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EN
The paper is devoted to the phenomenon called “depreciativity” or “pejorativity”. In contemporary Polish many masculine-personal (virile) nouns in the nominative case of the plural are represented by two forms: the neutral (non-depreciative) form (eg. ci poeci) and the so called depreciative, pejorative one (eg. te poety). Presenting the problems of interpretation of the above-mentioned opposition on the basis of Saloni’s and Bogusławski’s opinions, the author of the paper notices a group of nouns that do not create the non-depreciative form easily or can be represented in texts only by the depreciative one. They are etymological names of animals and objects but they can also refer to people e.g. orzeł (‘eagle’), sokół (‘falcon’), and osioł (‘ass, donkey’). The group of nouns (which is numerous especially in slangs) is an argument against interpreting the mentioned phenomenon (“depreciativity”) as a grammatical category.
EN
The author considers the possible application of the cognitive approach to teaching Polish grammar to Ukrainians, both in its theoretical and practical aspect. She points to the differences in realization of grammar categories in Polish and Ukrainian and analyzes the relationship between the distinctions of categories in these languages and common system errors made by the Ukrainians speaking Polish. The author puts particular emphasis on those errors that can disturb communication between Poles and Polish speaking Ukrainians.
PL
W artykule jest omawiana możliwość kognitywnego podejścia do nauczania Ukraińców polskiej gramatyki, rozumianej zarówno w aspekcie teoretycznym, jak i praktycznym. Wskazuje się na różnice dotyczące realizacji kategorii gramatycznych w języku polskim i ukraińskim, analizuje się zależności między kategorialnymi odrębnościami w rozpatrywanych językach a typowymi błędami systemowymi w polszczyźnie Ukraińców, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych błędów, które mogą powodować zakłócenia komunikacyjne w polskojęzycznym dyskursie Ukraińców z Polakami.
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