This paper presents a case study from Hungary about the “Nagykunságért” LEADER Local Action Group, which demonstrates the limits of an actor’s involvement in local rural development. Project participation in this region depends on the financial and managerial capacity of participants. Actors with capacity are involved with the project as a matter of course, but those without capacity are crowded out and lack access to resources. Actors in rural development are characterised by their ability to disseminate diverse kinds of information and use of knowledge. Inclusion, exclusion, and the power of local oligarchies are main concepts in this paper, which studies LEADER as a tool which may be used either for democracy or against local democratic control over the distribution of development funds.
Based on a qualitative research with parents and primary school (6–10) female teachers, this text is an empirical study endeavouring to disclose the forms of interaction and communication between the family and the school. The group of parents representing the economic status of the middle-class, who are perceived by female teachers as good and cooperative parents, is specifically focused on. Described is their strategy of silent partnership which typically makes parents conform to teachers’ expectations in order to achieve their own objectives.
In previous research, studies on motivated correction in the evaluation of branded products are rare. This experimental study with 246 participants examined how the motivation to correct the impact of brand knowledge influences the product evaluation of actual strong and weak brands in low and high involvement situations. As predicted, asymmetry between the strong and weak brands was observed. After the induction of the motivation to correction, the smaller brand effect occurred only in the cases of low involvement and the weak (negative) brand. The effect of motivated correction was smaller than the effect of high involvement; therefore, the overall results suggest that conscious explicit motivation to correction evokes correction only in cases of weak brands under certain circumstances. However, this impact is not as strong as the influence of high motivation or a strong brand, even though explicit instructions are given to avoid the negative influence of the brand.
The study reflects on the changes in the attitude of Czech writers towards politics and social events after 1989. Primary renunciation of mutual attachments and overlaps between literature and social life represented namely by Jiří Kratochvil was gradually replaced by a situation typical for the history of the Czech literature in which literary works usually presented an active reflection on political and social events. The process of escaping the “trap of aestheticism” was accompanied by an intense and long-standing dispute on the issue of politically and socially committed literature. In the paper, Milan Kozelka is considered the most noticeable critic of contemporary political events in Czech society.
Empowerment is one of key management methods in contemporary organizations. The implementation of this method, however, is connected with creation of appropriate organizational conditions. In this article the characteristics of classical function-oriented organizations and contemporary process-oriented ones were presented, then the possibilities of applying empowerment in these organizations were analyzed. Barriers, costs and benefits of empowering employees were identified. The implementation of empowerment proves high competencies of an organization as well as it contributes to their development. Special attention was paid to the speed of making decisions and flexibility of acting and reacting to changing expectations of external and internal customers.
Emerging markets bring out the question of motivation to include of new investors in the market for financial securities often arises. The purpose of this study is to analyze how brands influence the investment intention of young potential investors. Specifically, the relationship between consumer based brand equity - according to Aaker’s multidimensional conceptualization - and investment intention, mediated by perceived risk, is analyzed. The study contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) based on the revision made, no study has analyzed Aaker’s brand equity construct in investment decisions; (2) studies linking brand aspects to investment decisions have not examined the mediating role of perceived risk. Through an experiment, where perceived risk and investment intention in a famous brand were measured as differences from fictitious brands, the following results were found: (1) the investment intention in a famous brand is higher than in a non-famous one, once controlled for risk and return; (2) the higher the brand equity, the lesser the perceived risk of investing in the famous brand, and the higher the investment intention; (3) the perceived quality of a brand’s products was the dimension by which the effect of brand equity is transmitted. Involvement with the investment task and cognitive ability, at an individual level, the relative size of comparable firms, and the risk and return of investment alternatives were introduced as control variables.
