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1

The Economic Cycle and the Innovation Activity of the Polish Industry System

100%

Świadek A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

75-92

EN

Industrial structures in the “catching up” type of countries usually are not too competitive in nature, and mainly they differ in the low share of high-technology products in the international trade. The aim of the conducted studies was an attempt to search for directions, as well as the power of impact of different phases of the business cycle on the innovation activity of the Polish industrial system. Consequently, this was to allow to determine the boundary conditions for the national network of innovations and its model structure, which would take into account the specificity of Poland. The methodical part of the paper was based on the theory of probability (probit modelling). Based on the analysis performed based on 5209 industrial companies (questionnaire survey) it was stated that in the prosperity phase the implementation of the innovation activity is significantly higher than in other phases of the business cycle. On the other hand, during recession and stagnation, the innovation activity is a less common phenomenon, but is not completely abandoned. Research results did not confirm the occurrence of the counter-cyclical approach to the conducted innovation activity in the national industrial system. The economic situation is thus an important factor, which influences the decision whether to undertake, activate or, in some cases, limit the innovation activity in companies. Therefore, there is a need to take into account the existing market conditions in the programming of the innovation policy within the impact on the phenomenon of the innovation processes in Poland.

2

Problem z XIX-wiecznym modelem etyki pracy

75%

Janiszewski J.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2012

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vol. 31

119-128

EN

A man, In order to obtain something which makes him Or Her happy, Has to per form action which are – In the opinion of others – valuable and Worth to be paid for. Already from the previous sentence we can deduce a Simple truth that there is nothing for free, each thing service Has its price. Or in other words, sometimes you have to be a giver In order to be given something later. A work is a noble act, although many May become indignant about this statement. By working we multiply things we already have, Or we Get New ones. A human activity which makes us richer, is the one which is attributable to the human nature, and an inactivity or a satisfaction with things we already have is in contradiction with this nature. Taking into account a job ethics, as moral we can consider only such an activity of an individual which has won recognition in somebody else’s eyes, the highest manifestation of which is a remuneration. Not elsewhere, but on the ground of job ethics we ecounter a dissatisfaction of some people with actions of others, e.g. with an employer’s behavior who evades the obligation to pay work. The job ethics, since of became a part of a social discussion served politicians, as well a philisophers, or clerics to fight aversion to this organization of everyday live, which is indicated by the clock and operating hours of a factory. This aversion was based on an aspiration to satisfy one’s own needs, and nothing more. A 19 th – century labourer, having been given a remuneration, which enabled him or her a poor existence – poor but existence, did not see a reason why he or she should work more. After all, outside work there were so many interesting things to do, so it was not worth to waste time for moneygrubbing.

3

Simple Stochastic Model for Planning the Inventory of Spare Components Subject to Wear-out

75%

Brezavšček A.

Organizacija

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2011

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vol. 44

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issue 4

120-127

EN

We treat an industrial system which comprises of a number of identical components subject to wear-out. To support the system maintenance an appropriate inventory of spare components is needed. In order to plan the sufficient inventory of spare components, two variants of a simple stochastic model are developed. In both variants, the aim is to determine how many spare components are needed at the beginning of a planning interval to meet demand for corrective replacements during this interval. Under the first variant the acceptable probability of spare shortage during the planning interval is chosen as a decision variable. While in the second variant the adequate spare inventory level is assessed by taking into account the expected number of component failures within the planning interval. A comparison of both variants of the model shows that calculations involved in the second variant are simpler. However, it can only be used when the inventory of spare components can be planned for a relatively long period of time.The determination of an adequate number of spare components according to both variants of our model depends on the form of the probability density function of component failure times. Since the components are subject to wear-out, this function exhibits a peak-shaped form that can be described by different statistical density functions. Advantages and disadvantages of using the normal, lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma density function in our model are discussed. Among the probability density functions studied, the normal density function is found to be the most appropriate for calculations in our model. The applicability of both variants of the model is given through numerical examples using field data on electric locomotives of Slovenian Railways.

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1 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

1 Organizacija

1 Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

1 2015

1 2012

1 2011

1 Brezavšček A.

1 Janiszewski J.

1 Świadek A.

The Economic Cycle and the Innovation Activity of the Polish Industry System

Problem z XIX-wiecznym modelem etyki pracy

Simple Stochastic Model for Planning the Inventory of Spare Components Subject to Wear-out