attitudes towards other believers throughout history alongside the exclusivist axiom extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church no salvation). Later, this inclusivist theology was echoed in the „fulfilment theory” of Jean Danielou, „anonymous Christianity” of Karl Rahner, the Second Vatican Council’s stand on other faiths, and in the post-conciliar official Church teaching. The article ends with evaluation of the complexity, challenges and unavoidable shortcomings of the Christocentric approach to other religions.
7
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Czy teologia komparatywna zastąpi teologię religii?

62%
Kałuża K.
Studia Oecumenica
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2016
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vol. 16
319-358
EN
Among religiological disciplines comparative theology occupies a special place. Some of its representatives advance a quite radical thesis that it should take the place of theology of religion. The question of validity of that thesis is the main issue of this paper. The article consists of four parts. After presenting the essential assumptions of both theology of religion and comparative theology current relationships between the disciplines will be analysed. In the last part the possibility of cooperation between comparative theology and theology of religion will be considered. The author declares for the model of creative cooperation of them the result of which could be comparative theology of religion.
PL
Wśród dyscyplin religiologicznych szczególne miejsce zajmuje teologia komparatywna (copmarative theology). Niektórzy jej przedstawiciele wysuwają dość radykalną tezę, iż winna ona zająć miejsce teologii religii. Pytanie o słuszność tej tezy stanowi główną problematykę niniejszego opracowania. Artykuł składa się z czterech części. Po przedstawieniu istotnych założeń teologii religii i teologii komparatywnej przeanalizowane zostaną aktualne relacje między obydwiema dyscyplinami. W części ostatniej rozpatrzona zostanie możliwość współpracy między teologią komparatywną a teologią religii. Autor opowiada się za modelem twórczej kooperacji obydwu dyscyplin. Efektem tego mogłaby być komparatywna teologia religii.
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