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1

Ius gentium w moralności i polityce. Nauka o państwie i prawie Pawła Włodkowica w ujęciu Antona Hilckmana

100%
Stępień T.
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
|
2008
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vol. 4
|
issue 1 Prawo
201-218
EN
The author of the paper explores Paweł Włodkowic's outlooks concerning the concept of the middle age international law. The analysis is mainly based on Anton Hilckman’s approach – German philosopher who stated that one of the most intellectual Polish contribution into European culture was Paweł Włodkowic's (1370-1436) political and legal doctrine. Włodkowic along with Stanisław from Skarbimierz (1360-1431) were the authors of Polish middle aged doctrine ius gentium (the law of the nations). The background of the doctrine foundation was the confrontation between Poland and Teutonic Knights in XIV and XV century.
2
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Just war against infidels? Similar answers from Central and Western Europe

84%
Díaz B.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2017
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vol. 53
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issue 3
55-75
EN
The aim of this paper is to take a closer look at the similitudes between the ideas of Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri) and Francisco de Vitoria concerning the relations between Christians and infidels, especially on the issue of just war, and to advance a hypothesis to explain such similarities. Both scholars come from “frontier States” in the process of expansion and in close contact with non-Christian peoples. They had therefore direct knowledge of these different human groups. The equality between Christians and infidels, the right of all men to property and self-rule as well as their freedom to accept faith, the idea of a community of mankind, are some of the concepts developed by both thinkers. That is why they have been pointed out as beginners of the modern ius gentium. At the end of the paper, I will advance a hypothesis on the influence of Włodkowic on Vitoria.
3
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Pojęcie „ius gentium” w „Summa Theologiae” św. Tomasza z Akwinu

84%
Zalewski B.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2022
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issue 11
159-179
EN
The subject of the considerations in presented paper is the concept of ius gentium in two selected fragments of St. Thomas Aquinas: S.Th. I-II, q. 95, a. 4 and S.Th. II-II, q. 57, a. 3. The introduction to their detailed analysis is the discussion of three issues necessary for the correct interpretation of Aquinas’ argu-ments, i.e. the concept of ius gentium in the first book of the Justinian Digest, the definition of ius gentium in the Etymologies of St. Isidore of Seville and an explanation of the relationship between the concepts of ius and lex in the Summa Theologica. The conducted research allows to conclude that the Angelic Doctor uses the concept of ius gentium in a twofold sense. The first of them is of a juridical nature and can be equated with the understanding of this term on the basis of the sources of Roman law. Ius gentium is therefore a set of legal norms common to all peoples, which enable, first of all, mutual economic turnover, although to some extent also apply to the external activity of the state. The second meaning of the term ius gentium, although also to some extent inspired by the sources of Roman law, has a broader character and a deeper philosophical foundation. On the basis of the treaty on justice, ius gentium constitutes the social order of functioning of all people based on natural reason (naturalis ratio).
4

Transnational Law and its Historical Precedents

60%
Giaro T.
Studia Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 68
73-85
PL
The concept of transnational law is by many modern scholars identified exclusively with the global law or world’s law of the 21st century. However, in legal history we find much older cases of lawmaking which occurs without the intervention of state agencies or even beyond the state. From this point of view we analyze briefly the ancient Roman ius civile, the medieval canon law, the Roman-canon utrumque ius, the old-European capitulations and the cases of legal pluralism which could be found within the Russian Empire.
5
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"Mare liberum" w myśli polityczno-prawnej Fernando Vázqueza de Menchaca (1512–1569). Uwarunkowania, korzenie, istota

60%
Jakóbczyk-Adamczyk P.
Studia Maritima
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2017
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vol. 30
5-20
EN
The discussion on the concept of the sea as an open space (mare liberum) or closed space (mare clausum) within the context of the principles of modern international law formulated in the seventeenth century, constituted a continuation of the disputes lasting since ancient times. Grotius’ thought, ground-breaking in many ways, drew upon the accomplishment of the Spanish law school of the sixteenth-century. During the period when Spain was taking control over the Atlantic routes, the representatives of the school that followed the scholastic tradition attempted to establish the validity of the principle of the freedom of the seas. The argumentation of F. de Vitoria’s disciples was devoid of theological polemics and political motivation. F. Vázquez de Menchaca presented his view on the issue of the status of the seas, the navigation right, and also indirectly trade, in a treaty called Controversiarum illustrium aliarumque usu frequentium libri tres, first published in 1564. His conception, being the result of his extraordinary erudition and intellectual independence, is characterised by unique originality and rationalism. Referring to the concept of natural law and its inviolability, mainly the principle of the common good and the idea of the international community, the author laid the foundations for the utilitarian doctrine, later systematized by the Dutch philosopher.
PL
Dyskusja nad koncepcją morza jako przestrzeni otwartej (mare liberum) lub zamkniętej (mare clausum) w ramach formułowanych w XVII wieku zasad nowożytnego prawa międzynarodowego była kontynuacją dysput toczonych od czasów starożytnych. Myśl Grocjusza, przełomowa w wielu aspektach, sięgała do dorobku XVI-wiecznej hiszpańskiej szkoły prawa. W okresie, kiedy Hiszpania przejmowała kontrolę nad szlakami atlantyckimi, przedstawiciele szkoły, która kontynuowała tradycję scholastyczną, próbowali legitymować zasadę wolności mórz. Argumentacja uczniów Francisco de Vitoria pozbawiona była teologicznej polemiki czy politycznej motywacji. Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca przedstawił swoją koncepcję statusu mórz, prawa do żeglugi, a pośrednio także handlu w traktacie pt. Controversiarum illustrium alliarumque usu frequentium libri tres, po raz pierwszy opublikowanym w 1564 roku. Jego stanowisko, będące wynikiem nadzwyczajnej erudycji i niezależności intelektualnej, charakteryzuje wyjątkowa oryginalność i racjonalizm. Odwołując się do idei prawa natury i jego nienaruszalności, przede wszystkim zaś do zasady dobra wspólnego oraz idei międzynarodowej wspólnoty, autor położył podwaliny pod utylitarną doktrynę, usystematyzowaną następnie przez Hugo Grocjusza.
6
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Transnational Law and its Historical Precedents

60%
Giaro T.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
|
vol. 68
73-85
PL
The concept of transnational law is by many modern scholars identified exclusively with the global law or world’s law of the 21st century. However, in legal history we find much older cases of lawmaking which occurs without the intervention of state agencies or even beyond the state. From this point of view we analyze briefly the ancient Roman ius civile, the medieval canon law, the Roman-canon utrumque ius, the old-European capitulations and the cases of legal pluralism which could be found within the Russian Empire.
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