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EN
While it has generally been accepted that non-professional media actors empowered by novel digitally networked technologies are changing the media landscape in the West, this is less obvious in the case of sub-Saharan Africa. Recent years, however, have seen the emergence of a diverse range of citizen media in Africa, enabled by technologies such as mobile phones, blogs, micro blogs, video-sharing platforms and mapping. Through in-depth and focus-group interviews with selected experts and citizen journalism practitioners, as well as a review of the existing body of research, this study aims to identify emerging patterns and trends in African citizen journalism, paying particular attention to the Zimbabwean case. The research hopes to establish the notion that digital technologyenabled citizen journalism, although still restricted to a subset of African countries, provides a powerful counter-narrative to professional media that are often constrained, or even controlled, by national governments.
EN
The Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention in Prague is currently carrying out research focused on therapeutic treatment programs implemented in specialised departments for drug users in Czech prisons. Description of the specialised departments’ operation and particular implemented treatment programs forms an important part of the research. For this purpose, an analysis of official documents and statistical data from the Czech Prison Service was performed, and semi-structured interviews with staff working in specialised departments for drug users were conducted. The paper summarizes findings from this part of the research and offers an insight into the functioning of this key component of drug policy in the Czech prison system. Voluntary prison-based drug treatment is available in eight prisons in the Czech Republic. The overall capacity is almost 300 persons. Specialised departments for court-ordered treatment operate in three prisons; the capacity is approximately 130 persons. Interviews with 22 workers were conducted between November 2016 and January 2017. Special programs for drug users in prisons are perceived as a potentially promising tool in the prevention of recidivism. Programs are well established; however, there are some differences stemming from the form of treatment (voluntary/compulsory). Staff capacity, lack of out-of-prison activities, lack of program standardization, and lack of systematic evaluation are perceived as the main areas for improvement.
EN
This study deals with a reflexive sight on specifics of the oral history methods in the Czech public space and on the field of the new media instruments. It emphasizes the technological and conceptual transformations of the methods and how they are (not) interconnected to one another. The study is based on reflexive interviews with the chosen oral history agents in the Czech public space.
EN
The present study uses oral interviews with foreign language learners in search of influential factors in their language learning histories. The sample for the study was drawn from a larger sample of intermediate/advanced learners of English as a foreign language with a minimum of 10 years of exposure/instruction. The sample includes 6 early learners (range of starting age: 3.2-6.5) and 6 late learners (starting age: 11+). Half of them in each group were among those with the highest scores on two English language tests in the larger sample and half among those with the lowest scores on those same tests. A qualitative analysis of the interviews of these learners yields insights into their experience of foreign language learning and the role played in it by starting age and other significant factors, such as motivation and intensive contact with the language.
EN
In this article we explore and discuss the benefits of and the challenges that arise when using qualitative methods to conduct research internationally. We firstly discuss the relationship that writers of qualitative studies have with their readers and the implications of this for writing style. This is then followed by an overview of different aspects of data collection design. Within this section we discuss research that we have conducted, as part of a variety of international projects, using two qualitative approaches: systematic documentary research and interview. We then focus on using interview as a research method. This discussion regarding using interviews is divided into two chapters. Firstly, we discuss issues of access and sampling, then the interview itself and the analysis of interview data. The final sections involve a discussion of ways in which validity and reliability can be contextualised within qualitative studies, and also a discussion on generalisability and the possibility of theory generation. We conclude with sections on ethics and possible future directions for international qualitative studies into teacher education.
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Narrative gerontology: introducing the field

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EN
Narrative gerontology is a growing approach to understanding the experiences of later life. Narratives provide a type of raw material to gain an “insider’s perspective” on older age. The term “narrative” (coined in 1994) describes various types of stories that can range from a few sentences to a grand that covers a person’s lifetime. Depending on discipline (e.g, anthropology, medicine), narratives can be used in different ways (e.g., understanding perspectives within culture, understanding a patient’s perspective on an experience or condition). Key considerations regarding narrative gerontology include how best to elicit a story, the difference between big and small stories, analytical strategies, and issues of power, perspective and language. Overall, narrative gerontology isn’t limited to one single approach but instead encompasses many perspectives linked to putting experiences into words.