: Nowe koncepcje zarządzania takie jak Zarządzanie Kapitałem Ludzkim czy Total Rewards wskazują na konieczność kompleksowego oddziaływania motywacyjnego ujmującego zarowno finansowe jak i pozafinansowe czynniki motywacyjne. Pracodawcy, ktorzy rozumieją te wyzwania stwarzają pracownikom możliwości szeroko pojętej partycypacji, co w dalszej mierze przekłada się na wysokie zaangażowanie pracownikow. Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie istoty zaangażowania pracowniczego oraz jego głownych determinantow, ze szczegolnym wskazaniem na wolontariat pracowniczy. Na bazie literatury przedmiotu i analizy przypadku wybranej organizacji, wskazane zostaną najważniejsze działania stosowane przez dzisiejsze organizacje, ktore pozytywnie oddziałują na poszczegolne rodzaje zaangażowania pracownikow. Artykuł pozwoli nie tylko na uzupełnienie występującej luki literaturowej, ale rownież na uporządkowanie wiedzy z tego zakresu.
EN
New management concepts such as Human Capital Management or Total Rewards point to the need for a comprehensive motivational impact capturing both financial and non-financial incentives. Employers who understand those challenges create opportunities for employees in broadly understood employee participation, which as a result translates into high employee engagement. The purpose of the article is to explain the essence of engagement with its main determinants, with par- 1) Mgr, Wydział Zarządzania, AGH Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie. 80 Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii i Informatyki w Krakowie ticular reference to employee volunteering. Based on the subject literature and the case study of the chosen organization, the most important activities applied by today’s organizations will be indicated, which has a positive impact on individual aspects of employee involvement. The article will not only allow to supplement the existing literature gap, will also organize the knowledge in this aspect.
Crowdfunding appears to be an innovative way of fundraising various projects. Although it is a relatively new and unique way of financing, competition for potential backers increases every year. While recent works have explored the role of engagement and involvement in crowdfunding, there is still a lack of understanding of how creators can stimulate backers’ activity. Therefore the aim of this paper is to identify and classify the methods used for crowdfunding by the top creators to boost and maintain backer engagement. Drawing from the Theoretical Model of Customer Engagement and Theory of Intrinsically Motivating Instruction, we propose a theoretical model that is backer engagement-based. It presents the unique role of involvement and participation in engagement and its interrelationship with value and community involvement. We investigate the top 30 most funded campaigns on Kickstarter in the tabletop games category. Based on our cross-case study, we identify and categorise tactics that create engagement-friendly environments. Our findings suggest that over time creators tend to focus on shorter but more dynamic campaigns with the higher engagement of backers. The creators of the best campaigns use similar tactics that affect both engagement and involvement. The important but often ignored factor that influences engagement is social interaction.
An airsoft gun (ASG) is a faithful replica of a firearm, as well as, a team game based on the reconstruction of war and the struggle involving the replicas of such weapons. The aim of this study was to determine the conditions of involvement in outdoor recreational airsoft games. The main research problem was the following question: what determines the level of involvement of the airsoft players? The hypothesis formulated in the research process was that an important motive for participation and involvement in the airsoft game is the desire to act like a berserk. The result of the survey conducted on a sample of 100 ASG players stated that the level of their involvement in airsoft is relatively high and, for most of them, it is the most important form of recreational activity. Players mostly participate in individually organized games on a small scale and prefer meeting places that are less frequented and happen to be ruins of buildings. The main motives of the players are: the desire to be with friends, an escape from everyday life, and the desire to experience the survival of the fittest. The results have forced the authors to reject their hypothesis as the motives associated with a sense of the nearness of death received the lowest rank, and did not show a connection with an involvement in airsoft.
Contemporary culture offers and constantly enriches many models of life, values, and consumption incentives. Pedagogy is also pluralistic today, rich in currents and trends. Teachers, including academics, face the unavoidable and constant choice between getting involved in the work with students and detachment and autonomy, or rather encouraging young people to choose their own identity and orientation, because all choices are equal. It is necessary to seek a common minimum of formal and material goals of upbringing. One of such formal purposes is that of independent judgment, i.e. the autonomy and the ability to think critically. Human is inseparable from the material; there is a dispute, however, about the components of this category. Recognition of the equality of all cultural discourses leads to nihilism with all its consequences.
