Search results - CEJSH

1

The international political economy of security

100%

Śnitko R.

Doctrina. Studia społeczno-polityczne

|

2015

|

vol. 12

|

issue 12

129-142

PL

The term international political economy in the literature exists at least since 17th century and is connected to Adam Smith. In the 20th century the first academic definition of political economy was probably formulated by Robert Gilpinin in 1975. Since that studies on international political economy flourished and presented different view of the phenomenon. Today the international political economy cover several areas including international security. International organisations such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank or G–8 base on its statutory activity can influence regional and state security.

2

„PAŃSTWO ISLAMSKIE” I JEGO WPŁYW NA AKTUALNE BEZPIECZEŃSTWO MIĘDZYNARODOWE

80%

MACHNIAK A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2016

|

issue 4(14)

127-140 (15)

EN

The Islamic State was established as a result of many political, social and economic factors. It is currently the strongest terrorist structure in the world, which has support among the Islamic community across the globe. IS is a creation, which destabilizes the situation in the Middle East and threatens international security. Only the creation of a single international coalition sharing a common military and political policy against the IS can lead to the neutralization of this threat.

3

Armed Forces as a Geopolitics Instrument from a Historical and Contemporary Perspective

80%

Ziętarski M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2020

|

vol. 34(34)

145-156

EN

Geography can restrain states, or create possibilities to the political activity that states carry out. Following Carl von Clausewitz, one can point to the relation between politics and war. The famous Prussian general claimed that war is an extension of politics made by means of the armed forces. Questions should therefore be posed how geography restrains or stregthens the activity of the armed forces, and how geopolitics determines the functioning of the military. The following article shows the abovementioned imperative in the historical as well as contemporary context. The aim of the study is to place the armed forces in the geopolitical framework and to show the cause-and-effect relationship between the operations of the armed forces and geopolitics. The research is carried out on the time axis: the time analysis is divided into the period of the Second World War, the Cold War and the post-Cold War period.

4

Russian comprehensive approach toward Arctic Race

80%

ŚLIWA Z.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2014

|

vol. 12(12)

212-234

EN

Arctic has lately slipped slightly from the radar of the International Community as a consequence of the Ukrainian, economic austerity, Ebola spread and also combating radicals like Islamic State. Even global warming is not major topic of news. In spite of this, the Arctic race is ongoing involving all the nations interested in that region considering future profits connected with resources, shipping routes and fishery. Among them Russia is currently a key player in many domains especially as it is treating Arctic very seriously and has already invested into grounding national position there. Present-day peaceful cooperation is very promising but growing military presence in Arctic, especially Russian build-up, is causing more and more concerns about the future. The paper is discussing major reasons of the Arctic race, depicting briefly legal aspects e.g. UNCLOS, international organizations like the Arctic Council and also role of actors there. International disputes are also mentioned especially those related to the Russian Federation, being major player there. The main focus is on Russian interests, economy related competition and also military developments to support national interests. The Western sanctions are negatively influencing exploration of natural resources making Moscow nervous and the country must be treated very seriously to avoid creating new “Cold War” type icy relations and confrontation.

5

Współpraca, rywalizacja czy konflikt? Stosunki Unii Europejskiej i Federacji Rosyjskiej

80%

Przybyła K.

Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna

|

2011

|

issue 1-2(32-33)

128-150

EN

The article is an attempt to present the relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union in the transition period between the international order that has just finished and the one that is developing. The author analyzes the relations between the parties on the political, military, national and international security related, economic and social planes and also presents optimal scenarios of the relations in the future. In order to do that she uses such research methods as comparative and critical analysis of available literature and resource materials. The analysis of the relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union lets the author draw a concussion that they are important for both political players, especially in relation with the perspective of winning or maintaining the position of a leading actor. Therefore, a conflict between Brussels and Moscow and too fierce rivalry would not be advantageous. Both international players, Russia and the European Union, realize that their co-operation – especially in connection with external threats – can be mostly beneficial. An issue that complicates the bilateral relations is the asymmetry of the parties. Russia is a state that has been a superpower for ages and – in spite of some economic problems – still holds this position. The European Union, on the other hand, is only an international organization, which - although it already is an international legal entity - is striving to join the “club of the chosen”. It is strong economically but not politically. Disproportions between the European Union and Russia also exist both in the military field and the social sphere (the systems of the parties’ values). However, the future of their relations depends mainly on the route they will choose in the nearest future. Thus it depends on whether and to what extend the political integration will prove to be successful for the European Union (what kind of integration the member states will approve of) as well as what development route and what system of values the Russian Federation will decide to choose. None of the options has been determined yet. However, it is certain that Russia’s starting position is better: it is a master of political games while the European Union seems to be continually too naïve.