EN
The present study uses oral interviews with foreign language learners in search of influential factors in their language learning histories. The sample for the study was drawn from a larger sample of intermediate/advanced learners of English as a foreign language with a minimum of 10 years of exposure/instruction. The sample includes 6 early learners (range of starting age: 3.2-6.5) and 6 late learners (starting age: 11+). Half of them in each group were among those with the highest scores on two English language tests in the larger sample and half among those with the lowest scores on those same tests. A qualitative analysis of the interviews of these learners yields insights into their experience of foreign language learning and the role played in it by starting age and other significant factors, such as motivation and intensive contact with the language.
EN
Interviewing is a well-known method of qualitative data collection in applied linguistics research. It is widely used in diverse contexts and for a variety of purposes. Recently, the potential of e-mail interviewing, or e-interviews, has been discovered (e.g. James 2007, Bamptom, Cowton and Downs 2013). Consequently, it may be considered as an alternative to traditional face-to-face interviews. The purpose of the paper is to discuss some characteristics of the e-interview as a research tool in the realm of second language teacher education. For this purpose, the article draws on a study conducted among novice EFL teachers which integrated two important aspects of L2 teacher education, namely teacher beliefs and teacher reflection. The primary goal of the research was to encourage a group of teachers to reflect on and investigate their beliefs and experiences concerning autonomy in language teaching. Exploration and analysis of one’s personal theories, in turn, are seen as indispensable elements of teachers’ professional development. The study results are used to point out some benefits as well as limitations of e-mail interviewing in terms of gathering qualitative data. Most importantly, it was observed that using e-mail to carry out the interviews provided a considerable opportunity to draw on and develop teachers’ reflective thinking skills.
EN
Research involving prisoners is a vital source of information on crime but is often fraught with several challenges. This article presents an analysis of one of the first prison researches conducted in India with men convicted of rape. It examines and expands on the nuances of interacting with men convicted of rape and exploring a range of deeply personal questions with them. The research analysis attempts to highlight the impact of the researcher’s positionality on offender accounts by also discussing social proximity and gender. This article contributes to the broader discourse around conducting qualitative research in prisons.
EN
Existing research on women’s construction of professional identities and, more specifically, on leader identities in the workplace, has traditionally focused mainly on western contexts. This article aims to extend this focus by investigating the position of women in the workplace in India. We do this by discursively analyzing audio-taped semi-structured interviews with women who are working in the corporate sector in India. The aim of these analyses is to present a number of case studies about the unique challenges that women face at the workplace in the urban Indian context, especially when they take up leadership positions. The issues they grapple with are the collision of the traditional dominant discourses on appropriate female behavior and the new professional identities that these women wish to embrace. The paper discusses how these female professionals mainly construct two quite diverging identities: either as nurturing mentors or as aggressive professionals who are involved in activities traditionally viewed as “a man’s domain”. Conclusions are then drawn regarding how these professional identities acquiesce to, counter, or - as is the case in one interview - carefully mould, hegemonic discourses of femininity in India.
EN
It is a deep-seated belief that marriage plays an important role in contributing to happiness or success in life which is in this essay understood as the coexistence within the institutions of marriage and family. In an attempt to find a “recipe for marital happiness,” there have been expressed popular views that a successful life, a good husband or wife, just like in the lottery, depend on good luck and happy coincidence, and are independent of the knowledge and the will of the persons concerned. The concept of happiness encompasses subjective feelings, aspirations, expectations and experiences of an individual. To develop one’s own definition of happiness, one has to look more deeply into oneself. This idea became my main motivation to conduct research using biographical methods. This paper presents an analysis of the collected research material.
EN
Our aim is to introduce the oral history project of veteran MPs in Finland and to depict some aspects of our ongoing research. The Library of the Finnish Parliament has, since 1988, produced over 340 oral history interviews with veteran parliamentarians, politically active in the post-war era. The recently digitalised collection – approximately 2,000 hours of recorded theme interviews and 50,000 pages of transcriptions – sheds light on the changes and continuities in parliamentarians’ work and their views on society and political life since the 1940s. Parliamentarians, mandated by the people through elections, operate in the conjunction of democracy, where the will of the people is supposed to be refined into political decision-making. Parliamentarians’ thinking on politics and political life is also intriguing on the grounds that while the Members of Parliament work in the prime forum of national politics, a major share of the actual power may still lie somewhere else in society. Moreover, MPs’ views on their own work have rarely been explored, even though they are at the heart of politics. In this article, we ask what kind of benefit or disadvantage results from the fact that interviews are conducted, transcribed and archived by the same institution that ex-MPs have served during their political career. We also argue that oral history of the MPs should be approached not only in terms of elite oral history as a given category, but also by paying attention to the variation of MPs’ experiences as political representation. The concept of institutional remembering provides frames for understanding interviews as communicative events, where both parties are active agents in positioning themselves and the other. In this article, we show how the questions posed by the interviewers are also a substantial part of the data as they frame the concept of power in a negative or positive manner.
