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EN
The article concerns the issue of cross-border cooperation between Poland and Germany in the fi eld of internal security, so at the local level, since the signing of the Treaty between the Polish Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation of 17/06/1991 signed in Bonn. Furthermore, the challenges for the cross-border cooperation between two states were elaborated. It was assumed that the main challenges in the fi eld of cross-border cooperation between Poland and Germany are related to providing internal security at the local community level.
EN
The article deals with the problem of the impact of transatlantic relations on the shape of internal security of the European Union especially in the context of escalation of unconventional threats. It also shows the dependence between the ability to co-shape the international framework of security and the maintenance of a strong position on the international arena together with possibilities of an unhampered development. At the threshold of the 21st century issues of EU’s internal security were strongly correlated with broadly understood international security. This is particularly visible in transatlantic relations with growing expectations towards the EU to play the role of USA’s partner and to take upon itself responsibility for its own security to a larger extent than before.
EN
The presented text concerns the source material describing the internal security of Galicia, here referred to as Małopolska. The document comes from the collection of the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine – the collection of the Provincial Office in Lviv. This is a monthly report of the State Police Headquarters in Małopolska for January 1920.
EN
Internal security is today an intensively explored area of national security. This is hardly surprising. It is this area that is mainly concerned with emerging threats. Hence, new scientifically justified solutions are being sought to counteract them and minimise the effects of their occurrence. Given the above, the research has been conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. It addresses the main problems relating to internal security through the prism of identification criteria, essence, and systemic approach. That has made it possible to present the assumptions of the project in question. The research aimed to diagnose the functioning of the state’s internal security system, and the participation of academic centres dealing with security issues. One of such centres is the Police Academy, which is implementing a project entitled “Vacuum chamber for revealing fingerprints with organic compounds in the gas phase’, No DOB-BIO9/03/01/2018. It was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under call for proposals No 9/2018 for the execution and financing of projects in the field of scientific research or development work for the benefit of national defence and security. After they were implemented, it was stated that the constant changes in the internal security environment, and the limited potential of state institutions designated to care for this security entail the need to continually search for practical solutions to ensure the undisturbed existence and development opportunities of each entity. These searches are conducted by scientific institutions, which with their knowledge and experience serve to improve the tools used in the practice of institutions responsible for internal security.
EN
Guidelines in practice of law enforcement organs are orders given by the organ supervising preparatory proceedings, but also instructions concerning the direction of the conducted proceedings. In nearly all of the cases those guidelines are kept in prosecutor’s reference records or in control records of the Police. The following publication tries to answer the question whether such practice is appropriate and whether parties of criminal proceedings should have access to the guidelines, especially in the context of possible appeal against some of prosecutor’s orders.
EN
The aim of the study is to present the existing solutions to the functioning of the police eduction systems in selected Member States of the European Union. Using the results of the study, the Authors presented the organization of police schools and universities in fifteen European countries. On the basis of information obtained during the survey, that was conducted across Europe, the implementation of new organizational and legal solutions to the Polish police education system was proposed. The system of educating officers in Poland was presented in an institutional way, while the functioning of its leading component, i.e. the Police Academy in Szczytno, was described in detail. The material was divided into two parts because of its volume. The first part presents the organization and run of the research activity and ten police education systems in the Member States of the European Union were also characterised. Whereas the second part of the paper contains a continuation of the characteristics of police education systems in Europe (the next four countries were discussed), and also highlights the functioning of the police education system in Poland, with particular reference to the Police Academy in Szczytno. This part of the study also includes proposals for changes to the Polish police education system. The paper was made in the framework of the project "Construction of an IT system supporting communication in the Police and other services subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the aspect of internal security", project No. DOB-BIO7 /03/01/2015 of PLN 5 010 000 co-financed by the National Research and Development Center under the competition No.7 / 2015 and No. 7/2015 for the execution and financing of research and development projects for national defense and security or research and development works for national defence and security.
EN
As a uniformed and armed force, whose mission it is to serve and protect both people’s safety and public order, the police have been established on the basis of the 6 April 1990 Police Act. The basic police responsibilities cover protection of health, life and property against unlawful attacks, protection of public order and safety — including assurance of peace in public places and on public transport, investigation of crime, prosecution of offenders, and finally counter-terrorist activity. In addition, police are obliged to initiate and organize activities designed to prevent crime, minor offences and criminogenic phenomena. The list of police tasks is steadily getting longer and longer and it seems that this upward trend will continue in the years to come. This makes it necessary to implement legal and organizational solutions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of policing — on the one hand measured by a systematic search for increasingly rational procedures, and on the other one by a decreasing number of illegal activities undertaken by the criminal underworld due to their awareness of the risk of being detected and the certainty of punishment. A good way of improving police performance is to precisely determine the tasks carried out as part of preventive action as well as decisive action aimed at elimination of identified threats or their consequences.