6

The state security between geopolitical realism and historical tradition

80%

Citati D.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2014

|

vol. 12(12)

201-204

7

Introduction to the Special Issue "Non-military aspects of security in the changing international order"

80%

Lizak W., Zajączkowski K., Kołodziejczak M. E.

Security and Defence Quarterly

|

2021

|

vol. 33

|

issue 1

7-13

8

Security studies and Antonio Gramsci’s "Prison notebooks"

80%

Smyrgała D.

Securitologia

|

2014

|

issue 2(20)

147-156

EN

The article argues that although Antonio Gramsci did not define a new field of research that we could call security studies, his views and ideas on international rela-tions presented in the Prison Notebooks focused around security issues. It may be even stated that his writings anticipated to some extent the birth of security studies after the Second World War – or even the modern theorizing on economic and cultural security.

9

Military Force in Contemporary Political Reality

80%

Piątek J. J.

Reality of Politics

|

2015

|

issue 6

44-59

EN

For the purposes of this article it has been assumed that the army should not become an autonomous constituent of the state’s structure, since this would pose a threat of taking over a dominant position by this specific formation. The aim of the article is to analyze the modification of the reasons for the outbreak of war, and the means of conducting it. The ongoing changes in the security environment, both in national and worldwide scale, as well as the proceeding national interests of our country imply increasingly advanced tasks for the army and considerably extend their range. The process of transformation in the Polish army is being continued. Further changes are targeted at increasing operational capability in order to enable efficient accomplishment of domestic tasks and performing missions outside its borders. In the contemporary international reality there is a prevailing conviction, that the threat of the outbreak of a global-scale war is rather unlikely. However, other jeopardies and risks have recently come to the fore.

10

Terroryzm w obliczu bezpieczeństwa państwa

80%

Dukiewicz T.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

|

2018

|

vol. 40

|

issue 1

19-26

EN

The article focuses on the issue of the threat of terrorism. Terrorism plays a vital role in the environment, gradually becoming a major threat to any conflict affecting the functioning of the state. Experience has shown that in the fight against terrorism, the key to victory is the exchange of intelligence and new techniques and procedures for action. Anti-terrorism methods are continually evolving as a result of new trends and ways in which terrorist activities are carried out.

11

Miejsce Europy w globalnej strategii USA

80%

Stachura J.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2014

|

issue 4

41-58

EN

For more than sixty years American grand strategy is based on the conviction that external environment is of fundamental importance for US core interests in security, prosperity and domestic liberty. There was the foundation for containment policy and after the cold war succeeding presidents on this conviction have based their deep engagement in world affairs. In XXI century as American supremacy has been steadily diminished, Washington is still ready to lead the world, but wants to share with partners the burdens of keeping it in order. The idea of partnership isn’t put into words explicitly. It emphasizes burden-sharing between US and the partners, sometimes is about the transfer of crisis-management capacity and it has sought to advance American leadership as well. European states – NATO and EU members – are seen as indispensable Washington’s allies, densely connected with the US through transatlantic partnership. Due to community of values and the convergence of strategic interests, and because of its own peculiarity EU is not and won’t be America’s strategic rival. After few years of diminished interest in old continent, when president B. Obama focused his attention on domestic policy and on problems in other world’s regions, since March 2014 he has decided to take the initiative in European affairs. Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine has serious consequences for Washington’s European and global strategy. In Europe there is increased request for US leadership. From American point of view it might come with expectations, that the allies will be eager to strengthen their cooperation with Washington in other regions, especially in Asia.

12

The Dilemma of Present Day: Guerrilla, Terrorist and Asymmetric Warfare

80%

Piątek J. J.