PL
Istnienie wielu metod i podejść badawczych z jednej strony pozwala na najbardziej racjonalny ich dobór w zależności od podmiotu i celu badania, z drugiej zaś – nieco komplikuje podjęcie decyzji w tym obszarze. Znajomość podstawowych zagadnień metodologii procesu badawczego oraz możliwości i ograniczeń poszczególnym metod i technik badawczych pozwala nie tylko na osiągnięcie celów badawczych, lecz także na zrealizowanie ich we właściwy i wiarygodny sposób. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie możliwości i ograniczeń stosowania różnego rodzaju metod badawczych w obszarze zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi w organizacjach na podstawie literatury przedmiotu. Ocenie poddane zostaną metody badawcze najpowszechniej stosowane w naukach o zarządzaniu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy treści dwóch czasopism „Personnel Review” i „Human Resources Management Journal” określone zostaną najpopularniejsze metody i techniki badawcze w odniesieniu do zarządzania pracownikami w ujęciu porównawczym w sektorze komercyjnym i publicznym.
EN
The existence of many methods and approaches allows their appropriate selection depending on the subject and purpose of the study. However, it makes it more difficult to take a decision. Basic knowledge of methodology of the research process and the possibilities and limitations of the various methods and techniques allows not only for achieving research objectives but also for their attainment in a proper and reliable way. The aim of this research is to determine the possibilities and limits of the use of different types of research methods in the field of human resource management in organizations. The study presents the used methods and techniques according to their reliability and shows limitations to the research process. The article presents the most popular research methods and techniques of human resources management in the commercial and public sectors on the basis of two journals – Personnel Management and Human Resources Management Journal.
PL
Waga subiektywnie konstruowanego znaczenia: Integracja widziana z perspektywy imigrantów
PL
Artykuł zawiera krótki opis metod komunikacji, takich jak: wywiady, zebrania, sesje Lessons Learned, moderacja, ankiety, skrzynki pomysłów. Główną częścią artykułu są wyniki badań nad wykorzystaniem metod komunikacji. Autor rozwiązał problem badawczy poprzez realizację trzech zadań: kalkulację procentu firm wykorzystujących daną metodę komunikacji, kalkulację procentu firm wykorzystujących daną metodę komunikacji z określoną częstotliwością w ciągu roku, zbadanie czynników decydujących o częstości wykorzystania metod komunikacji. Autor badając czynniki wykorzystania metod komunikacji uwzględnił liczbę pracowników organizacji, stanowisko respondenta, dział organizacji, w którym pracował etc.
EN
The article contains a short description of communication methods such as interviews, meetings, Lessons Learned sessions, moderation, surveys, ideas boxes . Research results about frequency of use of communication methods constitute the main part of the article. The author resolved the research problem through the realization of three tasks: the calculation of the percentage of companies using a given communication method, the calculation of the percentage of companies using given communication method with the certain frequency in the year, research of communication methods use factors. When researching communication methods use factors the Author took into account the number of employees in an organization, respondent’s position, department of organiza-tion he or she worked for etc.
EN
The problem around which this study was constructed is the contemporary art and a person, who creates this art – an artist, and their authentic perception by the child. A modern vision of the child too often shows the artist in a distorted, incomplete or reduced way. This kind of children knowledge, based on the patterns and stereotypes, reduces the reflectivity of children, unnecessarily distorts their judgment and closes the road ahead to a full and critical participation in the world. The study is based on the analysis of interviews and children’s drawings centered around the perception of the profile of an artist by children. It results from the analysis of the research material gathered during the study that this is a stereotypical vision, and the artist is still associated with a person who remains beyond the reach of “normal” society. The conducted research shows the diversity of the types of meanings that children aged 5–7 attribute to the term “artist” and “artistry”. The naive ideas on this subject created by children prove to be a collection of beliefs of a partially common and often completely different nature. For a pedagogue, the ultimate purpose of the research is to obtain knowledge which will allow effective changes in education, in this case, in art education. The investigation of meanings which children attribute to concepts concerning the artistic phenomena may allow to create a strategy of transmission of knowledge of art history and to design the creative activities connected with the broadly-understood visual arts.
