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What the adnominal intensifier "sam" and Left Branch Extractions tell us about the structure of Polish nominal projections

100%
Miechowicz-Mathiasen K.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2013
|
vol. 49
205-260
EN
In this paper, I reconsider the nature of sam (a Polish counterpart to Russian and Serbo-Croatian sam, German selbst, Italian solo, Danish selv), a lexical item generally assumed to be adjectival. First, I focus on its use as an adnominal intensifier and argue that in this function it should be considered pronominal. Since intensifying sam has a history of appearing in analyses propagating the DP Hypothesis, my proposal sheds some light on these issues and leads to bigger questions concerning the structure of Polish nominals, in particular whether they project DP or not. Answers to these questions constitute the second part of the paper, where I argue that D equals Person (hence DP/PersonP) and that it is universally present in Polish nominals. I draw on the evidence from Left Branch Extractions and adjunct extractions and show that, while such extractions are quite freely available in Polish, they are nevertheless blocked whenever in the presence of overt D/Person heads, just like in languages with articles, projecting DP. I further show that the difference between Polish and English with respect to adjectival LBE reduces to the employment of distinct case-checking strategies and agreement options.
2
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„Безмерно счастлив”. O adwerbialnych wykładnikach wysokiego stopnia intensywności emocji w języku rosyjskim i polskim

86%
Czapiga Z.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
|
2018
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issue 43
37-44
RU
The paper is devoted to adverbial markers of the high level of emotions in Russian and Polish. The following types of intensifiers are analysed: очень, безмерно, крайне, невероятно, невыносимо, необыкновенно, несказанно, сильно, смертельно, страш- но, ужасно, чертовски, чрезвычайно; bardzo, nieprawdopodobnie, niewiarygodnie, niezmiernie, niezwykle, ogromnie, okropnie, piekielnie, potwornie, straszliwie, strasznie, szalenie. They express the level of emotional intensity in a way that is above average. They refer to the emotional state named by an adjective or a participle, an adverb (predicative), or a verb. Most of them serve to intensify both positive and negative emotions.
3
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Reflexivity in Old English

86%
Pielecha S.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
|
2014
|
issue 23/2
53-62
EN
The paper discusses changes that took place in the ways of expressing reflexivity in Old English. The study examines and evaluates the two most common forms conveying reflexivity: the use of personal pronouns and the reflexive pronoun self. The Early Old English personal pronouns were able to convey a reflexive relation, but, probably in order to avoid ambiguity, the personal pronoun began to be accompanied by the pronoun self in sentences rendering a reflexive meaning. The paper also contains an account of self used on its own, which was mostly employed in structures with emphatic meanings. Moreover, the work will adduce an example of an Old English inherently reflexive verb. The data come from the Dictionary of Old English corpus.
4
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Propositions pour un dictionnaire des moyens d’intensification

75%
Pilecka E.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 1
83-96
EN
The growing body of literature on intensifiers enables us to circumscribe the scope of the phenomenon more accurately and to identify rigorously its linguistic realizations. Yet, the latter are clearly underrepresented or inconsistently treated both in general dictionaries and in textbooks. That is why the need arises to work up a dictionary devoted to means of intensification so that it can serve as a tool to students of French. Rather than simply listing these means, it should be conceived of as a lexicongrammar enabling users both to vary particular forms and to respect syntactic and combinatory constraints. Additionally, it should account for when registers can be conveniently switched. The present paper aims at giving some hints on how such a disctionary should be prepared.
5
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Teaching Affects in French as a Foreign Language. A Trial Focusing on Intensifiers in Collocations

58%
Cavalla C.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova
|
2017
|
issue 2
EN
This article suggests creating networks of lexical items in the field of affects, in the context of teaching French as a foreign language. After a lexico-semantic study of some intensifiers present with certain lexical items from the field of affects, we will look at what kind of networks should be developed in order to help students memorise lexicon and associated collocates of intensity. The underlying hypothesis is that building these networks should enable learners to better memorise the lexical associations of the field in question.
FR
This article suggests creating networks of lexical items in the field of affects, in the context of teaching French as a foreign language. After a lexico-semantic study of some intensifiers present with certain lexical items from the field of affects, we will look at what kind of networks should be developed in order to help students memorise lexicon and associated collocates of intensity. The underlying hypothesis is that building these networks should enable learners to better memorise the lexical associations of the field in question. 
PL
W artykule autorka proponuje utworzenie sieci relacji między jednostkami leksykalnymi w polu nazw uczuć w kontekście dydaktyki języka francuskiego jako obcego. Leksykalno-semantyczna analiza kilku intensyfikatorów występujących z niektórymi leksemami z wyżej wymienionego pola pozwala zaobserwować, jaki typ sieci należy rozwinąć, aby wspomóc zapamiętywanie nazw ze współwystępującymi intensyfikatorami. Wyjściowym założeniem badań jest teza, że konstruowanie tych sieci przez uczących się powinno wspomagać zapamiętywanie związków leksykalnych z pola, o którym mowa.
6
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Comment exprimer en mots l’intensité de l’amour pour un être bien-aimé ?

58%
Izert M., Pilecka E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2021
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issue 16
23-38
EN
In this paper, we present a forecast of search results for intensifiers that combine with the keywords amour, amoureux, aimer in the proposed Electronic Dictionary of Intensifying Linguistics Structures in French Language – Dictionnaire électronique des structures linguistiques d’intensité en français (DESLIF), and also an attempt to define the way how these results could be incorporated into the entries of this dictionary. Adjectives, adverbs, verbs, intensifying constructs comme SN / comme P / à SV and marked synonyms of the keywords, notifying strong or weak intensity, will be examined. The method used to describe the material is based on assumptions of Explanatory-Combinatorial Lexicology by Mel’čuk & Polguère. The examples come from linguistics corpora and allow particularly to report the use of such intensifiers in colloquial, popular and slang French.
FR
L’objectif de la présente étude est de voir quels seraient les résultats de la recherche des intensifieurs se combinant avec les lexies-vedettes amour, amoureux, aimer et comment ces résultats pourraient être incorporés aux articles lexicographiques du futur Dictionnaire électronique des structures linguistiques d’intensité en français (DESLIF). Seront examinés à tour de rôle des intensifieurs appartenant à la classe des adjectifs, des adverbes et des verbes, les constructions intensifieuses comme SN / comme P et à SV et des synonymes marqués des lexies-vedettes permettant d’exprimer une intensité forte ou faible. Le cadre descriptif utilisé s’inspire de la Lexicographie Explicative et Combinatoire de Mel’čuk & Polguère. Les exemples sont issus de recherches sur corpus, permettant en particulier de rendre compte du fonctionnement des intensifieurs en français familier, populaire et argotique.
7
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Absobloominlutely: intenzifikační vkládání v angličtině

51%
Klégr A., Vojtěch A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2020
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vol. 102
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issue 1
36-54
EN
The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called “un-bloody-likely” words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier.
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