Reality of Politics

|

2014

|

issue 5

46-62

EN

In order to describe the environment surrounding us, so complex in terms of relations resulting from using violence, we easily employ terms such as ‘partisan’ or ‘militant’, just in order to define the very same ones as terrorists a while later. Probably the benchmark of contemporary description, especially of political action is the lack of clear-cut attitudes. Terrorism is nothing new, and this statement in itself is not very revealing. However, for many contemporary researchers of this issue, there is never too much information. Terrorism has always accompanied the history of oppressive regimes as well as resistance movements and uprisings. All the same, within the anti- colonial insurrectionary movements of the mid-20th century which led to the fall of European colonial empires over a short period of time, terrorism achieved new quality. It should also be emphasized that it achieved considerable political successes compared to the social-revolutionary terrorism of the late 19th century. The attribute ‘terrorist’ serves as an excluding one in different relations. By employing such term, one that their cause is an unconventional one – leastways as long as specific ways of using violence are applied. On the other hand, groups classified as terrorist ones often describe themselves as partisans who are fighting for the liberation of certain social or ethnic groups and who have to employ “unconventional” methods of using force because of the military superiority of the oppressive regime. By describing certain actions as ‘terrorist’ one usually intends on bereaving it of every sort of political legitimation. Is there any aspect that terrorism and guerrilla actions have in common? In certain socio-revolutionary or ethno-separatist strategies of violence, the concept of terrorism consists in the idea of a ‘starter’ which is to create the conditions to commence the guerrilla war. There could also be groups acting as partisans on one front line, and as terrorists on the other. The example is Al-Qaeda: in Central Asia its network operated only temporarily, as a kind of guerrilla, while in the global scale it employed terrorist strategy.

13

Some Comments on Vietnam’s Security in the 21st Century

80%

Kościelniak K.

Reality of Politics

|

2019

|

issue 10

71-78

EN

The main objective set by many countries is ensuring security. The means to accomplish this goal are the armed forces, obliged to guarantee safe functioning of the state and its citizens. There are states, for which maintaining a powerful, modern army has enormous significance for their superpower status, for their preparedness to a potential conflict or as a deterrent for the neighbouring states. Therefore, in the following text I will deal with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, because of its history, and especially due to the region where it is situated - one of the hottest places on Earth, full of misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts causing that the states situated there, including Vietnam, are modernising their armies.

14

Instytucja „służby specjalne” a rzeczywistość funkcjonowania państwa polskiego. Wybrane zagadnienia

80%

Grzegorowski Z.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

|

2011

|

vol. 8

45-64

EN

The article analyses the role of special forces in a democratic state. The author puts a special emphasis on the conditions that shape the new Polish democracy and aspects of ensuring national and international security within. Special forces in a democratic state are a tool in a state’s policies. Their operations are crucial not only as an institution meant to ensure national social and political order but also to counteract all interference of criminal groups in centres of political power on a local scale.

15

Charakterystyka współczesnego terroryzmu

80%

Antonów R.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

|

2015

|

vol. 37

|

issue 4

73 - 79

EN

Contemporary terrorism is one of the most serious threats to the world today. Since the second half of the 20th century it has evolved, adapting its aspirations, needs and capabilities to the scientific, technological and informational development of the world today as well as the geopolitical situation and specifi city. Thus contemporary terrorism is a dynamic process and rarely, or increasingly rarely, a state that remains unchanged. The essence of terrorism today lies the fact that it is commonly regarded as a threat not only to national security (security within one state) but, above all, to international security in view of the globalisation of terrorism. Contemporary terrorism has four basic features. First of all, it is inspired by religion. Secondly, the perpetrators do not reveal their identity, remaining in hiding and preparing new attacks. Thirdly, the actions of terrorists are much more deadly than ever before and, finally, terrorism is global. In addition, terrorism today is linked to actions focused on producing victims on a mass scale. This may suggest a development of genocidal terrorism which will be particularly evident in any future ethnic conflicts. A permanent characteristic feature of terrorism, including contemporary terrorism, is its objectives: to attract attention, generate publicity, justify its actions, win social consent and, finally, seize power. Preventing and combating contemporary terrorism requires not only the work of institution and agencies established for that purpose, but also responsible functioning of every individual in society. Thus creating security today requires collaboration of all people.