EN
This paper was part of a multi-media project presented at the University of Gdańsk in September 2015. It examines the preliminary findings of interviews conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and over Skype in July and August of 2015. Eight participants—ranging in age, gender, religion, ethnicity, place of origin, and other profiling components—answered questions regarding past memories of childhood interrupted by the 1992-1995 war, how those memories affect personal identity and current views on the social, political, and economic conditions of BiH, and future outlook with particular attention focused on reconciliation. All names have been changed. For reference purposes, the list of abbreviations and bibliography is included at the end.
EN
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to explore the potential and usefulness of qualitative research in studying accountants’ behaviors, specifically utilizing individual semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. The paper also indicates challenges to overcome when conducting research using those research techniques. Methodology/approach: The article is based on an analysis of the literature on qualita-tive research in behavioral accounting, but also on the authors’ experiences of conducting qualitative interviews with members of this professional group. Findings: The advantages of qualitative interviews are pointed out, including an oppor-tunity to observe respondents’ reactions and obtain information related to their attitudes, motivations and needs. Potential challenges were identified relating to interviewing ac-countants, including those that arise from the researcher’s skills or participant selection process. The proposed areas where interviews could be particularly useful include profes-sional judgments of accountants, their ethical dilemmas, the application of new technolo-gies, or the impact of accounting systems on organizations. Practical implications: The paper encourages researchers to explore accounting behav-iors through qualitative interviews (direct implications), especially in the areas mentioned. It inspires them to seek other research topics using these techniques, which, in the long run, may help improve accountants’ qualifications and shape the identity of this profes-sional group (further implications). Originality/value: The article introduces researchers to the benefits and challenges of using qualitative interviews to study accounting behavior. It reveals the limited use of qualitative research in this field to date and points out areas where it may significantly enrich findings about how accountants function professionally.
PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest ukazanie potencjału i przydatności badań jakościowych w bada-niu zachowań księgowych, w szczególności z wykorzystaniem indywidualnych częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadów i wywiadów grupowych, oraz wskazanie pewnych wy-zwań, które należy pokonać, prowadząc badania przy użyciu tych technik badawczych. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Artykuł oparto na analizie literatury dotyczącej badań jakościowych w rachunkowości behawioralnej, ale także na doświadczeniu autorów w przepro-wadzaniu wywiadów jakościowych z przedstawicielami tej grupy zawodowej. Wyniki: Wskazano na zalety wywiadów jakościowych, które obejmują m.in. możliwość obserwacji reakcji respondentów oraz dotarcia do informacji związanych z ich postawami, motywacjami czy potrzebami. Zidentyfikowano potencjalne wyzwania odnoszące się do prowadzenia wywiadów z księgowymi, w tym te wynikające z umiejętności badacza czy procesu doboru uczestników. Wśród proponowanych obszarów, w których wywiady mogłyby być szczególnie przydatne, znalazły się m.in.: profesjonalny osąd księgowych, ich dylematy etyczne, zastosowanie nowych technologii czy wpływ systemów księgowych na organizacje. Praktyczne implikacje: Zachęcenie badaczy do eksplorowania zachowań księgowych za pomocą wywiadów jakościowych (bezpośrednie implikacje), szczególnie we wskazanych obszarach i zainspirowanie ich do poszukiwania innych tematów badań z zastosowaniem tych technik, co w dalszej perspektywie służyć może doskonaleniu kwalifikacji księgowych i budowaniu tożsamości tej grupy zawodowej (dalsze implikacje) Oryginalność/wartość: Przybliżenie badaczom zalet i wyzwań związanych z wykorzy-staniem wywiadów jakościowych do badania zachowań księgowych; ukazanie niewielkiego dotychczasowego wykorzystania badań jakościowych w tej dziedzinie i wskazanie obsza-rów, w których ich zastosowanie wiązać się może z istotnym wzbogaceniem ustaleń na temat funkcjonowania zawodowego księgowych.
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