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EN
In accordance with the Act on supporting the family and the foster care system, up to 14 children may be placed in the educational care facility at the same time. The facilities that opened before 2012 and were able to offer 30 places to their pupils until then, were given an 9-year transition period to adjust to the new requirements. The deadline for adjusting to these transformations expires on January 1, 2021. What seems significant is the question of what the process of adaptation to these changes looks like in the facilities that have not met these requirements yet, especially in the current situation of coronavirus pandemic, which significantly impedes any activities. Legal regulations, statistical data were analysed, and articles regarding the institutional care transformation published on websites were reviewed. It turns out that many local authorities have left to carry out organizational changes to adjust to new standards at the last moment, while the family ministry does not plan to extend the transition period which is due to expire in December this year.
EN
Ensuring care and appropriate standard of living to elderly people constitute highly significant aspects of both the state and local social policy. However, the practice shows clearly that the issue of old age has never been a strength of the social policy in our country. One could even get the impression that in old age quality of life does not need to be increased, while it can even be decreased. Such approach to the issue of old age should be highly objectionable. Old age, as the last stage of one’s life, should be lived in dignity, while maintaining the sense of security. Special care and attention should be paid to single people, chronic patients and those with poor financial situation. An appropriately managed nursing home is a place that could protect a senior citizen from social exclusion, while providing professional care and good quality of life. The issue is of high significance as in Poland the public nursing services have not been yet developed well and their quality often remains a matter of concern, also in the moral aspect. This paper enters the discourse about the need of institutional support for the senior citizens and points out to the quality of life of residents of nursing homes.
EN
In the Czech Republic, major changes have happened in the field of infant institutional care in connection with amendment to the Act on Social and Legal Protection of Children and the Act on Family in 2013. Efforts to close down institutional facilities for children up to 3 years are in connection to deinstitutionalization, which has become societal philosophy of transformation of institutional care in the last decade. Students of helping professions are educated in modern trends, such as deinstitutionalization, because they should become “holders and implementers” of positive changes based on respect for human rights and freedoms. In connection with that, we focused on opinions on the closing down of infant homes and children’s homes for children up to 3 years among students of nursing fields and social pedagogy. Using the quantitative method of a questionnaire, we obtained responses from 416 respondents. One of the most interesting findings is that only 10 % of students agree with the idea of closing down these institutional facilities. There are also differences based on field of study. Students of social pedagogy on average agree more with this idea than students of nursing fields. This could be based on differences in curriculum.
EN
The article contains an in-depth qualitative analysis of 60 biographies of juvenile offenders in terms of the institutional (in)effectiveness of counteracting crime in the period before being placed in a closed facility. The analysis of the data shows that placement in a correctional facility is preceded by the application of many educational measures from supervision order to the decision to place a minor in an educational facility. Based on the collected data, it is possible to find a bad way of exercising parental care over the delinquents, and especially the ineffectiveness of the reactions undertaken by state institutions - remedial actions – including the family court.
EN
The paper presents results of analyzes of selected types of personality problems in adolescents, placed permanently in institutional care. It focuses on five areas of problems (emotional problems, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, problems with peer and deficits in prosocial behavior) and the influence of gender and ethnicity on their distribution. The sample consisted of 45 adolescents, permanently placed in institutional care. The results overall correspond to other studies in some areas are the values even lower. As the most problematic area appears a question of hyperactivity. The influence of gender and ethnicity did not show as significant in the majority of studied areas.
PL
Program jest innowacyjną odpowiedzią na priorytet rządu Bułgarii dotyczący deinstytucjonalizacji (odchodzenia od opieki instytucjonalnej nad dziećmi). Program uruchomiony w 2008 r. ma na celu zapewnienie pozytywnych zmian społecznych poprzez wspieranie dobrej jakości usług adresowanych do dzieci zagrożonych wykluczeniem w lokalnej społeczności oraz przez poprawę warunków życiowych i sanitarnych rodzin o niskich dochodach i rodzin zagrożonych, oferując nieoprocentowane pożyczki na niewielkie remonty domowe. Pożyczki są finansowane przez Habitat Bułgaria i administrowane przez partnerskie organizacje w lokalnych społecznościach. Spłacane kwoty są ponownie przeznaczane na pożyczki, co zapewnia trwałość i ciągłość programu. Celem długoterminowym jest opracowanie skalowalnego, ogólnokrajowego mikroinstrumentu finansowego.
EN
The programme is an innovative response to the Bulgarian Government’s deinstitutionalisation priority. Launched in 2008, it aims to facilitate positive social change by assisting in the provision of quality, communitybased services for disadvantaged children and by improving the living and sanitary conditions of low-income families and families ‘at risk’ through no-interest loans for small home renovations. The loans are capitalised by Habitat Bulgaria and administered by ‘partner’ community-based organisations. Re-payments are ‘recycled’ to ensure programme sustainability and continuity. The longer term objective is to develop a scalable, country-wide micro fi nancing facility.