16

Wpływ egipskiej Arabskiej Wiosny na strategię bezpieczeństwa USA

80%

Milczanowski M.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2013

|

issue 3

35-51

EN

A relation between USA and Egypt are especially important in the scope of the security and stabilization process in Middle East and reflects on the whole world. According to the deep changes in many countries of Middle East and North Africa, started by the Arab Spring at the beginning of 2011, US policy had to transform, and have to be adjusted to the new circumstances and Egypt is particular important for the USA interests in the area. To achieve this, a deep analysis of the situation in Egypt is needed and also clear picture of the real stance of the main powers in this country. The situation when USA bases only on the support of the despotic rulers or just the leading parties is not acceptable for the future relations between USA and Egypt. If Americans wants to keep it’s influence on the Middle East, the new policy of dialogue, partner relations and respecting peoples will is have to be introduced.

17

WPŁYW POLSKIEGO KOMPONENTU AEGIS ASHORE NA RELACJE Z USA I NATO JAKO DETERMINANTA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO

80%

Murat-Bors A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2019

|

issue 2(17)

116-128 (13)

EN

The proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles combined with the growing threat from „rogue states” are the premises leading to the inevitable development of the missile defence strategy. The Aegis Ashore component based in Poland aims to protect American allies and resources in the European region from the growing rocket threat. The program, which was also included in the NATO Ballistic Missile Defence, is undoubtedly of great importance for international security. The article contains a presentation of the nature and purpose of the BMDS and presents the impact that the project has on Poland's relations with the United States and the NATO. It presents possible present and future implications for international security.

18

Rola Egiptu w systemie bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego w okresie sprawowania władzy przez Bractwo Muzułmańskie

80%

Milczanowski M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

|

2013

|

issue 4(26)

239-274

EN

Article presents the analysis of the Egyptian internal and international affairs after the presidential elections of 2012. Special focus was put on the internal changes effects on the international situation in the area of security and stabilization in the region. Social revolt which lead to the revolution in the January of 2011. Started by the young people, using internet for gathering for the demonstrations in order to try to keep control over the new rulers, was the first (beside the Tunesia) such movement in the Middle East, changing the politics of the regional powers as well as the key global powers in this region also. Very important for the new situation of Egypt in international affairs is the role of its Armed Forces and Secret Services. Both have great influences in every sphere of Egyptian life and possibility to change this country’s future. Changing of the internal situation in Egypt reflects on the many international factors such as in first row Arab‑Israeli conflict (and within it also Palestinian-Israeli conflict) and through this it impacts the peace in the region of Middle East and North Africa. Egypt during the rule of Muslim Brotherhood seemed to build an alliance with Turkey and Qatar which would make their stance much stronger in case of cooperation with USA or UE. If those countries will not fall into the extremism it is a occasion to build new kind of international relations in the region and much stronger system of international security.

19

Strategic Environment of East Asia in 2017–18 Analysis of Key Trends and Issues

80%

WIŚNIEWSKI R.

Przegląd Strategiczny

|

2018

|

issue 11

395-408

EN

The international security environment of East Asia is undergoing dynamic changes. This articleis another instalment in a series of analysis initiated by the “Strategic Review” in 2017. It deals with international security situation in various regions. The article’s main aim is to present the influence of selected international events of 2017’s second half and 2018s first half on the evolution of East Asia’s long term international security environment. In order to achievethis aim the author has posed two research questions: what long term trends have the strongest influence on international security environment of East Asia? and, do key events of 2017–18 increase or decrease stability of the regional security environment? Following research methods have been adopted to solve this research problem: the comparative method, legal-institutional analysis and forecasting method based on identification of key trends shaping the evolutionof the studied phenomenon. The main conclusions are twofold. First, the most important long term trends shaping the international security environment of East Asia are, on the one side, the growing bipolarity of the regional order (with US and PRC as main protagonists) and, on the other side, other player’s attempts to increase the degree of their own autonomy. The events of 2017–18 show that almost all regional powers act to limit the tensions. It doesn’t change thefact that long term trends point towards a growing confrontation of two contradictory visions of regional order – one championed by USA, and the other by PRC.

20

Proposals of new methods for theory and practice of the fight against terrorism

80%

Kwiatkowski A.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

|

2018

|

vol. 31(31)

119-134

EN

The study is an attempt to show the vision of solving complex international problems and threats related to terrorism. This attempt, although controversial, is a search for unconventional, not always acceptable methods of minimizing the terrorist threat.

Refine search results