Search results

1

POLITICAL PARANOIA - A RULE OR A CHANCE?

100%

Kasińska-Metryka A., Miernik R.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2013

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vol. 42

139-150

EN

Politics is a particular field of social activity where accusing an opponent of mental incapacitation occurs as a frequent element of the conducted narrative. Moreover, public opinion discrediting a profession of a politician is very eager to question the mental health of political actors. Vocabulary used in the public is a vital testimony of societies attitude towards people with mental disorders. However, we refer paranoia to personality traits of individuals while political paranoia refers to reaction to events, facts or to the way it is seen by individuals or groups. The authors do not have any ambition to carry out a psychological analysis of politicians. What is intriguing is the issue of using political paranoia (searching for enemies, tracking plots, fighting in defence of ideals, irrational justification of failures) in the group spectrum for elections. What is also intriguing is the answer to the question whether politicians are paranoid, or it is a well-planned election strategy which aims to identify an opponent to consolidate a group of voters around the leader.

2

Reakcja inwestorów giełdy hiszpańskiej na zamknięcie granic. Weryfikacja za pomocą metodyki analizy zdarzeń

88%

Ulmann K., Roszkowski F.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 32

83-96

EN

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of the article is to examine the significance of the reaction of stock exchange investors in that country to the publication of information about the reintroduction of border controls in order to limit the movement of people, especially foreigners. The article discusses issues related to economics and behavioral finance, paying special attention to the irrationality of decisions, discussed by many authors, under the influence of various factors. Methodology: In the case of the empirical study, event analysis methodologies were applied, using abnormal and cumulative abnormal rates of return. Results of the research: The results of a detailed analysis of events, based on overnormative single-period logarithmic rates of return and cumulative over-normative single-period logarithmic rates of return for an event, showed an interesting case contradicting the thesis on irrationality of investor behavior in the capital market, while questioning the efficient market hypothesis.

3

Does a Label Have a Taste? Available Information and their Effect on the Perceived Quality of Wine by Czech Students

88%

Jan Z. P., Lucie S. Z., Monika V.

Littera Scripta

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2018

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issue 2

127-140

EN

This paper discusses information input and its influence on the consumer decision process. Authors conducted an experiment to determine, whether the information available to consumers have the potential to influence how they perceive product quality and as a result, influence the output of the consumer decision process as well. The assumption was verified by conducting qualitative research – a wine tasting experiment. The aim of this paper is to bring attention to the presence of irrational consumer behavior in a situation, where the authors deliberately seek to influence consumers’ sensory evaluation of product quality by providing them with certain information.

4

Krytyka współczesnego uniwersytetu według Ayn Rand i Allana Blooma

87%

Drelich S.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2020

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issue 57

209-225

EN

Ayn Rand and Allan Bloom are among the most well-known American critics of the contemporary universities. They both point out that the crisis of modern university is a reflection of a much broader crisis of contemporary culture. The purpose of this text is to present the arguments of both thinkers, which confirm the diagnosis of the university crisis. In Rand and Bloom’s work we can find the characteristics of a number of symptoms of this crisis. The most important are: 1) the political and ideological entanglement of the university environment; 2) all-encompassing skepticism; 3) the lack of a coherent vision of reality; 4) irrationality and departure from reason; 5) the postulate of neutrality and the avoidance of moral judgments; 6) retreat from philosophy and humanistic education.

5

Dubravka Oraić Tolić’s Thoughts on Antun Gustav Matoš

76%

Dujić T.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2014

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issue 7

PL

The purpose of this appendage (addendum) is to study a position of the female subject in the fictional prose of Antun Gustav Matoš through the reading of Dubravka Oraić Tolić. This research has shown that female subjects carry, or better to say, possess all features of Matoš’s poetic expression, therefore it is possible to sort them into three different models: woman-mother, woman-aesthetic creation and femme fatale.

EN

The purpose of this appendage (addendum) is to study a position of the female subject in the fictional prosem of Antun Gustav Matoš through the reading of Dubravka Oraić Tolić. This research has shown that female subjects carry, or better to say, possess all features of Matoš’s poetic expression, therefore it is possible to sort them into three different models: woman-mother, woman-aesthetic creation and femme fatale.

