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Theoretical and Practical Aspects of a Situational Approach as an Integrative Criminalistics Technology of Discovering, Analysing, and Eliminating Investigative Errors

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Kramarenko V.

Internal Security

2012

vol. 4(1)

111-124

Various sciences have been employed to disclose and study the process of committing a crime and criminalistics is one of them. A situational approach which is being introduced into criminalistics technique, tactics and methods creates a necessary balance both for even development of all parts of criminalistics and for a complex approach in solving particular tasks. A situational approach appears to be one of the vital, substantially new technological means which science can offer to practice for improving the quality and efficiency of the crime fighting process. The essence of a situational approach consists in analysing a cognizable event or environment from the point of view of the situations constituting it. In a mental model created from the situation all that is unimportant is cut off, and subsequently any new unknown situation can be brought to a typical one which has already got a solution algorithm. And as typical situations are usually followed by typical decisions which lead to errors then erroneous decisions can also be typified. So, the author suggests various criteria for investigative error classification which includes cognitive, criminal procedural, tactical, psychological, organisational, technical and material. A situational approach is considered an investigative criminalistic technology which allows investigative errors to be discovered, to analyse and eliminate them as well as to provide recommendations on avoiding them in investigative activities.

Errors that Occur During the Preliminary Investigation: the Essence, Nature and Types

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Kramarienko V.

Internal Security

2011

vol. 3(1)

209-221

In this article the author analyzes the definition and the nature of investigative errors. Complexity of a preliminary criminal investigation demands quite a high level of professionalism and experience from the investigator and, on the other hand, may lead to both impair of the investigation efficiency as a whole and to the unfitness for court trial. The special scientific literature shows the historic development of different approaches to the definition of an investigative error most essential of which are scrutinized, and the importance of evolving a unified definition is recognized. Summarizing advantages and disadvantages of functioning definitions the author suggests one of his own basing it on the situational approach which he considers the most effective way to implement the theoretical knowledge about the investigative error as well as recommendation to avoid them into practice. The dynamic nature of investigative situations and the subjective and objective conditions are also taken into consideration as factors influencing the errors. A unified definition helps analyzing the existing types of errors and, as a result, suggesting the basis for a unified classification of them. The author used the historical and comparative analysis, situational approach and simulation as well as the structural approach while preparing the material.

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2 Internal Security

1 2012

1 2011

1 Kramarenko V.

1 Kramarienko V.

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Theoretical and Practical Aspects of a Situational Approach as an Integrative Criminalistics Technology of Discovering, Analysing, and Eliminating Investigative Errors

Errors that Occur During the Preliminary Investigation: the Essence, Nature and Types