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  1. 17 Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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1
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Opinia prawna na temat możliwości zawarcia umowy o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania między Rzecząpospolitą Polską a Tajwanem

100%
Grzelak A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2015
|
issue 3(47)
104-113
EN
According to the view expressed in the opinion, currently Taiwan cannot be a party to an international agreement within the meaning of the existing Act on International Agreements of 2002. The conclusion of an agreement between the trade offices of both parties, which would be of private-law character, and which then would have influence on tax regulations in Poland and Taiwan, would have to result in changes in domestic statutory legislation. It is the only acceptable solution.
2
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The Polish Practice Regarding the Promulgation of International Agreements between 1945 and 2017

80%
Wierczyński G.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
|
2016
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vol. 36
257-266
EN
This article presents the Polish practice of promulgation of international agreements since the end of World War II. It shows that the practice is at variance with the law and makes it difficult to determine the current legal situation vis-à-vis international agreements in Poland. In the conclusions the author puts forward de lege ferenda proposals which could improve the Polish promulgation practice.
3
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Ochrona i wykorzystanie roślinnych zasobów genowych. Wybrane aspekty prawne

80%
Gała P.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2012
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vol. 10
489-502
EN
The issue of protection and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is governed by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) prepared in Rome on 3 November, 2001. The Republic of Poland ratified the Treaty on 15 October, 2004, which came into force towards our country on 8 May, 2005. This paper is purposed to search the answer the question: is the Treaty composed of a set of norms covering measures sufficiently adequate, unambiguous and accurate to make a source of legal instruments to discharge the obligations specified above, or does the Treaty constitute merely certain legal frameworks, within which its signatories should move using institutions of the internal law (or creating them). If the Treaty subject to analysis constitute merely legal frameworks to discharge the obligations under the Treaty, then do the Polish legislation and the European Union legislation applied directly allow to implement the Treaty provisions in practice (as a whole or in a part). Finally, if operating rules of the law (regulations, the European Union law) do not allow to implement the Treaty provisions in a whole or in a part, then is it necessary to enact a new comprehensive regulation creating a legal instrument purposed to implement the aim, or will modification of the existing legal regulation be sufficient (if any, then in what scope). Answering the above questions it is necessary to concern the position of the international agreements in the Polish legal order, and next to determine what type of norms of the international law we deal with regard to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Only examination of the key issues mentioned above allows to indicate what specific regulations of the Polish national law provide implementation of the Treaty provisions, and in what aspect the changes required within a scope of this legislation should proceed, or in what aspect creation of new legal instruments in the Polish legal order is necessary.
4
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The Institution of Full Powers in the Process of Concluding International Agreements

80%
Bąkowski M.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2021
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vol. 13
97-117
EN
This paper addresses issues related to the institution of full powers in the process of concluding international agreements. The author makes an analysis of the historical evolution of the institution of full powers and discusses the essential elements of the full powers instrument with regard to the representation of the state and international organizations, taking into account current international law regulations. In this regard, the author also refers to international practice and, based on a review of the scholarly literature, attempts to classify full powers.
5
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Wybór posłów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w powszechnych wyborach bezpośrednich (2020/2220(INL) – 2022/0902(APP))

80%
Chybalski P., Fryźlewicz M., Jaroszyński T.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 1(77)
137-155
EN
The adoption of the draft regulation constitutes a further step in the development of the electoral procedure for elections to the European Parliament. It will replace the 1976 Council Decision and the Act concerning the election of the representatives of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage annexed to that Decision. The authors set out concerns relating to, inter alia, the proposed institution of an EU-wide constituency and common provisions for election campaigns. Further doubts are raised regarding the proposal to fix uniformly the voting day for EP elections and the institution of a ‘temporary MEP’. In the draft position of the RP, the Council of Ministers “assesses the draft regulation negatively, due to the contradiction of some of the solutions proposed in the proposal with the legal order currently in force in the Republic of Poland”.
6
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Opinia prawna na temat zasad opodatkowania dochodów uzyskanych z pracy najemnej wykonywanej poza granicami Polski przez osobę mającą miejsce zamieszkania w Polsce

80%
Kulicki J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2016
|
issue 3(51)
188-195
EN
An individual residing abroad is not subject to Polish tax jurisdiction in relation to the income acquired abroad. In the case of a taxpayer resident in Poland, returning from temporary stay abroad for work purposes, the amount of his income tax due in Poland, payable also on income earned abroad, will be calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Income Tax from Individuals and the agreement on avoidance of double taxation concluded by Poland with the country in which the taxpayer had earned income (receipts). The situation of each such person may be different depending on the country in which he/she obtained income, as well as the fact whether - except for income earned abroad - he/she also obtained in this period income from sources located in Poland.
7
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Opinia na temat projektów decyzji Rady w sprawie podpisania, tymczasowego stosowania i zawarcia kompleksowej umowy gospodarczej i handlowej między Kanadą a Unią Europejską i jej państwami członkowskimi