6

Racjonalna jednostka w odczarowanym mieście

75%

Kędzierski M.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2018

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issue 18

331-347

EN

The chief aim of reflection in this paper is to outline the image of rational cities and their products, including the consumerist superstructure. By way of conclusion, the author uses the example of the Warsaw borough of Służewiec-Przemysłowy (colloquially known as Mordor) to illustrate the transformation of the concept of rational reality.

7

Jerzy Stempowski i Lew Szestow – egzystencjalizm spowity wschodnią melancholią. Krótka historia przyjaźni

63%

Zimnowoda A.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 2

PL

Jerzy Stempowski and Lev Shestov - existentialism imbued with eastern melancholy. A short history of a friendship: The main objective of this article is to present the friendship between Jerzy Stempowski - Polish writer, essayist and Lev Shestov - Russian writer and philosopher. The article consist of three parts an and short conclusion. In the first part I focus on Stempowski’s predilections for Eastern Europe, and I also explore Stempowski’s complicated, though clearly evident, relation with existentialism. It is in this context that I show both Stempowski’s close affinity with Shestov philosophy, and his evident antipathy to French existentialism. In the second part I attempt to answer the following question: why did Stempowski have such a strong aversion to Albert Camus’ work. In this part of my essay I briefly refer to a Serbian writer and dissident - Mihajlo Mihajlov. In the third part I explore Stempowski’s friendship with Shestov and I also sketch the ideological horizon they both shared. Moreover, I mention Shestov’s presentations at the philosophical conferences in Kraków and Berlin as well as his meeting with Edmund Husserl in Amsterdam. In the short conclusion to my article I suggest that Stempowski’s existentialism is an individual, original project even if his existentialism draws upon most of the major themes in philosophical treatises and literature of existentialism. His “existential project” is based on: 1. reason which rationally orders reality, 2. sympathy towards antirational and prophetic philosophy of Russian thinkers which he analyses from the positions of a professed atheist and 3. deeply-rooted humanistic values.

8

The Counter-Hegemonic Virtues of Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

63%

Ivana D.

American, British and Canadian Studies Journal

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 1

10-19

EN

The purpose of this article is to re-examine popular culture in early-modern England by focusing on the oral/illiterate-written/literate and popular culture-high culture dyads. I aim to question why these interrelated socio-cultural categories have not been properly reconciled by the writers of the time. Moreover, my purpose is to focus on antiquarianism as a valid method whereby the delineation between the above-mentioned dichotomies turns into a subtle relationship in which both terms become complementary. I shall focus on two important antiquarian texts - Henry Bourne’s Antiquitates Vulgares (1725) and John Brand’s Observations on Popular Antiquities (1777) - by considering issues of religion and national identity, in an attempt to show that popular culture made known its counter-hegemonic virtues which, though permanently negotiated, were never rejected by the polite. Ultimately, the unstable relationship between the high and the low will be seen as suggestive of the porous boundaries between the two, indicating, at the same time, popular culture’s participatory role in rethinking cultural identity in Enlightenment England.

9

Postmetafizyczny klimat ponowoczesnej konsumpcji. Rzecz o (nie)zrównoważonym rozwoju człowieka

51%

Łażewska D.

Journal of Modern Science

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2016

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issue 1(28)

11-26

EN

The article is an attempt at a philosophical overview of the contemporary phenomenon of consumption. The purpose of this reflection is, therefore, the recognition of what makes us interested in the “it is and what it is” phenomenon. Thus, the method of philosophical analysis applied here will be identification as the search for the direct cause for a given effect. It seems that the cause for the contemporary phenomenon of consumption is the “rule of irrational passions” (Bauman). Hence, the reason for the existence of the consumer society lies in the desires, wishes and needs of its citizens, which are first created by the media and, then, kept in the state of unfulfillment by the mechanisms of economy. The reason behind the strengthening of the appetitive power (the will) is, in fact, the weakening of the cognitive power (the intellect). The decline of the metaphysical reflection on the purpose and meaning of human existence and the increased development of the hedonistic lifestyle with no reference to the transcendence testifies to that phenomenon. In this sense, one can say that contemporary consumption takes places in the postmetaphysical climate.

