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PL
The present article is meant to support the idea of the research methodological concept that underlies a diachronic approach to the study of the Polish language in the aim of providing appropriate methodological and practical tools for analyzing language change and the one that would include historical Polish language in the general study on the language. This, in turn, would create foundations for a better understanding of the linguistic phenomena occurring in more recent times. For the linguistic analyses, some sections of the archival municipal records of the city of Poznan have been selected: the inventories of Poznan’s burghers, whereas the longer passages have been excerpted from the local municipal records of the provincial court of justice, i.e., the records of civil litigation of the town’s board of aldermen. The source material, apart from being undoubtedly helpful in onomastic research, provides additionally an opportunity to learn more about the economic standing of the inhabitants, their professions and occupations and the related social standing. Thus obtained data make it possible to verify and, sometimes, reassess conclusions on thesocial stratification of the local townsfolk, the hierarchy in professions and, in addition, provide grounds for a reliable comparison of the degree and the growth rate in economic improvement between the burghers in Greater Poland and those of other towns and cities in Poland similar in size and importance. On the basis of the resulting lexical and semantic analyses one can conclude that townspeople from Greater Poland of the time were fairly well-off and enjoyed wealth in terms of having an abundance of material and worldly things. The contemporary measure of wealth was everyday consumer goods that featured household linen, table linen and clothing. Household items, such as kitchenware, tableware, bathroom accessories, goods for own use were also considered valuable. In addition, townspeople had also jewelry, real property or money, but these did not constitute any major determinant factors in determining a particular position in the hierarchy of social standing.
EN
The edition of antemortem documents i.e. last wills, registers, financial liabilities accompanying acts of the last will drafted by burghers of Vilnius in the first half of the 18th century was abandoned by researchers in the last decades of the 19th century. The failure to explore Vilnius sources results in our poor knowledge concerning this group of inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Among the documents presented here there are last wills of four Orthodox burghers from Vilnius: Gabriel Chilimonowicz, Jan Juchnowicz, Eustachy Krupski, Jan Kossobucki and Jan Burakiewicz- a member of the Uniate Church. The last will of J. Juhnowicz was accompanied by a register of movables, which gives a fuller picture of the testator’s wealth and constitutes a rare “set” of antemortem documents of Orthodox inhabitants of Vilnius in the first half of the 18th century. Jan Kossobucki’s last will was published including the confirmation of the bequest for the congregation of St. John the Evangelist, which operated in the Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius. Printed documents reveal family relations of burghers and last wills’ being drafted on the basis of the Magdeburg law. They provide information not only about the material status of testators in the city tormented by war, fires and plagues, but also show their attitude towards the threatening phenomena. Antemortem documents present Eastern Orthodox and Uniate burghers of Vilnius as attached to their religion and supporting it financially.
EN
Parish inventories are an important source of information about the organs. They were written during the visit of bishops or deans as well as made for clear command of diocesan supervisor. In 1927, 1928, „przemyskie 3 instrukcje” 1933 were published in the diocese of Przemyśl. The instruction of 1933 concerned the preparation of inventories. In the Archdiocese Archive in Przemyśl there are 58 inventories written in the years 1933-1945 according to this instruction. These instructions were described in this article and then on the basis of survived inventories, information about the organs was analysed. The information about the organ are in 49 inventories. Information about 50 instruments was obtained and they relate to their location, outward appearance, builders, date of building, size of the instruments, state of surviving and their value. The annexe contains the source extracts concerning the organs. Collected information, apart from details about the instruments, is an evidence of the way the organs were described their outward appearance, size, mechanisms or the state of surviving.
PL
Ważnym źródłem informacji o organach są inwentarze parafialne. Były one spisywane podczas wizytacji biskupich lub dziekańskich, jak też na wyraźne polecenie rządcy diecezji. W diecezji przemyskiej w latach 1927, 1928, 1933 zostały wydane „przemyskie 3 instrukcje”. Instrukcja z 1933 r. dotyczyła sporządzania inwentarzy. W Archidiecezjalnym Archiwum w Przemyślu znajduje się 58 inwentarzy napisanych w latach 1933-1945 według tej instrukcji. W artykule zostały omówione te instrukcje, a następnie na podstawie zachowanych inwentarzy przeanalizowano informacje o organach. Informacje o organach znajdują się w 49 inwentarzach. Uzyskano informacje o 50 instrumentach i odnoszą się one do ich lokalizacji, wyglądu zewnętrznego, budowniczych, czasu powstania, wielkości instrumentów, stanu zachowania i ich wartości. W aneksie zostały zamieszczone wypisy źródłowe dotyczące organów. Zebrane informacje są wyrazem sposobu opisywania organów, ich zewnętrznego wyglądu, wielkości, mechanizmów czy stanu zachowania.