80%
Mik C.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2016
|
issue 3(51)
71-90
EN
The author of the opinion analyzes the Agreement in terms of competence to sign and conclude it, as well as the grounds for its provisional application. In his opinion, the Agreement was written as if it were fully subject to the exclusive competence of the Union. In such case, the Council would be empowered alone to sign and conclude of the Agreement on the part of the whole EU, and to start its provisional application. However, on the basis of the scope of its regulation, the Agreement may be considered as concerning the area not covered only by exclusive competence and, therefore, its signing, provisional application and final binding force should occur on the basis of cooperation between the European Union and its Member States under the principle of sincere cooperation. Hence, it should be assumed that the Council can make decisions on these activities but, essentially, the effectiveness of these activities will depend on whether all the Member States make them also.
8
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Decyzje Rady dotyczące umowy o handlu i współpracy między UE i Europejską Wspólnotą Energii Atomowej a Wielką Brytanią oraz umowy między UE a Wielką Brytanią w sprawie procedur bezpieczeństwa na potrzeby wymiany i ochrony informacji niejawnych

80%
Pawłowski B., Russel P., Adamiec J., Grycuk A., Podraza-Majewska N., Karolczak J. M., Kościelny P., Kulicki J., Marchewka-Bartkowiak K., Wasil-Rusecka W., Krzak J., Berkowska E., Szczepańska M., Ciura G., Szpringer Z.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2022
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issue 1(73)
102-152
EN
The authors of the opinion comprehensively discuss the agreement concluded by the European Union, European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom on the terms of trade and cooperation after Brexit and the agreement concluded between the European Union and the United Kingdom concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information. They present the provisions of individual parts of the agreements, regulating the issues of trade, fisheries, coordination of social systems, customs, visas, law enforcement cooperation and cybersecurity. They assess the impact of the implementation of the agreements. The authors positively assess the wide range of regulations. In their opinion they will reduce the negative effects of Brexit. However they identify some of their shortcomings that need to be removed.
9
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Opinia prawna w sprawie zamiaru ratyfikacji bez uprzedniej zgody wyrażonej w ustawie umowy o międzynarodowych przewozach szybko psujących się artykułów żywnościowych i o specjalnych środkach transportu przeznaczonych do tych przewozów, sporządzonej w Genewie 1 września 1970 r.

80%
Mik C.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2014
|
issue 4(44)
88-96
EN
The submitted bill raises serious legal concerns. In the sense of international law, Poland is already legally bound by the ATP Agreement on the basis of accession and the resolution adopted by the Council of Ministers on 30 October 1982. From the perspective of the Constitution and international law which binds Poland, ratification of the Agreement without prior giving notice of denunciation is unacceptable. The author proposes three alternatives: the publication of the full text ad ATP Agreement, the ratification of the amendments to the ATP Agreement or denunciation of the Agreement under Article 12 thereof together with its ratification of the co-existing with the changes in accordance with Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution.
10
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Opinia w sprawie prawnych aspektów aktywności międzynarodowej województw, zawieranych przez nie umów i porozumień oraz kompetencji Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych i Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych

80%
Mik C.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2013
|
issue 2(38)
187-202
EN
The opinion deals with the legal status of international arrangements concluded by Polish provinces (voivodships). These arrangements, according to the author, are not international agreements, as – under the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – provinces do not have competence to conclude such agreements. Provinces are only allowed to join international association of local communities that are not international organizations.
11
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Opinia na temat trybu ratyfikacji Protokołu w sprawie obaw narodu irlandzkiego co do traktatu z Lizbony, sporządzonego w Brukseli 13 czerwca 2012 r.

80%
Grzelak A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2013
|
issue 2(38)
140-144
EN
The opinion provides an assessment of the correctness of the choice by the Council of Ministers of the procedure for ratification of the Protocol on the concerns of the Irish people on the Treaty of Lisbon, done at Brussels on 13 June 2012 (the so-called Irish Protocol). As a consequence of the Irish Parliament’s expectations relating to the protection of certain values and interests, which are of vital importance for Ireland and constitute a condition sine qua non of the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, the development of the above mentioned Protocol and ratification thereof by all EU member states has proved to be necessary. The author claims that there are no grounds for the application of the procedure specified in Article 90 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, instead of the procedure referred to in Article 89 (1) of the Constitution (i.e. with prior consent granted in statute).
12
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Opinia prawna w sprawie ratyfikacji umowy między państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej, zebranymi w Radzie, w sprawie ochrony informacji niejawnych wymienianych w interesie Unii Europejskiej

80%
Grzelak A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2013
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issue 2(38)
118-130
EN
The opinion deals with the procedure for ratification of the title agreement and the Council of Ministers’ position that the ratification of the Agreement does not require prior consent granted in a statute. The author provides an analysis of the legal character of the Agreement and assesses the procedure proposed for its ratification. She examines whether any conditions specified in Article 89 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (which would justify its ratification with prior consent granted in a statute) are satisfied. The author concludes that the ratification procedure specified in Article 89 (2) of the Constitution, as proposed by the Council of Ministers, is appropriate.
13
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Tryb ratyfikacji decyzji Rady 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom oraz przedstawionego Sejmowi RP projektu ustawy ratyfikacyjnej (druk sejmowy nr 1123)

