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Infancy and Early Childhood Development in Children Raised by Foster Parents in Romania

100%
Teculeasa F.
Kultura i Edukacja
|
2017
|
issue 2(116)
30-49
EN
The first days, months and years in a child’s life are crucial for his development. At first, the sensory processes are being developed, and the infant learns to examine his hands, to look at people who are moving in front of him and to squeeze another hand. This process is accompanied by the development of the thought processes and the emotions. Children who are abandoned after birth spend a period of time being hospitalized, until Child Protection Services finds the best solution to protect the babies, which in most of the cases is the placement at a foster parent. This period of time has a major impact on the infant because of the absence of the mother and the child is not being properly stimulated. These children suffer an abandonment trauma, which causes negative psychological effects that influence the development: difficulty in forming a secure attachment, delay in cognitive development and in other areas of functioning, increased possibility of developing cognitive distortions. The role of a foster parent in the infant stage is of a high importance because he or she is the person to whom the child forms attachment, gives the child the opportunity of being raised in a family, to have models and become more resilient. Nevertheless, in the upbringing of children the effects of the abandonment trauma are still being seen in most of them: the child has low self-esteem, he forms an insecure attachment, develops signs of mental illness and difficulties in autonomy. This paper is an immersion in the literature on the development of children who were abandoned after birth. The novelty of the theme is represented by the observations made on the upbringing of these children at foster parents in Romania since the implementation of foster care in this country until the present day. There is a need to improve the training of the foster parents and the methods used by specialists in working with the children, so that they can become more resilient and have adequate coping mechanisms in the adult stage.
2

From Infants' Reacting to Understanding: Grounding Mature Communication and Sociality Through Turn-Taking and Sequencing

86%
Berducci D.
Psychology of Language and Communication
|
2010
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vol. 14
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issue 1
3-28
EN
I will investigate a number of pre-linguistic infants interacting with caregivers, and attempt to demonstrate that infants' natural reactions (laughing, crying, gazing) function as incipient interactional turn-taking devices employed to non-cognitively initiate communication with caregivers, fostering infant sociality. To demonstrate my claims, I analyze multiple fragments of infant/caregiver interaction to determine how infants come to participate in the interaction order through their natural reactions. The results demonstrate how interaction between infants and caregivers creates an interactional sequence possibly unique to infant/caregiver interaction1, which grounds more mature interactional sequences. The results provide clues as to how infants become more communicative through being embedded in mature turn-taking, the foundation for social interaction order. The results will further indicate that it is indeed instances when infants' natural reactions are treated as some sort of turn, that ontogenetically ground more mature, conversation-analytic turn-taking, as well as future infant communication and cognition.
3
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Changes in motor development in infants participating in rehabilitation based on Vojta method

86%
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska E., Łukasz Przygoda Ł., Izabela Szklarska-Witek I., Anna Bejster A., Ludwika Sadowska L.
Medical Review
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2016
|
issue 3
266 + 277
EN
Introduction: Vojta therapy is designed to foster beneficial change in neurophysiology of children at risk of developmental disorders. Because of its specific diagnostic and therapeutic aspects it is possible to use the method in early therapy supporting development. Purpose: Assessment of changes in motor development of infants, classified in the risk group and receiving treatment based on Vojta method. Identifying relationship between therapy effects and age at the start as well as duration of therapy. Material and method: The study was performed in a group of 62 infants, including 46 who at the time of the study were less than 6 months old (group I), and 16 who were less than 12 months old (group II). The inclusion criteria were: age below 1 year, existing motor development deficits, risk factors in pregnancy and during childbirth, and participation in rehabilitation based on Vojta therapy, as a leading method. The study was carried out with the use of child health cards and assessment tool developed by G. Banaszek. Results: After 6 months of therapy, 73% of the infants with motor development deficits improved significantly, while out of 60% of the children with abnormal postural reactions, only 16% showed no improvement. Better progress was achieved by the children who started rehabilitation before 6 months of age. Conclusions: Effectiveness of children’s rehabilitation depends on therapy duration and the age at which the treatment starts.
PL
Wstęp: Metoda Vojty jest jedną z metod usprawniania neurofizjologicznego dzieci zagrożonych zaburzeniem prawidłowego rozwoju. Metoda pozwala zarówno na ocenę stanu neurologicznego, jak również na wcześnie podjętą terapię. Cel pracy: Zbadanie zmian zachodzących w rozwoju motorycznym niemowląt z grupy ryzyka, rehabilitowanych metodą Vojty. Wykazanie zależności pomiędzy efektami terapii a czasem rozpoczęcia i trwania rehabilitacji. Materiał i metody: Badaniu i analizie poddanych zostało 62 niemowląt, w tym 46 rehabilitowanych w momencie badania krócej niż 6 miesięcy (grupa I), oraz 16 krócej niż 12 miesięcy (grupa II). Kryterium włączenia stanowił wiek do 1 roku życia, obecność odchyleń od normy w rozwoju motorycznym, obciążenie wywiadu z okresu ciążowo- porodowego oraz uczęszczanie na rehabilitację prowadzoną metodą Vojty, jako metoda wiodąca. Badania przeprowadzone zostały na podstawie kart zdrowia dziecka i kart arkuszu badania klinicznego G. Banaszek. Wyniki: Po 6-miesięcznej terapii u 73% niemowląt ze stwierdzonymi zaburzeniami rozwoju ruchowego zaobserwowano znaczną poprawę, natomiast z 60% dzieci o wysokiej ocenie nieprawidłowych reakcji posturalnych, tylko 16% nie wykazało poprawy. Lepsze rezultaty osiągały dzieci, u których rehabilitację rozpoczęto przed 6 miesiącem życia. Wnioski: Efektywność rehabilitacji dzieci jest zależna od czasu trwania rehabilitacji oraz od wieku rozpoczęcia usprawniania.
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