Engagement and volunteerism are important issues in the area of Human Resource Management. Organized in Krakow in 2016, World Youth Days (WYD) exposed many phenomena related to these areas, creating an interesting research fi eld. This paper identifi es and explains the terminology and concepts existing in the literature that concern engagement and characterizes the volunteering issue in the context of Polish social reality. The article also contains selected fi ndings of a survey conducted among World Youth Days volunteers. Based on it, this paper shows the characteristics of selected relationships and the social and demographic conditions of volunteerism in that specifi c research perspective. Research has shown that, within the volunteers’ groups, it is possible to use professional and modern management methods. Our fi ndings lead to a set of suggestions for team leaders that have the potential of creating a higher level of engagement among participants and may enable better organizational management.
The article presents experiments exploring the memory misinformation effect. Subjects heard a recording and afterwards read a description of it, which included, in the misled group, some details inconsistent with the recording; finally thay answered questions about the recording. The aim of the research was to replicate the tainted truth effect, consisting in poor memory functioning of non-misled warned subjects and to check whether a subject’s involvement in the issue moderates this effect. Highly involved subjects were more resistant to the misinformation effect than those lowly involved. In the case of highly involved participants, warning was effective in reducing the misinformation effect, but it also caused more errors in the case of non-misled subjects. Thus, warning witnesses about nonexising discrepancies between what they saw/heard and what they were told, might lead to less accurate testimony.
Philosophers have long thought that what differentiates humans from mere animals is that humans are essentially rational. The rational nature of human beings lies in their ability to detach themselves from ongoing involvement and to ask for as well as give reasons for activity. According to the philosophical tradition, human action and perception generally should be understood in light of this ability. This essay examines a contemporary version of this conviction, one promulgated by John McDowell. McDowell follows the tradition in suggesting that people are always able to step back and to ask as well as answer why questions about what they are doing, i.e., they always have reasons for their actions. This essay shows that people have no reasons for many of the things they do. They often, instead, simply respond to shifting situational fields of attraction and repulsion. These attractions and repulsions cannot be captured in propositional form-any attempt to describe, or even just name, them turns them into objects and robs them of their motivational force. The demands of the situation are not available as reasons, but exist only as embodied in actions. McDowell, consequently, errs in claiming that conceptual capacities are inextricably implicated in human activity. Nor is the detached, rational way of being any more essential to human life than is involved coping.
This work aims at exploring the influence of selected factors that have received little attention in the past on ecotourism destination loyalty within the context of a developing country. The factors are destination image, familiarity, information search behaviour, involvement and travel motivation. The research was conducted on ecotourists visiting Malaysia who were approached on site and assisted to complete the survey instrument. The sample size was 813, representing a response rate of 47%. Hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Model. It was found that while there are no linear relationships between the tested variables and destination loyalty, there are findings from the study that offer some managerial implications towards the industry.
In the article the author describes theoretical reasons that stood behind Kołakowski's transition from being an orthodox Marxist to become an actual leader of the polish revisionist movement. His intention is to concentrate on those aspects of Kołakowski's thought that have not changed, apart from any biographical and psychological reasons. (1) First of those features is Kołakowski's inability of completability, the anti-code disposition. (2) The second trait is the moral attitude, an intention to influence on people's morality by convincing them that social and internal (necessarily bound with social) changes are desirable; that an existential calm demolishes morality. (3) Third feature concerns the fact that Kołakowski did not attempt to create his own philosophy, he was rather a historian of ideas, a skeptic, and a critic
PL
W artykule zestawione zostają dwa pierwsze etapy twórczości Leszka Kołakowskiego: marksistowski oraz rewizjonistyczny. Wychodząc naprzeciw pracom, które dotychczas poruszały tę problematykę, autor skupia się na tych przekonaniach polskiego myśliciela, które pozostały niezmienne dla każdego z obu okresów, więcej nawet – które wydały się leżeć u podstaw porzucenia przezeń marksistowskiej dogmatyki. Są to kolejno: (1) systemowa niezakończoność filozofii, jej antykodeksowe nastawienie; (2) potrzeba zaangażowania, związana z pomysłem, że do podstawowych zadań filozofii należy wpływanie na postawy moralne oraz ich odpowiednie kształtowanie; (3) antytetyczność podejścia Kołakowskiego, znajdująca istotny wyraz w przyjmowaniu pozycji błazna, a także konsekwentne nastawienie na negację zastanych propozycji światopoglądowych (tak tradycyjnych jak współczesnych polskiemu myślicielowi).
