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EN
The article reflects target priorities, content and procedural aspects of activities of international organizations in the sphere of gifted and talented education. It is proved that discussed in the article international organizations are innovative educational networks, as they are characterized by a complex branched structure of the partnership. It is found out that these organizations have the common mission of developing the potential of gifted and talented children through the organization of cooperation of all stakeholders – teachers, parents, scientists, community, education policy makers and actually gifted individuals. The mission is being implemented in the number of tasks, namely: ensuring exchange of information, progressive ideas and experience through international conferences (annual or biannual depending on the organization); creation of an atmosphere of acceptance and recognition of gifted and talented children with different levels of training in any country; support and dissemination of the research on the nature of giftedness, talents, creativity, and the education of gifted and talented children and their teachers; providing opportunities for professional development of teachers working with gifted children of different ages; establishing and support a national education networks in education of gifted and talented children in the countries; support of international programs for gifted children; promoting training for parents and families raising gifted children to achieve full potential of each child. It was determined that the most common forms of exchange of experience are regular international, national and regional conferences (e.g. WCGTC World Conference, International ECHA Conference), which also include the involvement of all actors in the process, as well as publishing specialized research journals on education of the gifted and talented. Considering the fact that all of the organizations are focusing on the professional development of teachers as the main agents of change the prospect of further research could be the internationalization of professional development programs for teachers working with gifted and talented students.
EN
Review of a book: M. Ruffert, C. Walter, Institutionalised International Law, C.H. Beck, Hart Publishing, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden: 2015
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Crisis of Multilateralism and International Security

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PL
Since the Second World War multilateralism has become a mechanism of dealing with threats to international peace and security, the implementation of Security Council decisions and principles of the UN Charter. However, the response of international organizations to these threats is often criticized in the scientific community. This paper aims to investigate whether multilateralism is now facing crisis in terms of its effectiveness, legitimacy, and equality, particularly in decision- making process and implementation of institutional decisions.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14762
EN
The following material will focus initially on determining the concept of consensus, as defined by different scholars and different philosophical beliefs, role played by consensus in the establishment and functioning of the rule of law, in operation of international organizations, such as the UN, NATO and the EU. Also, we will discuss briefly the role of consensus in the process of running and organization of these organizations and functioning of the structures of national security in the process of making important decisions, in achieving the standards for Euro-Atlantic integration, and in the closing of this paper we will provide some conclusions which might be of some help in contributing, even theoretically, in the establishment, consolidation and strengthening of the national security structure. Finally, the conclusion part of this paper is thought to offer some recommendations, as well. Of course, due to the scope of this paper, the recommendations are being addressed to the political class, as an attempt to encourage it to use consensus in all areas of its activity.
Acta Politica Polonica
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2020
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vol. 49
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issue 1
61-71
EN
.This paper will highlight, among other things, the most significant features of the peaceful set- tlement of disputes in international legal practice. In order to point out the connection between peaceful dispute resolution and preventive diplomacy, it will be necessary to point to certain theoretical views. Nevertheless, the early institutionalization of the holders of these activi- ties, as well as the prominent role of internal organs for maintaining international relations, in these or similar situations, over time, there have been certain changes caused primarily by the spread of influence in addition to the state, and to other entities of international law. It is the emergence of international organizations that modifies both the holders and the activities available to them, all with a view to preventing conflict. Using a comparative and historical method, we will try to point out, on a specific example, analyzing the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, that some of the traditional peace-diplomatic means have been transformed into preventive diplomatic activities and what peculiarities did they contain. A particular example will point out their weaknesses as well as the consequences they have caused for the legal, and economic and other systems of the former Yugoslavia.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2023
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vol. 10
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issue 2
133-155
EN
This article aims to present the different approaches of countries around the world regarding the legal regulations of cyberspace. The creation of a unified legal system for cyberspace will be a difficult process due to major conflicts of interest. International organizations such as the EU and NATO, which bring together countries that have a similar vision of the world and how it should function, contribute to the unification of legal norms governing cyberspace in specific countries. On the other hand, vague initiatives of the world’s largest organization – the UN as well as the lack of implementation of newly adopted regulations by all member countries, unfortunately slow down the fight against cyberterrorism and cybercrimes that are transnational in nature. All countries around the world are increasing financial investment in improving information networks, creating new institutions to combat threats in the digital space and adapting laws to a dynamically changing world.
EN
When the Soviet Union collapsed Russian society abroad started to search for a new identity that can be recognized as idea of Русский Мир. The consolidation has started and initiated a process of the institutionalization of the Russian diaspora. The period of Vladimir Putin's presidency is clearly indicated here, when the interest in authority of the Russian diaspora coincided with an increase of Russian social activism on a global scale. In contrast to Boris Yeltsin, who inefficiently tried to integrate the Russian diaspora, his successor Vladimir Putin actively supports Russian diaspora organizations to promote Russian cultures and values. It is why the subject of the article is international organizations of the Russian diaspora founded after 2000. Doubtless institutions of the Russian diaspora are up and running, with the majority of them being national, while a few of them are international. The method of comparison allowed for the researching of the process of their foundation, membership, activity, relationship to (dependence on) the Russian Federation, as well as the international role in protecting the rights of Russian minorities. Data bases on the organizations’ statutes and statements provided the source material for the analysis.