PL
Program ma na celu zatrzymanie najbardziej zagrożonych dzieci w ich rodzinach, pozwalając uniknąć opieki instytucjonalnej i ulepszając opiekę w rodzinie. Inicjatywa uruchomiona w 2001 r. jest ściśle powiązana z rządowym programem deinstytucjonalizacji (odchodzenia od instytucjonalnej opieki nad dzieckiem), i ma ustanowić właściwe podstawy dla tego programu poprzez przeciwdziałanie umieszczaniu dzieci w placówkach opiekuńczo–wychowawczych. Inicjatywa oferuje zorganizowane, ograniczone w czasie interwencje adresowane do wybranych rodzin, realizowane w ramach partnerstwa z władzami lokalnymi w celu zapewnienia ich trwałości. Głównym celem jest opracowanie „Publicznej polityki przeciwdziałania oddzielaniu dzieci od ich rodzin”, której musiałyby przestrzegać wszystkie instytucje państwowe zajmujące się opieką nad dziećmi oraz opieką społeczną.
EN
The programme aims to keep the most vulnerable children within their families to avoid institutionalisation and increase family care. Launched in 2001, it is closely related to the Government’s de-institutionalisation programme and is meant to lay the proper foundation for it by preventing children from being admitted to institutions. The programme offers structured, time-limited interventions to targeted families, delivered in partnership with local authorities to ensure sustainability. The overarching aim is to develop a ‘Public Policy for the Prevention of Child Separation from Families’ that all state authorities dealing with childcare and social services would be required to observe.
EN
The contribution deals with topical problems of scenic creation of amateur folklore ensembles in Slovakia in the context of institutional care of folk dances. It critically reflects the institutional methodical care and the directing of scenic programmes in the environment of the Slovakian amateur folklore movement with the emphasis on the topical theme which includes the use of archival documentaries with folk dances and their use in author’s scenic works. The text analyses the natural relation of the author’s scenic works inspired by folklore, and points out the principle of imitation and plagiarism and explains their positive and negative connotations. The programmes for children’s folklore ensemble are an independent theme. Other dominating problems of the contribution include the theme of authenticity and stylization when interpreting and arranging (especially in terms of choreography, dramaturgy and stage direction) the original material – the traditional folk dance in connections of its performance on stage.
EN
This article focuses on the study of current transformation processes occurring in Ukraine in the provision of social services to various groups of children, in particular orphan children and children deprived of parental care. The meanings of the concepts of “orphan child” and “child deprived of parental care,” aspects of establishing this group of official status children, giving the right to receive appropriate social services and provide social and legal protection are considered. The features of the deinstitutionalization and reform of the system of institutional care for children in modern Ukraine are investigated in the context of the legal, organizational and social aspects of this reform. The necessity and importance of the process of deinstitutionalization for the formation, successful socialization, personal development of the child and ensuring the right of each child to be brought up in the family or in the environment closest to the family has been substantiated.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy współczesnych procesów transformacyjnych zachodzących na Ukrainie w zakresie zabezpieczenia usług społecznych dla różnych kategorii dzieci, w tym dla dzieci-sierot i dzieci pozbawionych opieki rodzicielskiej. Rozważano nad istotę pojęć „dzieci-sieroty” i “dzieci pozbawiony opieki rodzicielskiej”, specyfikę ustanowienia tej kategorii dzieci o statusie oficjalnym, co daje prawo do otrzymania odpowiednich usług społecznych i zapewnia ochronę społeczną i prawną. W artykule omówiono cechy deinstytucjonalizacji i reformy systemu opieki instytucjonalnej nad dziećmi we współczesnej Ukrainie w kontekście prawnych, organizacyjnych i społecznych aspektów tej reformy. Podkreśla się konieczność i znaczenie procesu deinstytucjonalizacji dla socjalizacji a rozwoju osobowości dziecka i zapewnienia każdemu dziecku prawa do wychowania w rodzinie lub w środowisku najbliższym spokrewnionym z rodziną
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, charakteryzującego się swoistą ambiwalencją, systemu instytucjonalnej opieki nad osobami z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w Polsce. Cały wywód opiera się na dwóch zasadniczych i dychotomicznych kategoriach: kontroli i podporządkowaniu versus autonomii i niezależności. Każda z tych kategorii jest powiązana z jedną z dwóch głównych perspektyw postrzegania domu pomocy społecznej. Pierwszą, wywodzącą się z goffmanowskiej wizji instytucji totalnej, w której jednostkę przedstawia się jako uprzedmiotowiony obiekt działań innych osób, demaskując sytuację izolowania i zależności osobistej. Drugą reprezentuje model relacji personelu i podopiecznych, charakteryzujący się indywidualistycznym podejściem do potrzeb osoby niepełnosprawnej, z poszanowaniem jej prawa do autonomii i samostanowienia. Konfrontacja tych dwóch perspektyw i obszarów zagadnień jest przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule.
EN
The paper is intended to show a system of institutional care for people with intellectual disabilities, which is characterized by a kind of ambivalence. The whole disquisition is based on two fundamental and dichotomous categories: control and subordination versus autonomy and independence. Each of these categories is connected with one of two perspectives within which a residential care facility can be captured. The first one arises from Goffman’s vision of a total institution, where a unit is presented as an objectified subject of other people’s actions, revealing a situation of isolation and personal dependence. The second perspective presents a model of relationships between the personnel and their charges; it is characterized by an individualistic approach toward the needs of people with disabilities regarding their right to autonomy and self-determination. The confrontation between these two perspectives and areas of issues is discussed in this paper.
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