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę filozoficznego oglądu współczesnego fenomenu konsumpcji. Celem niniejszej refleksji jest rozpoznanie tego, co sprawia, że interesujące nas zjawisko „jest i czym jest”. Metodą analizy filozoficznej będzie tu identyfikacja jako poszukiwanie bezpośredniej przyczyny dla danego skutku. Na podstawie danych skutków można wywnioskować, iż przyczyną współczesnego zjawiska konsumpcji są „rządy irracjonalnych namiętności” (Bauman). Rację bytu społeczeństwa konsumpcyjnego stanowią pragnienia, życzenia i potrzeby jego obywateli – wpierw wykreowane przez media, następnie zaś utrzymywane przez gospodarcze mechanizmy w stanie niezaspokojenia. Powodem wzmocnienia władzy pożądawczej (woli) jest bowiem osłabienie władzy poznawczej intelektu, który utracił wiarę w swoje poznawcze możliwości. Świadczy o tym zanik metafizycznego namysłu nad celem i sensem ludzkiej egzystencji oraz wzmożony rozwój hedonistycznego stylu życia bez odniesienia do transcendencji. W związku z tym można mówić, iż współczesne konsumowanie przebiega w klimacie postmetafizycznym.

10

The Labyrinth: Revisited and Reinhabited. Interpreting the Minoan Myth as a Metaphor For Contemporary Culture

51%

Gladden-Obidzińska B. J.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2018

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issue 1

177-194

EN

This article reconstructs and interprets the evolution of the Minoan myth’s reception in literature, fine arts, and urban development during the twentieth century. The author’s understanding of this evolution is based on three assumptions: a) myth is a polysemantic symbol of metaphysical and historical origins and function; b) myth reflects the relationship of the cognitive vs. creative mechanisms of human activity; and c) as symbolic, myth’s form must be treated as an image as much as it is a (discursive) narrative. As a motif in literature and the arts, the Minoan myth in particular has displayed all three of these aspects by allowing first its heroic narrative and, more recently, its formal structure (i.e., the tragic maze of moral and intellectual values) and visual setting (i.e., the actual labyrinth) to serve as porte-paroles of ongoing social and civilisational transformations: aestheticisation, deconstruction of cognitive and political hierarchies, technicisation, and intensive urbanisation. The displacement of the narrative and of the figure of the Minotaur is interpreted from the perspectives of psychoanalysis and post-structuralism.

11

Terrorism pictured by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI

51%

Kuczyńska M.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2020

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vol. 6

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issue 2

7-38

EN

The article presents the reflections of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI on the phenomenon of terrorism. The understanding of the essence and sources of this phenomenon have been discussed. The author has analysed the teachings of the Pope before he took up the pontificate and during his ministry, focusing on the messages, speeches and pilgrimages. One of the Pope’s key texts was the Regensburg lecture. Proposals for counteracting terrorism in order to build a lasting peace in the world have been presented.

12

Na czym polegał błąd Iwana Karamazowa – Albert Camus o kompetencji rozumu wobec irracjonalnego

51%

Lisowska U.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2012

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issue 2

PL

Tematem artykułu jest poruszany przez Alberta Camusa problem kompetencji rozumu względem tego, co irracjonalne. W tekście stawiam pytanie o zasadność sądów rozumu w obli-czu chaotyczności i niezrozumiałości świata. Analizując Camusowskie pojęcie absurdu, wskażę na etyczne i poznawcze zobowiązania zawarte w diagnozie absurdu. Związane z tą kategorią doświadczenie buntu traktuję jako podstawowy sposób przejawiania się specyﬁ cznej dla czło-wieka cechy, którą Max Scheler określał jako zdolność do „mówienia »nie«” (”Nein” sagen)., Przedstawiam ﬁ lozoﬁ ę autora Dżumy jako racjonalizm świadomy swoich ograniczeń, uwzględ-niając jego reﬂ eksję nad opozycyjnymi stanowiskami, takimi jak koncepcja Karla Jaspersa. Pod-stawę rozważań stanowią prace Alberta Camusa, Człowiek zbuntowany oraz eseje ze zbioru Mit Syzyfa i inne eseje, ale także fragmenty Braci Karamazow Fiodora Dostojewskiego.

