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EN
Marin Cureau de la Chambre belonged to the group of medicals and philosophers who played a significant role in the development of French philosophy of the seventeenth century. The scholar dealt with the basics of physiognomy and achieved a significant progress in this area. His main work, dedicated to the expression of emotions, provides a comprehensive analysis of human behavior and a classification of feelings. De la Chambre considered himself as a continuator of Aristotle’s works, but his research was in response to the demand of his own era. The author values more highly the realm of emotions and against the tendencies of rationalism, considers human nature almost entirely in their aspects. He considers the body as a medium which helps the soul express all its states of being. Body language is treated as a key to the human psyche. His method is designed to expose the real nature that people are trying to hide behind the conventions and cultural masks. For this purpose de la Chambre deepens his gaze on the context which can be defined as socio-psycho-geographic. The knowledge gained in this way was to be used in human resource management, politics, but also effectively navigating the intricacies of court life. In comparison with Descartes, the medical presents himself as the one who came closer to the knowledge of the “real man”, which, for the other one is clearly lacking. The article presents the main assumptions of de la Chambre’s physiognomy and, where possible, seeks to compare his “Expressions of feelings” with Descartes’ “Passions of the soul”.
EN
Most information is represented through nonverbal messages. This standard also concerns feelings which can be expressed by gestures, mimics and different ways of behaviour. Body language presented in the folk songs discussed in this article is classified in the following categories: happiness, love, tenderness, sadness, anger and disdain. The provided analysis shows that some mimics is common for two or more different feelings, such as laughter signifying either happiness or disdain. Moreover, the examination displays that sadness is frequently expressed by certain types of behaviour e.g. crying, wringing one’s hands or wiping one’s eyes. The article visualizes the abundance of methods allowing for demonstration of feelings in folk artistic activity.
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PL
Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czym jest teatr tańca i jaką rolę odgrywa w terapii. W pierwszej części przedstawiona jest geneza oraz defi nicja teatru tańca, kolejno jego związki z terapeutyką oraz założenia terapii, a także przykłady leczniczego zastosowania ruchu scenicznego. Artykuł prowadzi do konkluzji, że teatr tańca, jako uniwersalny język umożliwiający mówienie o uczuciach i wewnętrznych konfl iktach, jest alternatywną metodą pracy z ludzkim ciałem i psychiką, szczególnie istotną w dobie narastających problemów w komunikacji intra- i interpsychicznej.
EN
This article attempts to answer the question, what is dance theater and its role in therapy. In the Þ rst part the article shows the genesis and deÞ nition of dance theater, turns to its relationships with therapeutics and foundation of therapy, as well as examples of the therapeutic use of stage movement. The article leads to the conclusion that the dance theater, is a universal language that allows us to talk about feelings and inner conflicts, is an alternative method of working with the human body and psyche and it’s important as a factor in increasing problems in intra- and interpersonal communication.
PL
Powieść Granica zapomnienia (2010) Siergieja Lebiediewa (ur. 1981) – przedmiot naszej analizy – to jednen z pierwszych literackich przykładów nowego nurtu w rosyjskim dyskursie memorialnym, dotychczas koncentującym się wyłącznie na upamiętnieniu ofiar rezimu stalinowskiego i pomijającym całkowitym milczeniem postacie katów. Przełamując społeczno-kulturowe tabu pisarz kreuje bohatera – byłego oprawcę rezimu, którego zbrodnicza natura ujawnia się poprzez cielesne praktyki pamięci. Celem artykułu jest analiza semantyczna języka ciała kata (gesty, mimika, wzrok, milczenie). Koncentracja Lebiediewa na aspektach cielesno-fizjologicznych pozwala zdemaskować skrzętnie skrywaną biografię oprawcy.
RU
Роман Предел забвения (2010) Сергея Лебедева (р. 1981) – предмет нашего анализа – справедливо можно назвать одним из первых явлений, поспособствовавших открытию новых граней мемориального дискурса в России; доныне сфокусированного прежде всего на увековечении памяти жертв и одновременно полностью замалчивающего авторов насилия. Сделать бывшего начальника лагеря – и ему подобных, спрятавшихся под разными масками и личинами – видимым, значит материализовать его, наделить его тело личным языком, что и заложено в основу идеологической концепции романа.
EN
The novel Oblivion (2010) by Sergei Lebedev (born in 1981) - the subject of our analysis - is one of the first literary examples of a new trend in a Russian memorial discourse, so far focused solely on commemorating the victims of the Stalinist regime and ignoring the figures of executioners in a complete silence. By breaking the social and cultural taboos, the writer creates a hero - a former torturer of the regime whose criminal nature is revealed through the practices of a bodily memory. The purpose of this article is to semantically analyse the executioner's body language (i.e., gestures, facial expressions, eyesight,silence). Lebedev's concentration on bodily and physiological aspects makes it possible to unmask a carefully hidden biography of the torturer.
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