The reviewed book by Anna Filipowicz entitled (Prze)zwierzęcenia. Poetyckie drogi do postantropocentryzmu is one of the key dissertations analyzing human and animal relations as exemplified by Polish poetry of the 20th and 21st century. The author is innovative in her interpretation of poems by poets considered to be canonical (Anna Świrszczyńska, Tadeusz Różewicz, Marcin Świetlicki, Ryszard Krynicki, Tomasz Różycki, Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz and Julian Tuwim), using her knowledge of ethology and natural science. The greatest strength of the dissertation, in the opinion of the reviewer, is the micrological analysis of individual works, enhancing the importance of the detail, due to which the reader receives a compendium of major problems connected with animal emancipation in two time planes (during the Warsaw Uprising and in contemporary times). Filipowicz calls for rejecting stereotypes which so far have enhanced species chauvinism and hierarchical structure in accidental encounters (the case of animals living in zoos and non-urbanized areas) as well as developing interspecies sensitivity. Its manifestations could include, for instance, concern about noticing individual biographies of animals during armed conflicts or preventing the destruction of biotopes. Filipowicz’s work is not only an example of skillful application of methodology bordering on environmental humanities, animal studies and affective studies, but also an important voice in the debate on constructing environmental order and the place/role of animals in human life.
PL
Recenzowana książka Anny Filipowicz (Prze)zwierzęcenia. Poetyckie drogi do postantropocentryzmu jest jedną z kluczowych rozpraw badających związki ludzko-zwierzęce na materiale poezji polskiej XX i XXI wieku. Autorka w sposób innowacyjny odczytuje wiersze poetów uznanych za kanoniczych (Anny Świrszczyńskiej, Tadeusza Różewicza, Marcina Świetlickiego, Ryszarda Krynickiego, Tomasza Różyckiego, Jarosława Marka Rymkiewicza i Juliana Tuwima), wykorzystując wiedzę etologiczną i przyrodoznawczą. Największym atutem rozprawy, zdaniem recenzenta, jest mikrologiczna analiza poszczególnych utworów, dowartościowująca szczegół, dzięki czemu czytelnik otrzymuje kompendium podstawowych problemów związanych z emancypacją zwierząt w dwóch planach czasowych (podczas powstania warszawskiego i w czasach współczesnych). Filipowicz postuluje odrzucenie stereotypów, które do tej pory wzmacniały szowinizm gatunkowy i hierarchiczność w ramach akcydentalnych spotkań (casus zwierząt zamieszkujących ogrody zoologiczne i przestrzenie niezurbanizowane) i wypracowanie wrażliwości międzygatunkowej. Jej przejawami mogłyby być m.in. troska o dostrzeżenie indywidualnych biografii zwierząt w trakcie konfliktów zbrojnych lub zapobieganie niszczeniu biotopów. Rozprawa Filipowicz jest nie tylko przykładem zręcznego aplikowania metodologii z pogranicza humanistyki ekologicznej, animal studies, affective studies, lecz również ważnym głosem w debacie o budowaniu ładu ekologicznego i miejscu/roli zwierząt w życiu człowieka.