80%
Szymanek J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 3(71)
81-101
EN
The author points out that the Council Decision 2020/2053 requires ratification in accordance with the law of Member States. In the case of Poland it should be the procedure specified in Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution, therefore requiring a prior consent granted in a statute. This mode has to be chosen to avoid imposing a significant financial burden on the state and because of earlier practice regarding the ratification of such decisions. The author excludes the possibility of the so called great ratification (Article 90 of the Constitution, majority of 2/3 votes in the Sejm), because the decision does not grant any new powers to the Union.
14
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Tryb ratyfikacji decyzji Rady 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

80%
Pastuszko G.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 3(71)
124-136
EN
The Council’s decision regarding a uniform rate of collection for the unrecycled mass of plastic packaging waste, the digital fee and the incurrence of debt by the European Commission does not result in any transfer of competence from the Member States to the European Union. The lack of such transfer excludes the necessity of applying Article 90 of the Constitution (the so called the great ratification, majority of 2/3 votes in the Sejm). However, because the ratification would cause a significant financial burden on the state, the decision should be ratified pursuant to Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution, i.e. by means of a statute.
15
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Tryb wyrażenia zgody na ratyfikację decyzji Rady 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych UE w świetle Konstytucji RP

80%
Grabowska G.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 3(71)
102-123
EN
The author, after analysing the contents of the Council Decision 2020/2053 in the light of national, European and international law, states that the decision does not levy any new taxes on the member states and does not grant the Union any new powers. In her opinion, the decision includes only a temporary authorisation for the European Commission to take out loans. Therefore, the author believes the decision needs to be ratified pursuant to Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution, i.e. it requires a prior consent granted in a statute. She rejects the opinion that the decision should be ratified pursuant to Article 90 of the Constitution.
16
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Możliwość wprowadzenia zmian w ustawie z 4 maja 2021 r. o ratyfikacji decyzji Rady (UE, Euratom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

80%
Przywora B.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 4(72)
59-71
EN
A ratification act is a special normative act, although it is adopted as an ordinary statute. It is of a procedural and episodic nature. It expresses the consent of the parliament to ratify an international agreement by the President. It should not be amended beyond the scope of this consent. Only minor editorial changes are allowed.
17
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Możliwość wprowadzenia zmian w ustawie z 4 maja 2021 r. o ratyfikacji decyzji Rady (UE, Euratom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

80%
Szymanek J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 4(72)
72-87
EN
According to the author, the ratification act is a specific statute aimed only at adopting a given agreement. It should contain the President’s authorisation to ratify it and the date of entry into force. Any changes and substantive corrections should be considered inadmissible. The contents of the agreement should be changed at the international, rather than the national, level.
18
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Rola Parlamentu Europejskiego i parlamentów narodowych w procesie zawarcia umowy międzynarodowej przez Unię Europejską

80%
Kalicka-Mikołajczyk A.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2020
|
issue 2(157)
81–96
EN
The entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon did not cause fundamental changes in the European Parliament’s competences as regards the external policy of the European Union, but it did result in fundamental changes with reference to new competences vested in national parliaments, including competences in the sphere of the EU external policy. The aim of the article is to answer the question on the scope of competences of the European Parliament and national parliaments in the process of concluding international agreements by the European Union. The problem is analysed at both the EU and national levels. The point of reference is Article 218 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union specifying the procedure of concluding international agreements by the European Union, and in the case of the analysis of the national parliaments’ general competences, also the competences of the Polish parliament and the relevant national legal acts are discussed.
19
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Analiza stopnia implementacji postanowień konwencji dotyczących bezpaństwowców z 1954 r. i 1961 r. w prawie polskim

70%
Mik C.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 3(59)
71-92
EN
The subject of the opinion is an analysis of the degree of implementation of provisions of the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons of 1954 and the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness of 1961 in the Polish legal system, in particular: determination of the rules of the Conventions which are present in Polish law; an analysis of possible inconsistencies between the Conventions and Polish law; an indication of legislator’s obligations that would arise, if Poland became bound by these Conventions.
20
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Tryb ratyfikowania decyzji Rady (UE, Euratom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

70%
Szmulik B.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 3(71)
137-145
EN
As a result of the adoption of the Council’s decision, the European Union will not receive any new competencies beyond such ones that it already possesses, which is why the author rejects the so-called ’great ratification’, i.e. the one carried out on the basis of Article 90 of the Constitution (majority of 2/3 votes in the Sejm). Because the ratification of the decision will result in a significant financial burden for the state, the proper procedure for its ratification is the statutory one provided in Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution.
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