The loss of the infinitive in Serbian. Preliminary issueThe article concerns the loss of the infinitive in Serbian literary language and its gradual replacement by the construction da + praesens. The analyzed material consists of Serbian and Serbo-Croatian literature and goes from the Saint Sava’s texts - these are the first widely available texts of Serbian. The last text analyzed comes from the beginning of XXI century. The process of the loss of infinitive has been checked in the contexts in which it is possible to replace the infinitive form by the structure da + verb in the present tense without changing the meaning. Zanikanie bezokolicznika w języku serbskim. Wstępne rozpoznanie zagadnieniaArtykuł dotyczy procesu zanikania bezokolicznika w języku serbskim i stopniowego zastępowania go konstrukcją da + praesens. Materiał, który posłużył do analizy, stanowi przekrój piśmiennictwa ograniczonego do rdzennych terenów serbskich: wychodzi już od czasów św. Sawy, którego teksty jako jedne z pierwszych są powszechnie dostępne. Ostatni przeanalizowany tekst pochodzi z początku XXI wieku. Materiał przebadano w kontekstach, w których obie konstrukcje są w pełni równoznaczne.
The article presents the clash of two tendencies in Serbian future tense — so-called balkan type construction of the conjunction da and conjugated verb form: ја ću da pišem and slavic, inflectional construction where the auxiliary verb is transformed into an ending: pisaću. These two forms are often used instead of normative infinitive form: ja ću pisati and this is acontamination of two types of construction — balkan and nonbalkan (slavic).
HR
Članak predstavlja sukob dve tendencije usrpskom budućem vremenu (futur I) – iz jedne strane takozvani balkanski oblik futura izražen sintagmom da + prezent na primer ја ću da pišem, s druge strane „slovenski oblik“ kad nema predhodne reči – enklitika glagola hteti dolazi iza infinitiva ispaja se s njim: pisaću.Ova dva oblika koristi se umesto normalnog oblika futura s infinitivom: ja ću pisati iovo je kontaminacija balkanskog inebalkanskog (slavenskog) oblika.
Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for students of Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, the foreigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seems to be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for the word order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb include an infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntactically govern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). If the infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unless the infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precede it. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement), precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitive functions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitive starts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the enclitic personal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics follow one immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/ governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this way.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.