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EN
Sweden is inhabited by the biggest Roma people population among Nordic countries. The community is however very diverse in reference regarding the language spoken, the belief, and origin. For years this particular minority had been marginalized and even persecuted by the Swedish administration. Only since 1999 it gained the national minority status, which resulted in legal protection from the government and farther integration possibilities for the community that suffered social, political and cultural exclusion in the past. Sweden is perceived presently as country with one of the best Roma integration policy, reaching far beyond the EU minimal standards. Malmö is that Swedish city that may play as a pattern for the effective, successful inclusive approach towards Roma community. The discussed solutions implemented by the city council can play as example of conditions to be followed in order to successfully integrate Roma people.
EN
The competition of Western states and Russia for influence in the area of Central Asia has a long history. Located in the centre of the continent, the Central Asian region is a kind of link between China and the countries of Southeast Asia, Afghanistan, the Middle East and a number of Islamic countries in the south, the Caucasus, Turkey, Europe and Russia – to the west and north. The beginning of the current development of the geopolitical situation in Central Asia falls on time of disintegration of the Soviet Union and emergence of independent republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The presented article describes the geopolitical situation of the region.
RU
У соперничества западных государств и России за влияние на территории Центральной Азии, долгая история. Находясь в самом центре континента, регион Центральной Азии представляет собой своего рода связующее звено между Китаем и государствами Юго-Восточной Азии, Афганистаном, государствами Ближнего Востока и рядом исламских государств на юге, Кавказом, Турцией, Европой и Россией – на западе и севере. Начало нынешнего этапа развития геополитической ситуации в Центральной Азии приходится на момент распада Советского Союза и создания независимых республик: Казахстана, Киргизии, Таджикистана, Туркменистана и Узбекистана. В данной статье описывается геополитическая ситуация этого региона.
EN
The flow of migrants towards Italy in these past decades has raised the problem regarding the absorption and integration of newcomers in the new society and the labour market; this problem has become more severe in this last period. Learning the language and the foundations of the social and political structures of the receiving community is the best way to establish the necessary competence for integration. As the presence of foreigners in Italy stabilises, education has become more complex, as it must be oriented not only towards newcomer students, but also towards those who were born in Italy in foreign families who speak their own mother tongue at home but are also highly competent in Italian. This situation gives rise to diverse individual profiles according to the different balance of the linguistic varieties in these students’ inventory. This article aims to show that an inspection carried according to the sociolinguistic methodology can bring forth valuable data for educational as well as territorial planning and for the definition of policies for integration. The article will present general data on the Italian situation compared to the European one in general in order to define the phenomenon. Then a specific study will be presented based on research conducted in the Scuola Cavour in Alessandria (PISU project – POR FESR 2014/2010), where there are classes in which foreigners and second-generation Italians (G2s) are numerous. A sociolinguistic questionnaire has been collected from students between the ages of 11 and 13 years old; the aim is to assess not only the students’ competences tout court, but also the social spaces where their different languages are used, their main difficulties, and their ambitions. The statistical data are presented and discussed in order to point out the different profiles; they reveal how complex it is to create a linguistic education that moves towards aware citizenship. Practically, the data also provide an important indication on the composition of the classroom and on the educational practices to adopt.
IT
Il flusso di migranti verso l’Italia di questi ultimi decenni ha sollevato il problema dell’assorbimento e dell’integrazione dei nuovi arrivati nella società e nel mercato del lavoro; questo problema è divenuto più acuto in questi ultimi anni. Imparare la lingua e i fondamenti delle strutture sociali e politiche della comunità ospitante è il modo migliore per creare le competenze necessarie all’integrazione. Con lo stabilizzarsi della presenza di stranieri in Italia l’educazione è divenuta sempre più complessa perché deve orientarsi non solo agli studenti appena arrivati, ma anche a quelli che sono nati in Italia da famiglie straniere ed usano la loro lingua madre a casa, ma sono anche molto competenti in italiano. Si sono formati così svariati profili individuali, a seconda del diverso equilibrio delle varietà che compongono il loro repertorio linguistico. Questo articolo intende mostrare che l’indagine condotta con la metodologia della sociolinguistica può produrre dei dati preziosi per la pianificazione di interventi sia didattici sia territoriali volti anche alla definizione di politiche d’integrazione locale. L’articolo presenterà alcuni dati generali sulla situazione italiana confrontata con quella europea per definire il fenomeno, per poi presentare i risultati di una ricerca condotta nella Scuola media “Cavour” di Alessandria nell’ambito del progetto PISU (POR FESR 2014/2010) dove la presenza di alunni stranieri e di seconda generazione (G2) è molto numerosa. È stato somministrato un questionario sociolinguistico a studenti tra gli 11 e i 13 anni; l’obiettivo non era soltanto la valutazione delle competenze tout court, ma anche la classificazione dei contesti in cui le diverse varietà vengono usate, l’identificazione delle principali difficoltà rispetto alla istituzione scolastica e delle ambizioni. Si presenteranno e si discuteranno i dati statistici che evidenziano i diversi profili e mostrano quanto complessa sia la formazione linguistica finalizzata alla cittadinanza consapevole. Sul piano pratico, i dati danno anche una preziosa indicazione sulla composizione delle classi e sulle pratiche da adottare.
EN
The competition of Western states and Russia for influence in the area of Central Asia has a long history. Located in the centre of the continent, the Central Asian region is a kind of link between China and the countries of Southeast Asia, Afghanistan, the Middle East and a number of Islamic countries in the south, the Caucasus, Turkey, Europe and Russia – to the west and north. The beginning of the current development of the geopolitical situation in Central Asia falls on time of disintegration of the Soviet Union and emergence of independent republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The presented article describes the geopolitical situation of the region.
RU
У соперничества западных государств и России за влияние на территории Центральной Азии, долгая история. Находясь в самом центре континента, регион Центральной Азии представляет собой своего рода связующее звено между Китаем и государствами Юго-Восточной Азии, Афганистаном, государствами Ближнего Востока и рядом исламских государств на юге, Кавказом, Турцией, Европой и Россией – на западе и севере. Начало нынешнего этапа развития геополитической ситуации в Центральной Азии приходит ся на момент распада Советского Союза и создания независимых республик: Казахстана, Киргизии, Таджикистана, Туркменистана и Узбекистана. В данной статье описывается геополитическая ситуация этого региона.
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