EN
In the paper the author attempts to describe the issue of refugees as a very important problem in international law, a problem which generates profits e.g. a rise in human capital, as well as losses e.g. costs, for the countries involved. The balance depends on the policy of a given country, whether this country is able to capitalize on the human capital or whether it is only counting costs. Sometimes obligations resulting from international law are not sufficient to convince societies that accepting refugees is the right decision. The paper will focus on how, with appropriate legislative tools, the united world can help people who are in danger. The author will also pose a question whether enough is being done, or whether the scope and methods currently in use should be amended. The paper discusses the issue of refugees from the perspective of various organizations involved i.e. global institutions like UNHCR, European Union institutions, non-government organizations (NGOs) and contains a review of relevant legal acts such as the Treaty of Lisbon, the Geneva Convention etc. The author also touches upon the prac
EN
The aim of this article is to present the contribution of international tribunals to the development of the doctrine of implied powers of international organizations. The author discusses the case law and the position presented by the PCIJ and the ICJ regarding the powers of international organizations. He points to the basis for implication of powers of international organizations and the limitation of such implication and presents a noticeable evolution of the tribunals view on the issue of implied powers.
EN
The notions of culturalization of human rights law and the concept of right to culture are fairly new issues, arising from the changes in the area of application and understanding of international law as well as from the signs of growing sensitivity to the sphere of culture, but also the need to take into account the broad cultural context. As a result of these changes international bodies, courts and institutions pay more attention to the role of culture in human rights. Based on this process, we can observe the emergence of the concept of the right to culture as one of the fundamental human rights. This article thus seeks to answer questions as to what the right to culture might be, how is understood, whether it is rooted in international law, and how it might be being given effect to. Considering that this is a very broad and multifaceted issue, the goals here have been limited to a very general indication of the key issues related to the emerging concept of the right to culture. Hence, due to the current debate the article’s aims it to highlight the foundation of the right to culture, give overview how the right might be perceived and where we can find elements constituting the right to culture (here e.g. international bodies judgments).
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EN
Despite the fact that Switzerland does not formally belong to the European Union, it has always been strongly associated with the above organization at various levels. At first, after World War II, the contact was established with considerable caution which resulted from economic and trade contacts of Swiss government with Germany and Italy maintained during the war. First international contracts were related to the economic sphere and later on expanded by addressing the sphere of social issues such as legal system, culture, charity, science and education. At present, due to bilateral agreements, Switzerland has been integrated with the European Union even more than its newest Member States, i.e. Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia, which confirms the significant flexibility of this Community as well as its great possibility to adapt to each of its Members. According to the Swiss, the greatest obstacle preventing this country from joining the EU is the upholding principle of eternal neutrality, although the importance of which has decreased over the years, it has been deeply rooted in Swiss mentality. Moreover, another factor preventing Switzerland from joining the EU is its strong economy as Swiss membership would result in the need to pay relatively higher contributions than that of other Member States of the Community. Although the contacts between the EU and Switzerland have been significantly intensified, the prospect of membership still seems relatively remote, all the more as bilateral agreements as well as participation in the Schengen area since 2008 make both parties satisfied and for now none of them intends to seek new solutions.
EN
The article deals with the functioning of the higher education facing civilization changes taking place in Poland and worldwide. The author discusses educational reports published by international institutions (including UNESCO, Club of Rome and European Commission). The second part of the paper focuses on the Polish case. The author presents various reports concerning Polish higher education system and provides a brief description of the Polish higher education system reforms.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the main aspects of limitations to the implied powers of international organizations. The author discusses the most important case law and the position on this topic presented, in particular, by the International Court of Justice. He points to the most salient categories in the catalogue of the limits of implied powers of international organizations.
EN
This paper provides an overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
EN
This paper provides a pedagogical overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
EN
This paper provides a pedagogical overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
EN
This paper provides a pedagogical overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
EN
The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether there are universal norms of customary international law governing the immunity of international organizations and their property; what are the obstacles to the development of the UN Convention governing the immunity of international organizations. In the comparative legal analysis, Jerzy Menkes proves that states immunities stem from international and national laws. In the case of immunities derived from international law, there are no universal standards defining the scope of jurisdiction immunity of the state and its properties. Jurisdictional immunity of international organizations has its only source in international law (many states also regulate the issue in their domestic law). The study showed that international regulations move in contradictory directions, as regards the states there is a move away from absolute immunity, in respect of international organizations expansion of both the catalog of entitled entities and the scope of immunity is observed.
EN
The history of European integration after the Second World War started in the 1951 with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community. Further developments led to the establishment of the European Union. This article’s main focus is the analysis of evolution of different European international organizations that brought about the creation of the European Union. The aim is to examine the succession between international organizations in the history of the European Union. This study tries to discern characteristics of succession between European international organizations which enabled the creation of the European Union in comparison with general principles of succession between international organizations.
EN
The article examines the concept and legal aspects of creating a special international tribunal regarding the crime of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Although this research topic first emerged after the events of 2014 related to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, scientific interest in the study of this problem increased after the criminal full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of the sovereign state of Ukraine. The author considers the evolution of creation of select military tribunals, the specifics of their activities, and the established practice of prosecuting the crimes of aggression. Additionally, the analysis focuses on statements regarding the idea of creating a special international tribunal for the Russian Federation for crimes of aggression against Ukraine. It is substantiated that the highest form of international justice in the modern world is a tribunal, as it provides for a public and inevitable punishment and it acts as one of the elements guaranteeing the inviolability of the international legal order at the same time. The creation of a special tribunal for the Russian Federation will be the impetus for new approaches to expand the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court so that it can prosecute acts of aggression, and Ukraine will serve as an example for responding to aggression. The author determined, the establishment of an international tribunal for the first time is a complex process because it is often necessary to find new and completely original solutions to many legal and practical problems facing the tribunal. Moreover, the sum total of these decisions should provide the basis for a reasonable and universally applicable jurisdiction for future generations, at the same time allowing the tribunal to take into account the social, cultural and historical context of the conflict in question and to reflect this context to some extent in its decisions and practice.
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