EN
Corruption poses a serious threat to the internal security of the state as it destabilises social relations and has a deleterious effect on the political system, negatively affecting legislation and the economy in particular. Corruption, as a phenomenon which erodes social relations, also results in demoralisation and the slackening of morals in society, which is an important substrate of the state. As a multi-dimensional phenomenon, corruption poses a threat to social relations within states and to their internal security both in the broad sense – as a threat to the instruments of the state, and in the narrow sense – threatening the lives, health and property of citizens. Corruption destabilises multiple areas of the functioning of the state, damages the political sphere, in particular in the case of unclear party financing rules and illicit lobbying. It also results in faulty laws and provisions being introduced (or not introduced) which favour the few. Corruption also involves destructive economic phenomena, especially in the case of large public projects and tax-related crimes. Morally, it constitutes treason. It ultimately destabilises state structures, rendering them dysfunctional and inefficient, and perverting the fundamental principles of democracy.
EN
The aim of the paper is to focus on two characteristic features which make it difficult to define precisely the constitutional position of Polish intelligence services. First of all, there is no concise concept referring to the place and role that Polish intelligence services should play after 1989. Secondly, intelligence services lack clear distinction from police services. Not only are these services organized in a similar way but also their tasks and powers are alike. Here the question arises: where is the border between intelligence services and police services which were created for different purposes and which have other methods of interfering in individual’s rights and freedom.
EN
The study was created thanks to the author’s preferences to learn increasingly more about new technologies that are able to increase the potential of internal security of the state. Recently, interest in recording areas (difficult to access, dangerous, monitored in adverse weather conditions, monitored due to the implementation of tasks by relevant services), the development of methods enabling the transmission of various materials at a distance, and performing other complicated activities have increased. For this purpose, unmanned aerial vehicles (so-called drones, UAVs) that are versatile in many respects are used. The author noticed the need to disseminate such innovative devices on native soil, especially for using them in multidirectional strengthening of the security sphere. Polish companies producing UAVs for many foreign customers have already marked their presence in this matter. The achievements of the designers are so impressive that it makes us appreciate the development of our technical thought, and above all, the use of drones to ensure security and public order in Poland. A series of training courses is already conducted by the Police Academy in Szczytno, which is a good solution both for teachers and, above all, for the trainees themselves. Such an initiative will undoubtedly translate into increased interest in drones, and especially the incredible usefulness of these devices for uniformed services and other entities.
EN
The article has analysed the subjects of the integration of European Union (EU) priorities of the field of home safety into the national standard. In the research there has been aimed to rate if the system mechanism has been developed and how the EU priorities have been integrated into the papers of Lithuanian national proceedings of court institutions. It is stated that if there is not such a mechanism, the assumptions are structured to operate spontaneous and unfounded practice by the formation of policy of home safety. Therefore, the medium has been constituted for the gaps of this process such as not to implicate the particular and relevant for a state EU priority in the papers of national standard proceedings and not to implement the priority by the national standard both content and form significance. To judge the experts’ interview, the particular proposals due to the process development in Lithuania have been introduced by providing the mechanism of EU priorities’ integration.
EN
Corruption poses a serious threat to the internal security of the state as it destabilises social relations and has a deleterious effect on the political system, negatively affecting legislation and the economy in particular. Corruption, as a phenomenon which erodes social relations, also results in demoralisation and the slackening of morals in society, which is an important substrate of the state. As a multi-dimensional phenomenon, corruption poses a threat to social relations within states and to their internal security both in the broad sense – as a threat to the instruments of the state, and in the narrow sense – threatening the lives, health and property of citizens. Corruption destabilises multiple areas of the functioning of the state, damages the political sphere, in particular in the case of unclear party financing rules and illicit lobbying. It also results in faulty laws and provisions being introduced (or not introduced) which favour the few. Corruption also involves destructive economic phenomena, especially in the case of large public projects and tax-related crimes. Morally, it constitutes treason. It ultimately destabilises state structures, rendering them dysfunctional and inefficient, and perverting the fundamental principles of democracy.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze the reform of the water safety system in Poland and the functioning of this public policy domain after four full years after passing of the new law. The author states that the deregulation and commercialization are the main effects of the reform, and are in particular caused by adopted practice of interpretation of the rules by the ministry. State authorities lack adequate resources to carry out the supervisory or even coordinating functions. The new act transferred responsibilities without creating a coherent system of financing and introduced a system of price competition without effective system for checking regulatory compliance. The growing share of private actors — individuals or civil law partnerships operating for leads to the conclusion about commercialization. The adopted regulations are not in compliance with modern world trends of effective prevention against drowning, precisely outlined in the WHO report.
