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Breastfeeding as an important factor of reduced infants’ infection diseases

100%
Radzewicz E., Milewska M., Mironczuk-Chodakowska I., Lendzioszek M., Terlikowska, K.M
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2018
|
vol. 8(2)
70-74
EN
Purpose: Respiratory tract infections and severe allergy reactions are a leading cause of hospitalization and morbidity in infants and children. The protection of breastfeeding against infectious diseases as well as allergy development has often been suggested. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the various models of infant nutrition, its immunity influence and children response after 3-6 years of age. Materials and methods: The research was based on a voluntarily questionnaire, filled in by parents of pre-school children. Information on breast and milk formula feeding duration (never; 1-6 months; 6-12 months; 12-24 months; 24>months) were collected. The frequency of infections, chronic diseases, and allergies occurrence was analysed. Results: A statistically significant differences between infants breastfeeding and milk formula feeding in case of reduced infection (p=0.003) and infection recurrences (p=0.001) were found. This relationship was not found among children at further stages of development. There was no correlation between the consumption of only mothers’ milk, and the reduced occurrence of asthma, allergies, and eczema. Conclusions: Maternal milk has an influence on the reduced risk of infection in the first year of the child’s life compared to children fed only with artificial mixtures
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The Transition from One-word to Multi-word Utterances. A Case-study of an Italian Child

88%
Cilibrasi L.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2
26-42
EN
Previous work has suggested that infants start producing multi-word utterances while they still produce single-word utterances, and they make generalizations about the order of constituents from early stages. This article describes the transition from one-word to multi-word utterances in an Italian child recorded every two weeks for 45 minutes from the age of 1;05 to the age of 2;05, and it examines specifically whether the child’s productions respect a head–complement generalization (in Italian, the generalization that heads precede complements). The analysis was conducted on files available in the Childes database. The study shows that one-word utterances are indeed not abandoned when the child learns to combine words, and the first two-word productions reflect adult utterances, whether or not these comply with the general ordering of heads and complements. These results are compatible with approaches that see first multi-word utterances as being syntactic, but they also show that the level of generalization is not fully compatible with predictions from experimental work on head-directionality (which predicts a wider generalization than the one observed in this child).
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Epitafia dla najmłodszych i najstarszych chrześcijan w katakumbach rzymskich

63%
Stawoska-Jundziłł B.
Vox Patrum
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2015
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vol. 64
403-439
EN
In this article I analyse text on epitaphs in Roman Catacombs (III-VI cen­tury) of youngest (children to one years old) and oldest (above eighty years old) Christians. We observe here huge number of children in funeral inscriptions in comparison to other age group. In both analysed groups have similar character of inscription. It shows minimal amount of text and not very many religion refer­ence. Perhaps it is result of believing that short or “to long” life are lacking value.
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