EN

Summary The study is concerned with the problem of the capability of reason when confronted with the irrational, as presented in Albert Camus’ philosophy. A question is posed about the validity of reasonable judgment in view of the incomprehensibility of the world. My analysis of A. Camus’ notion of absurdity reveals ethical and epistemological obligations inherent in the diagnosis of the absurdity of reality. The experience of rebellion (connected with the above mentioned category) is the basic aspect of an exclusively human feature, which Max Scheler described as the ability to “say no” (“»Nein« sagen”). In order to present A. Camus’ philosophy as a mature version of rationalism, and aware of its limitations, I take into account Camus’ reflection on the opposite attitude, as it reveals itself in the ideas of Karl Jaspers. The analysis is based on A. Camus’ The Rebel. An Essay on Man in Revolt, selected essays from the collection The Myth of Oedipus and Other Essaysand selected excerpts from Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Brothers Karamozov.

13

Funkcje i dysfunkcje myślenia irracjonalnego

51%

Gajewski M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio I – Philosophia-Sociologia

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2017

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vol. 42

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issue 2

EN

The terms “rationality” and “rationalism” are often considered to be synonyms which is a mistake. “Rationality” means certain property of thinking while “rationalism” – philosophical current. It is the same case with the terms “irrationality” (characteristic psycho-biological and social phenomenon) and “irrationalism” (certain theoretical and mental position). Many researchers claim that rationality and reasoning are definitive properties of thinking which is also a mistake. Thinking is a set of activities that are supposed to solve problems (motivational tensions) generated by so-called motivational system. Reasoning constitutes only one of subsets of thinking. We call thinking rational when it manages to solve a problem in an optimal way. Rational thinking relies (among others) on finding patterns in a world that surrounds us. This tendency, however, often leads to finding false patterns and formulating false beliefs based on them. A huge number of false beliefs and thinking errors which we fall victims to every day seems to suggest that being rational is not our “default setting”.

PL

Terminy „racjonalność” i „racjonalizm” często bywają uważane za synonimy, co jest błędem. „Racjonalność” oznacza pewną własność myślenia, zaś „racjonalizm” – kierunek filozoficzny. To samo dotyczy terminów „irracjonalność” (swoiste zjawisko psycho-biologiczne i społeczne) oraz „irracjonalizm” (określone stanowisko teoretyczne i mentalne). Wielu badaczy uważa racjonalność i rozumowanie za cechy definicyjne myślenia, co również jest błędem. Myślenie to zespół czynności, których funkcją jest rozwiązywanie problemów (napięć motywacyjnych) wytwarzanych przez tzw. układ motywacyjny. Rozumowanie stanowi tylko jeden z podtypów myślenia. Określamy myślenie mianem racjonalnego, gdy udaje mu się rozwiązać dany problem w sposób optymalny. Myślenie racjonalne polega m.in. na znajdowaniu prawidłowości w otaczającym nas świecie. Ta tendencja wielokrotnie prowadzi jednak do doszukiwania się prawidłowości tam, gdzie ich nie ma i formułowania na tej podstawie fałszywych przekonań. Ogromna ilość fałszywych przekonań oraz błędów myślenia, którym ulegamy każdego dnia, zdaje się sugerować, że bycie racjonalnym nie stanowi naszego „ustawienia domyślnego”.

14

Are religious believers irrational: a direct test from an efficient market hypothesis

51%

Senarathne C. W.

Nauki o Finansach

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2020

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issue vol. 25, nr 1

35-53

EN

The current literature does not offer a quantitative test of the irrational behaviour of people, especially taking a proxy for irrationality with reference to an economic activity. This paper examines the role of religious believers in carrying out economic activities. The form of stock market efficiency has been taken as a proxy for testing the null hypothesis that religious believers are irrational on average. The findings suggest that equity markets in religious countries are inefficient at ‘weak form’ level. This provides prima facie evidence for the hypothesis that religious believers are irrational on average. As such, the equity price changes of these stock markets can be forecast on the basis of past patterns. Poor income level and education are the main causes for developing irrationality. As these irrationalities cost economies, the policymakers should design and implement more robust policies and guidelines for poverty alleviation and the enrichment of education at country level.