EN
The development of information society contributes to many transformations; they virtually encompass all the aspects of the contemporary world. However, not all the realms of transformations are subject to scrutiny to the very same degree. This paper is an attempt to acquaint its readers with the issues oftentimes evaded or even not picked up by researchers. The author in this paper presents the results of the research conducted among the students of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in the realm of judging the risk resulting from the development of information society within the context of internal security as well as within the evaluation of the level of these dangers. The results of the author’s investigation indicate that there are many factors which statistically significantly determine the student’s beliefs in the scrutinized realm. Such determinants proved to be – among others- gender, the students’ field of study and the frequency of using the Internet etc.
EN
The aim of the study is to present the existing solutions to the functioning of the police education systems in selected Member States of the European Union. Using the results of the study, the Authors presented the organization of police schools and universities in fifteen European countries. On the basis of the information obtained during the survey that was conducted across Europe the implementation of new organizational and legal solutions to the Polish police education system was proposed. The system of educating officers in Poland was presented in an institutional way, while the functioning of its leading component, i.e. the Police Academy in Szczytno, was described in detail. The material was divided into two parts because of its volume. The first part presents the organization and run of the research activity and ten police education systems in the Member States of the European Union were also characterised. Whereas the second part of the paper contains a continuation of the characteristics of the police education systems in Europe (the next four countries were discussed), and also highlights the functioning of the police education system in Poland, with particular reference to the Police Academy in Szczytno. This part of the study also includes proposals for changes to the Polish police education system. The paper was made in the framework of the project "Construction of an IT system supporting communication in the Police and other services subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the aspect of internal security", project No. DOB-BIO7 /03/01/2015 of PLN 5 010 000 co-financed by the National Research and Development Centre under the competition No.7/2015 and No. 7/2015 for the execution and financing of research and development projects for national defence and security or research and development works for national defence and security.
EN
Authors presented in the paper the method of evaluation of operational performance vehicle simulators. Number of simulation solutions are created in conjunction with the various requirements for the quality of simulation make the audience it is difficult to define requirements and the authors do not always reach desired effects due to budget constraints. The paper presents the idea for the evaluations of the functional parameters of vehicle simulators. Authors decided also to make an attempt to give the preliminary answer to a question which from studied projection systems causes lesser degree of symptoms of simulator sickness during training by conducting experimental comparition studies. Paper contains essential information both for creators and consumers of such solutions.
EN
The aim of the study is presentation of the French system of police education on the example of its central academic institution - France’s National Police College. The paper describes the management system of the College, recruitment procedures in the French National Police as well as forms of education and professional training offered by the police training centres in France. In the introduction to the main body of the paper, the reader will find detailed description of the central organisation unit of the French Police i.e. the General Directorate of the National Police with headquarters in Paris.
EN
This publication describes the importance of the police in internal security system. In the era of modern threats dynamically changing environment police is facing many challenges associated with ensuring public safety. The police not only in an administrative way but especially in the way the military protects public safety when other measures are no longer effective.
EN
The changes introduced in the system of internal security in Poland after 1990, especially the activities of the Polish Police, are aimed at perceiving the servant role of the whole formation in relation to the society. Progressive professionalisation is connected not only with continuous improvement and exchange of equipment resources, but above all with high expectations towards the officers themselves. In this sense, in order to carry out the statutory tasks well, the policeman should obviously have the latest technological achievements, but it is equally important that he or she has a high sense of morality. In difficult situations, he or she must have no doubts as to how he or she should behave, what is good and what is wrong - what is bad. Ethically deepened professionalism means not only taking care of the quality of their work and its effects, but also taking care of good interpersonal relations, effective protection against unnecessary tensions, observance of the rules of appropriate behaviour and the accompanying diligence and efficiency of their actions. Openness of the Police to society, including building public trust based on ethical principles and absolute respect for human rights, supported by social research, is a testimony to the growing professionalism. The indicated trend in the development of the Polish Police is a new challenge. It is characterized by a return to the ethos of the State Police, but as it should be believed, it will not always meet with full recognition and understanding of the police community. This justifies undertaking research on the relationship between the rules of professional ethics of the police officer and their impact on the safety in service. This article contains a scientific exploration of the issues raised, supported by empirical research on a group of 326 Polish Police officers.
EN
The research presented in the article is devoted to issues concerning crisis management system improvement. The emphasis and author’s focus concerns especially the training procedures providing the proper instructions for the specialists operating within it. Specifically, the practical training is named as the priority, and this includes the means of organizing exercises, and interaction within the crisis management system. The legislative process is also outlined, with the legal ambiguity of some statutory nature also exemplified. This correspondingly includes the assessment of the executory provisions sometimes determining the effective validation of the crisis management system.
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