XX
In the first part of the article the author examines the history of Jesuit and Benedictine buildings in Pułtusk from their construction till the present. The Church of SS. Apostles Peter and Paul was built by the Jesuits in 1688–1702, though work inside the church went on until 1718, when the church was consecrated. The furnishing of the church continued in 1720–1764. The Jesuit College was housed in buildings erected in the 1550s and 1560s. After the suppression of the Society in 1773 the church and the school were taken over by the Commission of National Education and then, in 1781, by the Benedictines, who had moved here from Płock. In 1803–1806 and 1816–1819 the Benedictines built a new monastery and school, and in 1827–1828 they carried out a thorough renovation of the church, which was considered at that time to be one of the most beautiful churches in the Diocese of Płock. After the dissolution of the Benedictine monastery in 1864, the church was given to the (collegiate) Parish of St. Matthew. In 1875 it was ravaged by a huge fire, in which most of the furnishings were burnt. The Second World War saw a destruction of the towers in the main facade. Since 2011 the Church of SS. Peter and Paul has been the parish church of St. John Paul II’s Parish. In the second part of the article the author presents the circumstances of the compilation of the inventories published in part three. The first inventory (no. 1) was compiled in 1781, when the former Jesuit church and monastery were being taken over by the Benedictines. A comparison between its entries and the inventory taken in 1775 during Bishop Krzysztof Szembek’s inspection reveals many missing items of movable property, especially those made of gold or silver, most of which must have enriched the treasuries of the Płock cathedral and the Pułtusk collegiate church. Another inventory taking came in late 1864 and early 1865 (nos 2–5) in connection with the dissolution of the Pułtusk monastery. The 1869 inventory (no. 6) was compiled when the monastery building was being taken over by a school. The last inventory (no. 7) was taken in 1882. It shows the Benedictines’ movable and immovable property during the dissolution and the scale of the damage wreaked by the 1875 fire. Only few items survived it.
EN
In Belarus, in an institutional sense, there are no parish archives as independent institutions that perform their functions of historical completing documents, their proper storage, use and access to researchers. This is due to many factors: the dissolution of monasteries and the closure of churches in the 19th century and the waves of nationalization of church property and persecution in the 20th century. Therefore, the discovery of a collection of documents in the church of the village of Michaliszki, which survived, though not entirely, despite historical socio-political events, can be treated as an exceptional event. In this article, an archive is understood as a collection of documents related to the history and activities of a church, parish and/or monastery and kept in the church. According to the pre-arranged ordering and inventory, the archive consists of 41 folders, most of them consisting of one document (e.g. record book or inventory). The article analyzes the evolution of the document composition of the archive, characterizes the groups of available documents and determines their information potential.  
PL
W znaczeniu instytucjonalnym na Białorusi nie istnieją archiwa parafialne jako niezależne instytucje pełniące funkcję gromadzenia historycznej dokumentacji, jej właściwego przechowywania i udostępnienia badaczom. Wynika to z wielu czynników: kasacji klasztorów i zamykania kościołów w XIX wieku, kilku fal nacjonalizacji majątku kościelnego i prześladowań w XX wieku. Dlatego odkrycie zbioru dokumentów w kościele we wsi Michaliszki, który mimo historycznych wydarzeń społeczno-politycznych przetrwał, choć nie w całości, można traktować jako wyjątkowe wydarzenie. W niniejszym artykule archiwum rozumiane jest jako zbiór dokumentów związanych z historią i działalnością kościoła, parafii i/lub klasztoru i przechowywanych w kościele. Zgodnie ze wstępnie wykonanym uporządkowaniem i stworzonym inwentarzem archiwum składa się z 41 teczek, w większości złożonych z jednego dokumentu (np. księgi metrykalnej lub inwentarza). W artykule dokonano analizy ewolucji składu dokumentacyjnego archiwum, scharakteryzowano grupy dostępnych dokumentów oraz określono ich potencjał informacyjny.