Celem opracowania jest wykazanie wpływu zaangażowania pracowniczego na rozwój organizacji. W artykule wyjaśniono różnice znaczeniowe między poszczególnymi wymiarami zaangażowania. Przedstawiono także uwarunkowania organizacyjne, mające wpływ na poziom zaangażowania pracowniczego w miejscu pracy. W ostatniej części opracowania zaprezentowano wyniki najnowszych badań, wykazujących wpływ zaangażowania na rozwój organizacji.
EN
Employee engagement is one of the key factors, improving organizational performance. Research findings show, that companies with high level of employee engagement perform much better than companies where employees are not engaged. It suggests therefore, that management has to focus on creating corporate conditions and climate improving engagement of the employees. The aim of this paper to present how employee engagement influence business performance. The first section of the paper explains the meaning of employee engagement. The second section relates to measurement and determinants of engagement. Research results showing the impact of employee engagement on performance were presented in the last section.
Edukacja STEM, patrząc z perspektywy wymagań współczesnego świata, stanowi istotne wyzwanie, związane z uczeniem zarówno osób, których ścieżki zawodowe związane będą ze STEM-em, jak i tych, które będą korzystały z wiedzy w tym obszarze „nieprofesjonalnie”, wyłącznie do rozwiązywania problemów życia codziennego. Nauczyciele i wychowawcy stają przed trudnym zadaniem związanym z wzbudzeniem zainteresowania uczących się systemem STEM, rozwijaniem rozumienia pojęć i procesów naukowych oraz wzmacnianiem zaangażowania w aktywność naukową. Istotnym narzędziem dostępnym dla edukatorów w realizacji tego zadania stają się narracje: wzbudzające poprzez atrakcyjną formę przekazu zainteresowanie, np. postaciami wybitnych naukowców czy genialnych odkryć; wprowadzające w sposób oszczędzający zasoby poznawcze zarówno w obszar podstawowej, jak i zaawansowanej wiedzy naukowej; wzmacniające zaangażowanie poprzez zaproszenie dziecka do aktywnego uczestniczenia w odkrywaniu nie tylko praw, ale i znaczenia, w tym także osobistego, nauki. Co również istotne, narracje mogą stać się użytecznym narzędziem budującym pozytywny obraz nauki jako świata dostępnego dla wszystkich, bez względu na płeć, wiek czy środowisko pochodzenia. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie jedynie kilku obszarów możliwych zastosowań narracji w edukacji STEM oraz zachęta do korzystania z różnorodnych materiałów narracyjnych w edukacji w tym obszarze, na różnych etapach kształcenia.
EN
Looking from the perspective of the requirements of the modern world, STEM education is a significant challenge related to teaching both people whose professional paths will be associated with STEM and those who will use knowledge in this area “unprofessionally” – only to solve everyday problems. Teachers and educators face a difficult challenge related to arousing the interest of learners in the subject of STEM, developing understanding of scientific concepts and processes, and strengthening the involvement in scientific activity. Narratives are becoming an important tool available to educators in the implementation of this task. They can arouse the students’ interest through an attractive form of presentation of, e.g. the figures of outstanding scientists or brilliant discoveries. Such forms of presentation can introduce both basic and advanced scientific knowledge, and, at the same time, save cognitive resources, strengthening the children’s involvement by making them actively participate in discovering not only the scientific laws, but also the meaning (including the personal one) of science. It is also important that narratives can become a useful tool for building the positive image of science as a world accessible to everyone, regardless of gender, age or origins. The purpose of this article is to indicate only a few areas of possible applications of narratives in STEM education, and to encourage the use of various narrative materials in education in this area at various stages of education.