PL

Współczesna literatura nie oferuje ilościowego testu irracjonalnego zachowania ludzi, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę nieracjonalność w odniesieniu do działalności gospodarczej. Artykuł analizuje rolę ludzi wierzących w prowadzeniu działalności gospodarczej. Forma efektywności rynku akcji została przyjęta jako przybliżenie do przetestowania zerowej hipotezy mówiącej, że wierzący są przeciętnie irracjonalni. Rezultaty badań sugerują, że rynki akcji w krajach religijnych są nieefektywne na poziomie „słabej formy”. Dostarcza to dowodów prima facie na hipotezę, że wierzący są przeciętnie irracjonalni. W związku z tym zmiany cen akcji na tych rynkach papierów wartościowych można prognozować na podstawie wcześniejszych wzorców. Niski poziom dochodów i słabe wykształcenie są głównymi przyczynami rozwoju irracjonalności. Ponieważ irracjonalność skutkuje kosztami dla gospodarki, decydenci powinni opracować i wdrożyć bardziej solidne polityki i wytyczne dotyczące zmniejszania ubóstwa i wzbogacania edukacji na poziomie kraju.

15

Iracionalumo Apraiškos XX a. užsienio ir Lietuvos Architektūroje

51%

Mačiulis A.

Town Planning and Architecture

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2010

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vol. 34

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issue 3

151-160

LT

Straipsnyje analizuojamas iracionalumas kaip šiuolaikinės architektūros meninės išraiškos forma, aptariama iracionalumo sąvoka architektūros mene. Taip pat charakterizuojamos sociokultūrinės prielaidos, filosofinės, meno srovės, dariusios įtaką iracionalumo požymiams architektūroje. Nagrinėjami pasauliniai ir Lietuvos iracionaliosios architektūros analogai, apžvelgiamos iracionalumo apraiškos stilistinėje architektūros raidoje.

EN

The paper analyses irrationality as an expression of modern architecture, overviews the concept of irrational architecture. Various art and philosophical trends, that influenced the development of architecture in the 20th century, are analysed. Influences of global and Lithuanian analogues of irrational architecture on the development of architectural styles are presented. Since the concept of irrational architecture hasn't been widely analysed, the paper suggests several approaches of analysis of irrational forms in architecture. The author arrives at the following conclusions:- Irrationality is an opposite expression of rationality, pragmatism, posityvism, technicist morphology. It's based on deconstruction, indetermination, roughness, dramatic expression, etc.- The effect of irrationality can be obtained by two ways: using decorations, ornaments, polichromy, and using deformations of forms and constructions.- Irrational trends in architecture are caused by several factors. Philosophical trends such as reliatyvism, irrationalism, intuityvism, psychoanalysis, deconstructyvism, and art trends such as cubism, symbolism, expressionism, art deco, surrealism, etc.- Irrational trends in global and Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century can be noticed in art nouveau, art deco, organic, late modern, postmodern, deconstructyvist architectural styles.

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POLITICAL PARANOIA - A RULE OR A CHANCE?

Reakcja inwestorów giełdy hiszpańskiej na zamknięcie granic. Weryfikacja za pomocą metodyki analizy zdarzeń

Does a Label Have a Taste? Available Information and their Effect on the Perceived Quality of Wine by Czech Students

Krytyka współczesnego uniwersytetu według Ayn Rand i Allana Blooma

Dubravka Oraić Tolić’s Thoughts on Antun Gustav Matoš

Racjonalna jednostka w odczarowanym mieście

Jerzy Stempowski i Lew Szestow – egzystencjalizm spowity wschodnią melancholią. Krótka historia przyjaźni

The Counter-Hegemonic Virtues of Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

Postmetafizyczny klimat ponowoczesnej konsumpcji. Rzecz o (nie)zrównoważonym rozwoju człowieka

The Labyrinth: Revisited and Reinhabited. Interpreting the Minoan Myth as a Metaphor For Contemporary Culture

Terrorism pictured by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI

Na czym polegał błąd Iwana Karamazowa – Albert Camus o kompetencji rozumu wobec irracjonalnego

Funkcje i dysfunkcje myślenia irracjonalnego

Are religious believers irrational: a direct test from an efficient market hypothesis

Iracionalumo Apraiškos XX a. užsienio ir Lietuvos Architektūroje