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1

Zagadnienie starości w literaturze międzytestamentalnej

100%

Wróbel M. S.

Vox Patrum

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2011

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vol. 56

241-247

EN

In the present article the author describes the problem of an old age in the Jewish apocalyptic literature and in the Qumran texts. Old persons are presented in these texts like sages and teachers. The education given by them for children and grandchildren is based on moral and religious values. They call to observe God’s commandments and to avoid all acts which are against God and other persons. The respect and authority of the old persons described in the texts of intertestamental literature can take in consideration the biblical sources. In the Old Testament the elders of Israel are described as judges who decide about all important aspects of the life in Jewish community.

2

The Motif of the Angel(s) of Death in Islamic Foundational Sources as an Element of Cultural Diffusion

63%

Prochwicz-Studnicka B., Mrozek A.

Verbum Vitae

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2021

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vol. 39

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issue 4

1233-1261

EN

The article harks back to the publication entitled “The Motif of the Angel(s) of Death in Islamic Foundational Sources” (VV 38/2 [2020]), which was devoted to the analysis of the eponymous theme in the foundational sources of Islam: the Quran and the sunna of the Prophet Muhammad. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the motif of angel(s) may have been borrowed from two monotheistic traditions that came before. The verification of the thesis that the motif of the angel(s) of death underwent diffusion was carried out in several steps. First, the motif was identified in the textual traditions of Judaism and early Christianity (i.e. sets of texts that were known and, in all likelihood, widespread in the Middle East during the formative period of Islam). As a result of the analysis, most of the themes recognised in the foundational texts of Islam were found. The next step was to identify possible routes of their transmission and percolation into the Islamic tradition and to determine the “ideological demand” for the motif of the angel(s) of death in the burgeoning Islam. Although Jewish and Christian imagery and beliefs about angels are an important (if not the primary) source of influence on Muslim angelology, there was most likely a two-way interaction between the monotheistic traditions, albeit to a limited extent.

3

Transformacja kosmosu w literaturze międzytestamentalnej

63%

Parchem M.

Verbum Vitae

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2017

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vol. 31

149-168

EN

In the intertestamental literature, especially from various writings of an apocalyptic nature, a recurring motif emerges of the transformation of the universe as the final phase of eschatological events. In the last days, the world – being infected with sin and dominated by the powers of evil – will be renewed and transformed by God into a perfect reality wherein justice and goodness will prevail. In the present article, this notion of the transformation of the universe is explored and discussed. The idea appears in various documents of the intertestamental literature, namely, certain exegetical works such as The Book of Jubilees (Jub 1:29; 4:26) and Biblical Antiquities of Pseudo-Philo (LAB 3:10); the Qumran Rule of the Community (1QS 4:25); and several apocalypses: The Book of Heavenly Luminaries (1 Enoch 72:1), The Apocalypse of Weeks (1 Enoch 91:14-17), The Animal Apocalypse (1 Enoch 90:37-38), The Book of the Similitudes (1 Enoch 45:4-5), The Fourth Book of Ezra (4 Ezra 7:28-31, 75, 113-114), and The Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Bar 32:1-6; 57:1-3).

PL

W literaturze międzytestamentalnej, zwłaszcza w pismach o charakterze apokaliptycznym, pojawia się motyw transformacji kosmosu, który stanowi ostatni etap wydarzeń eschatologicznych. Świat skażony grzechem i zdominowany przez siły zła zostanie w czasach ostatecznych przemieniony i odnowiony przez Boga w rzeczywistość doskonałą, gdzie na wieki panować będzie sprawiedliwość i dobro. W niniejszym opracowaniu zostanie omówiona koncepcja transformacji kosmosu, która pojawia się w różnych dokumentach należących do literatury międzytestamentalnej, mianowicie w dziełach egzegetycznych, gdzie pojawiają się również elementy apokaliptyczne (Księga Jubileuszów: Jub 1,29; 4,26; Księdze starożytności biblijnych Pseudo-Filona: LAB 3,10), w zwojach z Qumran (Reguła zrzeszenia: 1QS 4,25) oraz w apokalipsach (Księga astronomiczna: 1 Hen 72,1; Apokalipsa tygodni: 1 Hen 91,14-17; Apokalipsa zwierząt: 1 Hen 90,37-38; Księga przypowieści: 1 Hen 45,4-5; Czwarta Księga Ezdrasza: 4 Ezd 7,28-31.75.113-114; Apokalipsa Barucha syryjska: 2 Bar 32,1-6; 57,1-3).

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Zagadnienie starości w literaturze międzytestamentalnej

The Motif of the Angel(s) of Death in Islamic Foundational Sources as an Element of Cultural Diffusion

Transformacja kosmosu w literaturze międzytestamentalnej