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Діяльність освітніх закладів у таборі інтернованих вояків Армії УНР Каліш (1921-1924 рр.)

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Sribnyak I.

Facta Simonidis

2020

issue 13

143-162

The article considers the peculiarities of the activities of educational institutions in the camp of interned troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic Kalisz (Poland) in 1921-1924. Thanks to the assistance of the headquarters of the group of internees, literacy schools were established for illiterate Cossacks; the camp Gymnasium named after T. Shevchenko, thanks to which a significant number of campers were able to prepare for or continue secondary education. To a large extent, the three-year work of the Gymnasium (1921-1923) became possible thanks to significant humanitarian aid, provided by the American Charitable Organization YMCA, the Ukrainian Central Committee, Ukrainian Central Committee and individual philanthropists. The knowledge acquired by the internees facilitated their further adaptation to the new conditions of emigrant existence already on a civilian basis in Poland, as well as the process of their employment in other European countries.

Artykuł jest poświęcony badaniu specyfiki działalności placówek oświatowych w obozie internowanych oddziałów Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej Kalisz (Polska) w latach 1921-1924. Dzięki pomocy dowództwa grupy internowanych w oboze powstały szkoły czytania i pisania dla niepiśmiennych Kozaków; rozpoczął swoją pracę obozowe gimnazjum im T. Szewczenko, dzięki czemu dla znacznej liczby obozowiczów stało się możliwe przygotować się lub kontynuować naukę na poziomie średnim. W dużej mierze trzyletnia praca gimnazjum (1921–1923) stała się możliwa dzięki znacznej pomocy humanitarnej, dostarczonej przez Amerykańską Organizację Charytatywną YMCA, Ukraiński Komitet Centralny, organizacje pozarządowe i indywidualnych filantropów. Wiedza zdobyta przez internowanych ułatwiła ich dalsze dostosowanie do nowych warunków egzystencji emigranta już w Polsce na zasadach cywilnych, a także proces ich zatrudnienia w innych krajach europejskich.

The Process of Transition of the UPR Army Soldiers Interned in Poland to Civil Status and their Emigration to Czechoslovakia and France, the 1920s

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Sribnyak I., Yakovenko N., Matviyenko V.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

2022

vol. 39

issue 1

138-159

The article reveals the peculiarities of the Process of Transition of the UPR Army soldiers interned in Poland, to civil status and their departure to Czechoslovakia and France during the 1920s. Because of the numerical reduction of internment camps, Ukrainian combatants faced the need to adapt to living conditions in their civil status and further socialise. Most of the UPR Army junior officers were well aware of the need to continue their studies, and in particular to obtain higher education in European universities, which enabled them to have a certain status in their host countries. In an effort to prepare to enter the higher schools of European countries, this category of the former military united into camp student communities. During 1922–1923, many of their members managed to enter Polish universities or go to study in Czechoslovakia, which opened up prospects for acquiring new professions and thus finding their place in life, getting well-paid jobs. Some Ukrainian public and charitable organisations functioning in Poland and Czechoslovakia rendered them significant assistance. The process of the camps’ termination in Kalisz and Szczypiorno was quite long, which afforded Ukrainian veterans an opportunity to develop adaptation mechanisms and adapt to independent life as political emigrants in Poland. In the new environment, the former internees did not stop communicating among themselves, forming public and combatant organisations. At the same time, a significant part of the former internees did not see further prospects while staying in Poland and preferred to relocate themselves in other European countries. Meeting their wishes, the Ukrainian Central Committee in Poland took care of organising their departure to France, which was used by a large part of the former internees.

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1 Facta Simonidis

1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 2022

1 2020

2 Sribnyak I.

1 Matviyenko V.

1 Yakovenko N.

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Діяльність освітніх закладів у таборі інтернованих вояків Армії УНР Каліш (1921-1924 рр.)

The Process of Transition of the UPR Army Soldiers Interned in Poland to Civil Status and their Emigration to Czechoslovakia and France, the 1920s