The aim of the article is to describe the integration of the activity of an academic teacher and pedagogy students/future teachers. The reference point for the analysis is engaged didactics, which is based on the integration of the cognitive/intellectual and axiological spheres with personality and developmental change from the perspective of subjectivity and autonomy of creativity within academic education, especially of students in terms of integration.In engaged didactics, the key concept is commitment, which is understood as a certain type of research discourse practice that primarily takes into account the emancipatory needs of specific groups of people. Researchers participating in this discourse engage themselves in projects aimed at social change, and not only at improvement of the position of the disadvantaged. On the other hand, the essence and boundary conditions of this practice is the sense of subjectivity of both the researchers and participants of social situations who voluntarily and with a sense of satisfaction participate in this type of activity.“Engaged didactics” is defined as a group of subjective didactic activities of an academic teacher and students that consists of developmental changes built on interpersonal communication, mutual trust, and service which trigger creative activity. The basis of these activities is the integration of knowledge acquired by the student, focused on the integral development of the person individually and socially. The perspective of the academic teacher and students is the integral development of the student as the primary goal of the school and the optimization of the conditions for its implementation.
PL
Celem przedstawionego opracowania jest ukazanie specyfiki integracji aktywności nauczyciela akademickiego i studentów pedagogiki/przyszłych nauczycieli. Punktem odniesienia przedstawionych analiz jest dydaktyka zaangażowana, u podstaw której znajdują się integracja sfery poznawczej/intelektualnej i aksjologicznej z osobowościową, zmiana prorozwojowa w perspektywie podmiotowości, autonomii twórczości podmiotów kształcenia akademickiego, zwłaszcza studentów w perspektywie integracji.W dydaktyce zaangażowanej kluczowym pojęciem jest zaangażowanie, które jest rozumiane jako pewien typ praktyki dyskursu badawczego uwzględniającego przede wszystkim potrzeby emancypacyjne konkretnych grup osób. Badacze uczestniczący w tym dyskursie angażują się w projekty, których celem jest zmiana społeczna, a nie tylko poprawa położenia defaworyzowanych podmiotów. Natomiast istotą i warunkami brzegowymi tej praktyki jest poczucie podmiotowości zarówno samych badaczy, jak i uczestników sytuacji społecznych, którzy w sposób dobrowolny i z poczuciem satysfakcji uczestniczą w tego rodzaju działaniach.,,Dydaktyka zaangażowana” określana jest jako typ podmiotowych działań dydaktycznych nauczyciela akademickiego i studentów, o charakterze zmian prorozwojowych budowanych dzięki komunikacji interpersonalnej, wzajemnemu zaufaniu, służbie, wyzwalających twórczą aktywność. Podstawę tych działań stanowi integracja zdobywanej przez studenta wiedzy, orientowana na integralny rozwój osoby w jej wymiarze jednostkowym i społecznym. Perspektywą działań nauczyciela akademickiego i studentów jest integralny rozwój ucznia jako nadrzędnego celu szkoły i optymalizacja warunków jego realizacji.
Representation of employee interests is addressed, as reflected in the modern human resource management concepts. By attending to the need of respecting employee interests, companies may greatly increase their chances of reaching company business objectives and increase their effectiveness, as a result of improved employee involvement. Direct and indirect expressions of this aspect in modern HRM concepts are discussed. Specifics of local approaches to the realization of employee interests are discussed, based on empirical studies of more than 200 companies operating in the Lower Silesia region of Poland. Based on the study results, the authors demonstrate that the practice of management in the area under study is only in part consistent with the model representations of human resource management, as recommended in professional literature.
PL
W opracowaniu podjęto próbę spojrzenia na ekspozycję kategorii interesów pracowniczych we współczesnych koncepcjach zarządzania ludźmi. Dbałość o respektowanie tych interesów sprzyja realizacji celów przedsiębiorstwa i efektywności osiąganej w wyniku wzrostu zaangażowania zatrudnionych, co pośrednio bądź bezpośrednio zaznacza się w tych koncepcjach. Na tym tle zwrócono uwagę na podejście do realizacji interesów pracowniczych w ponad dwustu przedsiębiorstwach zlokalizowanych na terenie Dolnego Śląska. Na podstawie badań empirycznych wykazano, że praktyka w omawianym zakresie jedynie częściowo nawiązuje do prezentowanych w literaturze przedmiotu, modelowych ujęć zarządzania ludźmi.
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