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PL
Tekst powstał w oparciu o badania terenowe w Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej i analizy tekstów źródłowych. Jego celem jest przybliżenie zmieniających się w procesie przemian cywilizacyjnych – na przestrzeni ostatnich dwóch dekad – relacji rodzinnych w sąsiedzkim środowisku osad i wiosek zamieszkałych przez osoby należące do tradycyjnych społeczności Ba’Aka, Bantu (Mbimou, Gbaya) i Mbororo w regionie Sangha Mbaéré w Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej (RŚA). Zaprezentowane przykłady praktyk rodzinnych, konstruowania rodzin i więzi rodzinnych ukazują powstawanie tam nowych przestrzeni dla związków dotychczas nieobecnych w hermetycznych strukturach poszczególnych społeczności regionu, bądź relacji i praktyk nieaprobowanych (np. samotne macierzyństwo kobiet).
EN
The following text is based on field research in Central African Republic and an analysis of textual sources. It concerns family relations – altered within the last two decades by processes of civilisational change – in the environment of settlements and villages, where members of traditional Ba’Aka, Bantu (Mbimou, Gbaya) and Mbororo communities live as neighbours in the Sangha Mbaéré region of the Central African Republic (CAR). Examples of family practices as well as the construction of families and family ties show the creation of new spaces for relationships, which were heretofore absent from the hermetic structures of individual communities in the region. Relationships and practices previously unacceptable and sporadically-appearing emerge too (e.g. single motherhood.)
EN
The gens (clan) was one of the key social institutions in archaic Rome. It has given rise to much controversy in modern scholarship. The history of the Roman clan is one of those areas in which the volume of scholarly literature is out of all proportion compared to the limited evidence. The obscurity of the institution has not prevented imaginative reconstructions. A critical analysis of the sources runs counter to the well-entrenched theory that the gens originated as a prepolitical organisation, which collapsed after the rise of the state. Contrary to the views of numerous scholars that there was once a time when only patricians has clans, there is no evidence for this proposition: the clan system extended to all classes of Roman society. In the past, many descriptions of early Roman agriculture focused on the gentilicial ownership of land. The concept of gentilicial land has, however, fallen out of favour over time, rightly as it seems.
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