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1

Has the Action for Failure to Act in the European Union Lost its Purpose?

100%
Daukšienė I., Budnikas A.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
|
2014
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vol. 7
|
issue 2
209-226
EN
This article analyzes the purpose of the action for failure to act under article 265 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The statements are derived from the analysis of scientific literature, relevant legislation, practice of the European Union Court of Justice (CJEU) and the European Union General Court (EUGC). Useful information has also been obtained from the opinions of general advocates of the CJEU. The article of TFEU 265, which governs the action for failure to act, is very abstract. For this reason, a whole procedure under the article 265 TFEU was developed by the EU courts. The original purpose of the action for failure to act was to constitute whether European Union (EU) institution properly fulfilled its obligations under the EU legislation. However, in the course of case-law, a mere EU institution’s express refusal to fulfill its duties became sufficient to constitute that the EU institution acted and therefore action for failure to act became devoid of purpose. This article analyzes whether the action for failure to act has lost its purpose and become an ineffective legal remedy in the system of judicial review in the EU. Additionally, the action for failure to act is compared to similar national actions.
2
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Sądowa ochrona samodzielności finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego przed rozstrzygnięciami nadzorczymi regionalnych izb obrachunkowych

89%
Glumińska-Pawlic J.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 1
77-89
EN
Financial independence of territorial self-government units means performing important public tasks in the field of financial management on their own behalf and with their own responsibility in terms of aspects related to income and expenditure, and implementation of financial management. In this regard, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland guarantees the units the right to have cases heard before the court whenever their independence is threatened by someone else’s actions or in situations leading to removal of the effects of a specific violation that has already occurred. Nevertheless, the issue related to the independence of local government units, including financial independence and related judicial protection, as it can be seen, still remains an open issue. It should be emphasized that the legislator, expressing the unambiguous intention of protecting the independence of territorial self-government units, provided them with institutional legal supervision, but within defined limits.
3
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Ochrona sądowa w postępowaniach dyscyplinarnych lekarzy. Analiza orzeczeń kasacyjnych Sądu Najwyższego

75%
Wrześniewska-Wal I.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2017
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vol. 60
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issue 3
151-168
EN
This article discusses the cassation institution in disciplinary cases of doctors. The basic differences between this cassation and the cassation provided for by the Code of Criminal Procedure are indicated. Due to the deontology of the disciplinary proceedings of doctors, there is no doubt that in the light of the Constitution it is permissible and even unavoidable to form such a model of conduct control on the professional liability of physicians, which provides for derogations from the standards in force in criminal procedure sensu stricto. The analysis of Supreme Court case law in disciplinary cases of doctors in terms of effective court protection takes into account the cassations of the years 2011-2016.
PL
W artykule rozważana jest instytucja kasacji w sprawach dyscyplinarnych lekarzy. Wskazane zostały podstawowe różnice pomiędzy tą kasacją a kasacją przewidzianą przez przepisy kodeksu postępowania karnego. Ze względu na deontologię postępowania dyscyplinarnego lekarzy, nie ulega wątpliwości, że w świetle Konstytucji jest dopuszczalne i nawet nieuniknione, takie ukształtowanie modelu kontroli postępowania w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności zawodowej lekarzy, który przewiduje odstępstwa od standardów obowiązujących w postępowaniu karnym sensu stricto. Przeprowadzona w pracy analiza orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego w sprawach dyscyplinarnych lekarzy pod kątem efektywnej ochrony sądowej uwzględnia kasacje z lat 2011-2016.
4
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International Courts, Unrecognised Entities and Individuals: Coherence through Judicial Dialogue?

63%
Czaplińska A.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2019
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vol. 39
61-87
EN
The article offers a revisited look at the classic jurisprudence of the ECtHR and CJEU concerning the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from the perspective of the phenomenon of judicial dialogue. In this context, it aims to examine whether judicial dialogue contributes to the development of coherent jurisprudence and in consequence of effective judicial redress in cases involving unrecognised entities and individuals. It draws attention to the threats for both the international rule of law and the protection of rights of individuals resulting from inconsistencies within own jurisprudence of the respective court, as well as from lack of coherence in interpretation and application of the same rules of international law by different courts.
5
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Varování Národního úřadu pro kybernetickou a informační bezpečnost pohledem forem správních činností:

63%
Bražina R.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2020
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vol. 159
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issue 9
692-702
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the nature of the warning that can be issued by the National Office for Cyber and Information Security in case of detection of a cyber threat. The article focuses on the warning from the point of view of what form of legal activity of public administration it is and what consequences has, respectively may have, its release for its “addressees”. Despite the fact that a warning is a so-called non-regulatory act, the issue of protection against it is crucial, as a warning as such can interfere with the rights and obligations of specific entities. Therefore, the article also deals with the question of whether there is a procedure, within which it would be possible to examine the existence of reasons for issuing warning.
CS
Základním cílem předkládaného článku je rozbor povahy varování, které může vydat Národní úřad pro kybernetickou a informační bezpečnost v případě zjištění kybernetické hrozby. Článek se přitom na varování zaměřuje z toho pohledu, o jakou formu správní činnosti se jedná a jaké důsledky má, respektive může mít, jeho vydání pro jeho „adresáty“. S ohledem na skutečnost, že varování můžeme označit za neregulativní úkon, je podrobena zkoumání i otázka, zda a nakolik existují možnosti, jak se jeho vydání bránit. Navzdory tomu, že varování představuje neregulativní úkon, má otázka ochrany proti němu zásadní význam, neboť varování jako takové může zasáhnout do práv a povinností konkrétních subjektů. Proto se článek zabývá i otázkou, jestli existuje procedura, v rámci které by bylo možné přezkoumat existenci důvodů pro vydání varování.
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