6
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O domu i bibliotece El Greca

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PL
Domenikos Theotokopoulos, powszechnie znany jako El Greco, od 1589 r. zamieszkiwał w pałacu markiza de Villeny, dokąd powrócił w 1604 r., by pozostać tam już do śmierci (1614). Przedmioty będące własnością malarza wymienione zostały w dwóch inwentarzach, spisanych przez jego syna, Jorge Manuela, w 1614 oraz 1621 r. W świetle tych przekazów archiwalnych zarówno wyposażenie domu greckiego malarza, jak i jego biblioteka prezentują się bardzo skromnie. Jednakowoż artysta wynajmował pałac umeblowany, dlatego też w inwentarzach odnotowano tylko i wyłącznie przedmioty będące własnością Theotokopoulosa. Nie wiemy, na ile szczegółowy był zapis inwentarza sporządzonego po śmierci artysty, biorąc pod uwagę, iż jego długi miały być wyrównane przez różnej klasy dobra pozostawione w jego domu. Z kolei w inwentarzu z 1621 r. pojawiają się nowe przedmioty, które mogły być nabyte już przez Jorge Manuela w czasie, gdy zajmował to samo mieszkanie wraz ze swoją pierwszą żoną. Z pomocą tych dwóch inwentarzy w dużej mierze udało się zrekonstruować pierwotną bibliotekę El Greca, a nawet odnaleźć kilka dzieł na marginesie opatrzonych przez artystę komentarzami dotyczącymi architektury i malarstwa. Intensywny rozwój intelektualny greckiego malarza, zapoczątkowany na Krecie, znalazł swe dopełnienie poprzez kontakt ze znakomitymi dziełami włoskich mistrzów, a także dzięki relacjom z włoską elitą intelektualną i lekturze bardzo zróżnicowanych prac, cieszących się wówczas dużą popularnością, dotyczących głównie teorii artystycznych i architektury. Zainteresowanie się tymi dziedzinami zainspirowało malarza do napisania niezachowanego traktatu o architekturze oraz do projektowania szeregu retabulów przeznaczonych na ekspozycję jego obrazów. Nic przeto dziwnego, iż w swej bibliotece El Greco posiadał kilka egzemplarzy traktatu Witruwiusza oraz prace Sebastiana Serlia, Andrei Palladia czy Jacopa Barozziego da Vignoli. Biblioteka Theotokopoulosa była starannie wyselekcjonowana pod kątem dzieł z humanistyki. Znajdowało się w niej dwadzieścia siedem książek w języku greckim, lecz dominowały tam prace pisane w języku włoskim, podczas gdy niemal nie występowały publikacje w języku łacińskim. Jeśli już zawierała dzieła kultury rzymskiej, pojawiały się one we włoskich tłumaczeniach. Także wydań w języku hiszpańskim było w porównaniu z włoskimi niewiele. Biblioteka El Greca, zawierająca dużą ilość książek humanistycznych, zwłaszcza po grecku i włosku, może świadczyć o jego szczególnych zainteresowaniach, a być może nawet o profilu jego wykształcenia. Niestety, po śmierci malarza i konfiskacie jego dóbr w 1622 r., w związku z niewywiązaniem się z zobowiązań wobec Hospital Tavera w Toledo, biblioteka El Greca przepadła bezpowrotnie.
EN
Domenikos Theotokopoulos known as El Greco up until 1589 lived in the palace of Marquis de Villeny, where he returned in 1604 and stayed there until his death (1614). The items owned by the painter were listed in two inventories composed by his son Jorge Manuel in 1614 and 1621. In the light of those sources both the equipment of the painters’ house and his library appear very modest. The library of Theotokopoulos was carefully selected paying special attention on the humanistic works. There were twenty seven books in Greek; the majority of the library included works written in Italian while the Latin books were few indeed, except some Italian translations of some works of the ancient Roman culture. Also the Spanish editions were not much in comparison with the Italian ones. His library can testify to his special interests in humanism; perhaps it shows also the profile of his education. Unfortunately after his death and after the confiscation of his goods in 1622 the library was irretrievably lost.
EN
The article examines an inventory of monastic records kept in the Archdiocesan Archives in Gniezno. It covers archive documents from the Monastic Records section as well as archival units spread across various fonds in the archives. The Monastic Records section was established in the 1970s following a separation of monastic records from the Archives of the Metropolitan Chapter fonds. The section also encompasses archive documents from the Monastery of the Norbertine Sisters in Strzelno, which were transferred from Strzelno to Gniezno on Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s orders in 1961. The remaining part of the inventory is made up primarily of records from the period of dissolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries kept in the Archives of the Metropolitan Chapter fonds as well as records of the various parishes. The whole collection of archive documents is very rich and varied in terms of its contents, and concerns religious orders established in the Archdiocese of Gniezno before the 1850s.
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