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Broken Europe. The International Order in Central and Eastern Europe

100%
Pietraś M.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2012
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vol. 41
62-97
EN
After the collapse of the bipolar international system, a new line of “soft” division in Europe has been established in East-Central Europe. The article seeks to verify the hypothesis that Central and Eastern Europe is an international relations area but is not a cohesive, tightly-knit region united by common institutions, historical experience and the resulting awareness of a separate identity and a sense of community vis-à-vis the external world whereas the international order herein is a dynamic process undergoing evolution. Despite the passage of over twenty years since the collapse of the bipolar system, this process has not yet been completed.
2
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The Crimea Problem (2014): A Theoretical Reconstruction from the Perspective of the International Relations Theory

88%
Romanyuk R., Romanyuk N., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
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2014
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issue 2 (6)
PL
The article aims to present the current situation in Ukraine through international relations theory that is able to provide the necessary theoretical background to analyse the complex problems that unfold in the contemporary international environment. These problems are analysed through several perspectives including realist, postmodern and socialconstructivist dimensions, as well as from the point of view of classical institutionalism. What is more, on the basis of their deliberations, the authors describe several possible scenarios of the future events, including the strategy of Russia to continue destabilization in Ukraine in order to seize control over its entire territory and the long-term effects of international sanctions on the Russian economy with the possibility of the collapse of the aggressor state. Nonetheless, the Crimean crisis reveals an important fact that, according to the authors, has deep ramifications for the entire international security system – at present, the international community is not able to exert influence on any of the nuclear powers through military means. While other, non-military means of influence can be used, such as broad economic sanctions or political isolation of an aggressor-state, they are not effective immediately thus allowing the aggressor states to violate international law with a feeling of impunity and invincibility.
3
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The Explanatory Power of Structural Realism in the 21st Century : the Eastern Partnership, Russian Expansionism and the War in Ukraine

88%
Herbut M., Kunert-Milcarz R.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2017
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vol. 2 (46)
190–204
EN
While the scope of the paper is to assess the actions undertaken by the European Union towards the FSU-CIS (the former Soviet Union, Commonwealth of Independent States) which was manifested through the Eastern Partnership Initiative in the years 2008–2014, the focus will be centred on theoretical concepts and their ‘explanatory power’ rather than actions undertaken by European or Russian decision makers. Taking that into the account, this essay will critically assess the explanatory power of the neorealist school of thought which although overtly criticized, still remains a viable tool in explaining the processes occurring in international relations.
4
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Problematyka wywiadu z perspektywy teorii stosunków międzynarodowych

75%
Minkina M.
SECRETUM. Służby specjalne, bezpieczeństwo, informacja
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2014
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issue 1(1)
44 - 62
PL
Wśród samych badaczy problematyki prowadzona jest dyskusja na temat tego, jak wywiad powinien być definiowany. Pomimo swego rodzaju konsensu na poziomie ogólnym sformułowanie jednolitego poglądu w tym zakresie nie jest zadaniem łatwym. Definicje wywiadu różnią się, jednak znaczną ich liczbęłączy idea zapewnienia państwu bezpieczeństwa, jak również to, że trektuje się wywiad jako warunek konieczny do zapewnienia mu względnej przewagi. Wywiad ma ścisły związek z realizmem strukturalnym, co zapewnia teoretycznewyjaśnienie pewnych kluczowych pytań w badaniach nad min. Wspomniana teoria tłumaczy również tajność działań wywiadowczych. Jednak sam wywiad przyciągnął niewielką uwagę badaczy stosunków międzynarodowych. Wywiad strategiczny jest procesem, którego celem jest utrzymanie istniejącej konfiguracji sił bądź jej zwiększenie, jak również zapewnienie użytecznych narzędzi w procesie podejmowania decyzji. Jednakże prowadzona jest dyskusja nad tym, czy wywiad potrzebuje autonomicznej teorii, czy powinien być postrzegany z perspektywy teorii stosunków międzynarodowych. Dlatego uznając przydatność dorobku teoretycznego realizmu strukturalnego do wyjaśniania zasadności powstawania, utrzymywania oraz skuteczności organizacji wywiadowczych, należy zidentyfikować inne problemy, które mogłyby stanowić obszar badań nad wywiadem z innych perspektyw teoretycznych, nie tylko stosunków międzynarodowych, ale również innych dyscyplin naukowych.
EN
There is an ongoing debate among researchers in this field on how intelligence should be defined. Despite a certain consensus at the general level, formulating a uniform opinion in this respect is not an easy task. Definitions vary, however, the majority of them share the idea of ensuring state security and treat intelligence as a sine qua non condition of the state’s relative advantage. Intelligence is strictly connected with structural realism which provides a theoretical explanation of certain key questions in intelligence studies. Structural realism explains also the secrecy of intelligence activity. However, intelligence itself has attracted little attention of international relations scholars. Strategic intelligence is a process whose purpose is to maintain or enhance the existing configuration of powers as well as to provide useful tools for the decision making process. However, it is disputable whether intelligence requires an autonomous theory or whether it should be perceived from the perspective of the international relations theory. Therefore, acknowledging the usefulness of theoretical achievements of structural realism in the explanation of the legitimacy of the establishment and maintenance as well as the effectiveness of intelligence, it is necessary to indicate other problems which could constitute the area of research on intelligence from different theoretical perspectives, not only from the point of view of international relations, but also other scientific disciplines.
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